Home – Home – Jornals – Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM” 2023 number 4

The article presents and discusses the statement of the problem, goals and objectives, methodology, tools, software and research results obtained during the development of the prototype information and analytical system “Ecological Barometer”. A review of research in the area of knowledge under discussion has been completed. A system of characteristics for measuring the level of environmental safety is outlined. Sources of primary data are described in detail. The system involves the implementation of monitoring and analysis of key characteristics of the state of the environment based on data obtained using artificial intelligence technologies.

The article deals with the use of interactive seminar model for the development of professional competencies and activation of scientific activity of students in the discipline “Life Safety”. Traditional formats of seminars in higher education have their disadvantages. The interactive workshop model developed by the author, using the “Workshop” module in the Moodle learning management system, includes such elements as discussions, collective assessment, small group work, surveys, questionnaires and webinars. These activities promote critical thinking, collaboration, and active student participation. This model addresses the shortcomings of traditional seminars and improves the quality of research papers, deepens the understanding of compulsory disciplines and prepares students for scientific endeavors.

The features of the formation and implementation of the industrial and energy policies of the European Union, aimed at achieving the goals of ensuring the functioning of “green” energy in the context of strengthening anti-Russian sanctions and global climate change, are considered. Options for regional and global development in the medium and long term are substantiated, taking into account the dynamics of prices for energy products and structural changes in their production and consumption

The article presents an overview of the features of the economic development of the country during the period of liberal transformations and the problems associated with ensuring technological sovereignty in Russia. The main ones are: a low share of innovations in the structure of industrial production, as well as enterprises that carry them out; obsolescence of a significant part of fixed assets in industry; a high key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which does not contribute to economic growth and acceleration of industrial modernization in Russia. The article attempts to identify the elements of macroeconomic policy that contribute to ensuring technological sovereignty. To achieve economic growth, it is necessary to significantly increase the share of investments in fixed and human capital. To activate investment activity in the real sector of the economy, it is necessary to reduce the discount rate. In order to overcome the technological gap and solve the problem of import substitution, it is also necessary to optimize the industry and antimonopoly policy. It is necessary to reconsider the attitude to the integration policy of enterprises in the markets in order to increase their production efficiency, despite the increase in the level of concentration, and also to determine which structure in key industries is optimal for solving the problem of import substitution and restoring production chains destroyed as a result of sanctions.

The work is devoted to the issues of interaction between the state and private sector organizations in the field of innovation. The article defines the place of the scientific and technological sphere in the general structure of the economy, substantiates the prerequisites for the circulation of technologies at various levels of the market. The features of the Russian system of protection of intellectual property are highlighted. An analysis of the state policy in the field of innovative development is given. A mechanism has been proposed to stimulate R&D and import substitution based on the provision of subsidies for the purchase of components within the framework of existing business processes.

The article presents the possibilities of applying the methods of applied statistics used in modern analysis to analyze the dynamics of the exchange rate. The exchange rate in the modern world is quite a significant tool of the economic system of the state. Determining the trend in the development of the exchange rate is important in almost any business direction that involves capital investment. In modern economic conditions, it has a rather differential character, which is accompanied by risk, to one degree or another. And although assets in US dollars have declined in recent years, the Central Bank did not plan to completely abandon the dollar in its reserves, since this currency is necessary to maintain financial stability, given the high role of the US currency in foreign trade settlements and its fundamental role in financial flows. To predict the dynamics of the exchange rate, the official US dollar exchange rate was taken. Methods of constructing predictive models using ARIMA models and prediction models based on neural networks are proposed for making forecasts. The models were evaluated and the most accurate variant was proposed - a model based on the construction of neural networks (MLP model 12-8-1 (No. 4)) with a prediction error of 6 %.

This publication completes the presentation of part of the results of a study conducted at the Research Institute of Information Technologies of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The purpose of the study is to increase the effectiveness of departmental statistical surveillance in the field of organizing the work of the security service to ensure the security of institutions of the penal system. As a result of the study, it was decided to make significant changes to the composition and organization of statistical indicators, which are intended to inform the Department of Protection and Escort of the Federal Penitentiary Service about service dogs of institutions of the penal system. Problems in the field of breeding German Shepherds have aroused the interest of specialists in service dog breeding to dogs of other breeds that differ in the presence of universal abilities, in particular to Rottweilers and Belgian shepherds (Malinois). The article emphasizes the importance of collecting, processing and analyzing statistical information about the number of dogs of these breeds.

