Home – Home – Jornals – Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia 2024 number 4

The genus Carex L. (family Cyperaceae Juss.) ranks among the largest genera in both Russian and global flora. Over the past two decades, the application of molecular genetic methods has significantly transformed our understanding of the genus’s phylogeny. Initial studies revealed that the tribe Cariceae constitutes a natural group, while the genus Carex is paraphyletic in relation to all genera within the tribe. Therefore, an international consortium of caricologists has proposed a substantial revision of the classification of Carex. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the history of molecular phylogenetic studies on the genus Carex. We focus on our analysis conducted during a monographic study of the genetic diversity within the most complex species complexes of the genus, particularly those prevalent in Siberia and the Far East of Russia. Additionally, we discuss the selection of universal molecular genetic markers aimed at reconstructing the phylogeny of Siberian Carex species.

The article presents the results of macro- and micromorphological study of fruits of 41 taxa (40 species and two varieties) of the genus Geranium L. from three subgenera and 12 sections. The shape, size, surface of the pericarp, and structural features of the exocarp cells were studied. For the species G. laetum Ledeb., G. pseudosibiricum J. Mayer, G. asiaticum Serg., G. albiflorum Ledeb., G. malyschevii Troshkina, G. affine Ledeb., G. sergievskajae (Peschkova) Troshkina, G. transbaicalicum Serg., G. turczaninovii (Serg.) Troshkina, G. popovii (Tzvelev) Tzvelev, the structural features of the fruit were studied using SEM for the first time. The species G. rotundifolium is preliminarily excluded from the section Batrachioides and, accordingly, the subgenus Robertium and transferred to the section Geranium of the subgenus Geranium. It is shown that the morphology of the fruit and the mechanism of its dehiscence can be used to separate taxa at the level of genus and subgenus; the shape of the mericarp, the features of the sculpture of the pericarp surface - at the level of section, subsection and species.

Data on yellow-green algae (Xanthophyta) from reservoirs and watercourses of the Azas State Nature Reserve has been processed and summarized. Lake Azas is located in the Todzhen basin of the Republic of Tyva, where representatives of this department currently count 10 species of algae. For the first time, 6 species are listed for water bodies of Tyva. Five species have been noted that have a limited distribution in Russia. Based on original and literary data, to date, 36 species have been identified in the water bodies of the Republic, represented by 39 species and infraspecific taxa from the Xanthophyta department, belonging to 7 families and 11 genera. The results of an analysis of data on the ecology and geographic distribution of representatives of this department are presented, and information is provided in relation to halicity, the active reaction of water, and saprobity.

In this article we present the results of the study of littoral diatom complexes of Lake Shunet (Republic of Khakassia), which belongs to the drainless meromictic lakes of the arid zone. There are results of complex hydrobiological research on this water body, but the floristic component is not sufficiently studied, so an inventory of taxa is important for replenishing information about the diatom flora of the lake. In samples collected in 2017-2020 in Lake Shunet, we identified 179 species (189 species and intraspecific taxa) of diatoms belonging to 16 orders, 35 families, and 71 genera. The most widely represented families are Bacillariaceae (30 species), Naviculaceae (18), Cymbellaceae (12), Eunotiaceae (10), Mastogloiaceae (9) and genera: Nitzschia (17 species), Navicula (13), Eunotia (10), Tryblionella (8), Gomphonema , Mastogloia , Pinnularia (7 species each). The minimum diversity of diatoms is typical for the plankton of the lake - 25 species and intraspecific taxa, with the dominance of cyanobacteria Planktolyngbya contorta (Lemmermann) Anagnostidis et Komárek. Benthos and periphyton have the same number of species and intra-species algal taxa - 123. Complexes of dominant taxa have the following composition in these communities: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs ex Kützing) D.M. Williams et Round, Cocconeis scutellum var. minutissima Grunow, C . euglypta Ehrenberg, C . placentula Ehrenberg, Haslea spicula (Hickie) Bukhtiyarova, Navicula salinarum Grunow, Pleurosigma elongatum W. Smith, Brachysira aponina Kützing, Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow) D.M. Williams et Round, Surirella striatula Turpin. Diatom assemblages of the lake consist of freshwater, brackish-water and marine taxa, with a relatively high proportion of halophobes likely coming from the stream and deposited on the sediments.

Based on studies of the biota of macromycetes in the territory of the Kuzbass Botanical Garden, 53 species of larger fungi (macromycetes) were identified of higher fungi were identified. The identified species belonged to the divisions Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, 25 species being new records for the Kemerovo Region, and Inocybe salicis Kühner being reported for the first time in Asia. In terms of the number of species, basidiomycetes from the order Agaricales dominated. In the family spectrum, the leading position was occupied by Inocybaceae, Mycenaceae, Russulaceae, Agaricaceae. Among the genera, Inocybe (Fr.) Fr . and Mycena (Pers.) Roussel differed in species richness. In the ecological-trophic structure, the group of symbiotrophic fungi prevailed, the second position was occupied by the group of litter saprotrophs, and the third by humus saprotrophs, the remaining groups were represented by a small number of species. Analysis of ecotopic occurrence showed that most species are found in artificial plantings of the Botanical Garden.

The paper presents the results of a survey of tree plantings in the city of Bokhtar (Khatlon region of the Republic of Tajikistan). About 180 species of trees and shrubs currently used in urban landscaping. Most of them are deciduous trees. However, the main share of Bokhtar trees, which retain decorative qualities for a long time, are evergreen coniferous plants from the genera Juniperus , Pinus , Cupressus , and Thuja . Most of deciduous trees have high decorative qualities, but they are less stable in local climate. These ones create a variety of urban landscapes, but they are more demanding on growing conditions and agricultural techniques, so the areas occupied by these species are much smaller. Exotic fruit trees such as Citrus and palm species need of additional care and protection and have limited use in landscaping of Bokhtar city. We carried out phenological observations, assessed the stability and decorativeness, and developed the assortment of woody plants recommended for landscaping of Bokhtar. It includes 39 promising species combined into 5 groups, in accordance with their biological characteristics and use in landscape design. Optimal propagation methods identified for the most valuable species. Seed propagation recommended for all species except Salix babylonica and Paulownia tomentosa . Vegetative propagation by cuttings of shoots recommended for 11 species of deciduous trees, for coniferous trees - only Thuja occidentalis . Recommendations on the use of trees and shrubs in Bokhtar landscaping take into account the features of the urban landscape, the architectural and planning solution of the landscaping site and its functional purpose. We recommend to plant groups of trees to create large-scale compositions in the architectural space, tall trees for central city streets landscaping, public gardens and parks. Conversely, in residential areas we recommend planting of low-growing trees as protective ones. Trees for boulevards landscaping and along highways must be resistant to exhaust fumes, temperature changes, low humidity and soil compaction.

The article is devoted to the 70th anniversary and 45th anniversary of scientific activity of Dmitry Nikolaevich Shaulo, a famous Russian florist, a tireless researcher of the mountains of southern Siberia, a specialist in the protection of the flora of Asian Russia, and the head of the Herbarium laboratory of the CSBG SB RAS

The article presents a brief overview of the results of the V International Youth Conference “Prospects of Development and Challenges of Modern Botany”, held at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk) and dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The conference was attended by 98 young scientists from scientific organizations of Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. A total of 6 plenary, 35 oral and 6 poster reports were presented.