Prokaryotic communities during self-overgrowing of a chemical industry waste storage facility
I. G. SHIROKIKH1,2,3, N. A. BOKOV2,3, E. V. DABAKH1,2, L. V. KONDAKOVA1,2, A. A. SHIROKIKH2,3, T. Ya. ASHIKHMINA1,2
1Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biology, Syktyvkar, Russia
2Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
3Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V.Rudnitskogo, Kirov, Russia
Keywords: industrial waste, technogenic soils, prokaryotes, high-throughput sequencing, Illumina, 16S rRNA, biodiversity, taxonomic structure
Abstract
The method of high-performance sequencing using the Illumina technology investigated the diversity of prokaryotes in three soil samples (Technosols) selected on the territory of the former tailings of liquid waste of chemical production near the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk, Kirov region. The assessment of the taxonomic richness and phylogenetic diversity of microbial communities formed in the process of regenerative succession of the technogenic landscape, in comparison with the alluvial soil (Fluvisols) - a natural analogue of the one that was disturbed as a result of the disposal of waste from a chemical enterprise. The analysis of the indicators of taxonomic richness and diversity demonstrated their lower values in the soils formed on waste in comparison with the natural soil of the background site. 26 bacterial and 2 archaeal phyla of prokaryotes were identified, accounting for more than 95 % of the number of classified sequences. The phylum Actinobacteria (22-41 %) and Proteobacteria -20-26 %) dominated. At the level of higher taxa in disturbed soils, compared with the community of natural alluvial soil, trends in the representation of phylum were revealed: a decrease in the proportion of Verrucomicrobia and an increase in the proportion of Cyanobacteria. The greatest differences between the communities of technosols and background soil were revealed at the levels of orders, families and genera. Common and unique genera have been identified for each of the four microbiomes. The detected differences in the composition and structure of the prokaryotic component of microbial communities of disturbed soils are related to the complex of their physical-chemical properties (granulometric composition, pH of soil solution, Corg content, composition of toxicants of industrial origin, humidity regime, etc.) and the nature of vegetation cover. The results obtained are of interest for the development of new approaches in future studies of the relationship of soil microbiota with ecosystem changes caused by human activity.
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