To objectively determine the role of assets in the business of commercial organizations, to measure their value, it is important to disclose their functional purpose and use the appropriate tools for its evaluation. Goal. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and develop tools for assessing the functional purpose of assets of commercial organizations. In the course of the research, the works of Russian and foreign authors were studied, classified into those who identify assets and financial resources (N.I. Berzon, I.A. Blank, G.S. Gabidenova, A. Damodaran, V.V. Kovalev, V.V. Korshunov, M.V. Livson, M.R. Matthews, M.H.B. Perera, M.A. Eskindarov) commercial organizations, and vice versa. Recognition of assets as an independent economic category necessitates the formation of tools for their assessment in commercial corporate organizations. Based on the analysis of debatable aspects, the functional purpose of assets of commercial organizations is determined, including: measurement of the value of the organization’s economic turnover; characteristics of accumulated potential; participation of assets in achieving sustainable capital formation; protection against the risk of loss of liquidity by highly liquid assets exceeding the min mark, guaranteeing the safety margin of equity; production; influence on the level of risky activity of the organization; direct participation in the assessment of its financial condition. As a result, a methodological toolkit for assessing their functional purpose has been developed, which provides for the distribution of the established ranges of values of financial indicators describing the functional role of assets by phases of the economic cycle (the participation of assets in achieving sustainable capital formation - the stability of sources of asset formation, financial tension, autonomy; production - indicators of turnover and profitability of assets; influence on the level of risk activity - capital multiplier, the share of the most risky and non-performing assets in their total aggregate, etc.) based on the professional judgment of specialists.

The article analyzes the topical issues of the implementation of digitalization in fiscal management, revealing the development of digital resources applied by Federal Tax Service that advances accountability in the sphere of taxation. The article reasonably states that it is still difficult to foresee all the risks of digital transformation but observing the priority of the digital principles it is possible to avoid these risks in the nearest future. This study substantiates the prospects of further development of digitalization in fiscal management.

This article is devoted to the contribution to the development of Russian accounting by one of the outstanding scientists of the XX century Alexander Pavlovich Rudanovsky. Particular attention is paid to balance sheet as a central category in the researcher’s works. In Rudanovsky’s works the balance sheet can be considered as a model in the modern sense of economic relations. Despite the fact that Rudanovsky’s ideas were not subsequently developed by Soviet economists, they were highly appreciated and inspired post-Soviet researchers to updated concepts. Thus, the study of its theoretical provisions remains relevant.

The paper analyzes the directions of using the budgetary funds of local governments, which made it possible to identify the main items of their expenditures. This study is aimed at identifying the main directions of local government spending for various types of municipalities, at determining the sufficiency of funds allocated for socially significant areas. The general situation in terms of the sufficiency of financial resources made it possible to characterize the results of calculations, both of the main areas of expenditure obligations, and of total expenditures at constant prices. An analysis of the structure of budget expenditures for different types of municipalities made it possible to identify the main expenditure components in local budgets of various types. The results of the performed analysis will be useful for determining the directions for improving the fiscal policy in order to achieve the required level of spending in the most important socially significant areas.

The movement of passengers and cargo along the Northern Sea Route requires the organization of support for navigation from many services on the continent. Ensuring the stability of the movement of passengers and cargo on high routes of the Northern Sea Route is a problem that needs a comprehensive solution. The article presents the author’s approach to the rational spatial organization of airfields in the aviation infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation necessary to achieve the goal and solve the problems of ensuring the stability of the movement of passengers and cargo on high routes of the Northern Sea Route. Both organizational and technical and economic requirements for the organization of support for the movement of passengers and cargo following the upper routes of the NSR with the use of Arctic-type helicopters are disclosed.

The relevance of paper is due that to the fact the power grid complex of the Russian Federation has a significant impact not only on the economy of the country, but also on the comfort level of citizens. The aim of the study: to analyse the problematic issues of power grid development in the Russian Federation and to propose possible solutions using the principles of «lean production». The basis of the study was formed by the works of authors: K.K. Sevostyanova, T.S. Ilyinskaya, Y.L. Alexandrov, E.V. Skubrii, Y.D. Alexandrov and others. As a result, it was concluded that part of the problems typical for the electric grid complex of the Russian Federation can be solved by creating a Unified Electronic Platform for suppliers and territorial grid organizations.