Home – Home – Jornals – Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM” 2023 number 2

The article considers the peculiarities of organisational and functional optimisation of Russian development institutions within the framework of the ongoing administrative reforms in the country and substantiates the diversity of forms and types of development institutions. A classification of development institutions is given according to various characteristics, such as the level of economic functioning, initiation, goals, and directions of state support, long-term, type of development institutions, degree of openness, as well as control over development institutions. The article examines a new stage in the optimization of Russian development institutions in the period 2021-2023. At the same time, some of the development institutions were liquidated, merged, modified, resubordinated to VEB.RF, and some of the domestic development institutions remained without significant changes. The article defines new organizational contours for managing development institutions at the present stage.

This study is aimed at determining the main sources of income for local budgets of various types, their dependence on transfers. The analysis of the structure of the total and own revenues of the budgets of municipalities was carried out. For the period 2012-2021 revenues and their main components are determined in current and constant prices, which makes it possible to characterize the dynamics of the state of budgets for the specified period. The analysis of the structure of the main components of local budget revenues by types of municipalities identifies the dependence of urban districts, municipal districts, and settlements on income received as gratuitous transfers.

The article presents the results of a study of employment of the population, which has a direct impact on the quality of life, in the context of human development as one of the directions of ensuring economic security of Russia. The state of employment is assessed from the point of view of solving the problem of reducing the level of interterritorial differentiation of socio-economic development in the context of federal districts. The authors have identified trends in the employment of the population, assessed structural shifts in the number of employed by type of economic activity, age composition, level of education, reflecting the peculiarities of socio-economic development of the country. This made it possible to formulate current directions of the influence of state policy on employment.

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of trade relations between the partially recognized post-Soviet states of the Republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia with the Russian regions in the period 2013-2021. The main sources of information are site data ru-stat.com with details by regions and groups of goods, the analysis of which allowed us to highlight the features of modern trade interactions. For example, the regional geography of Abkhazia’s imports is more diverse and constant compared to South Ossetia. In terms of exports, the most important for Abkhazia are food products, for South Ossetia - textiles.

On the basis of an empirical study, the real significance of increasing the energy efficiency of the prospective development of industrial production in the conditions of the "reindustrial turn" in the most developed countries of the world is confirmed. Using the necessary indicators that reflect the features of energy use in the development of industry, the function of the "wing" and methods of factor analysis, a grouping of the countries of the world was carried out, reflecting the place and role of each of them in the prospective industrial development for the forecast period up to 2030 and 2035. The forecasting undertaken makes it possible to justify the increase in the importance of energy in the economic growth of the world’s leading economies by reducing energy costs in the cost of manufactured products and increasing competitiveness in the new sixth technological order.

The article is devoted to the assessment of the socio-economic burden of caring for very premature babies. The developed methodology for determining the socio-economic burden is a universal tool for estimating the costs of nursing, care and rehabilitation of premature infants. The formed structure of direct and indirect costs will allow more efficient budget planning in terms of healthcare costs for premature babies.

The content of the concept of ownership as one of the earliest accounting concepts is revealed in the article. A historical analysis of the proprietary concept is carried out according to foreign and domestic primary sources. It is proven that in Russia, the proprietary concept has been developed since the end of XIX century by such authors as F.V. Ezersky, I.P. Russiyan, I.F. Valitsky, V.D. Belov, and N.I(u.). Popov. Historically, the first author’s presentation of the proprietary concept is contained in the Russian triple accounting system of F.V. Yezersky, the first publications of which can be attributed to the period starting from 1864.

The relevance of this study is related to the need to determine the main directions for the development of the Russian foreign exchange market and assess its state. Financial globalization integrates the national currency markets of countries into a single geo-economy, any economic crisis that arises in this system can acquire a worldwide scale, in this regard, and assessing the prospects for the development of the Russian currency market is a very urgent problem today. The insufficient development of the theoretical foundations for the development of the foreign exchange market makes it relevant to systematize the conceptual foundations for the development of the foreign exchange market and form a comprehensive methodological approach to its assessment. As a rule, economists study the state of the foreign exchange market through the dynamics of the exchange rate (real and nominal), while not taking into account other aspects of the functioning of the foreign exchange market (the volume of foreign exchange transactions, foreign exchange market participants, the number of foreign exchange accounts, the state of the country’s external debt, the size of gold and foreign exchange reserves, having correspondent accounts with foreign banks). The article discusses a methodological approach to assessing the development of the Russian foreign exchange market, which includes several stages. A methodology is proposed for assessing the development of the Russian foreign exchange market, which allows one to study indicators at two levels.

The periodization of the development of price collusions from the standpoint of the concept of technological modes was carried out, it was concluded that at each of the identified stages, the basic industries of the current mode were cartelized, and cases of market monopolization arose in them. Based on the theoretical essence of the process of emergence and detection of price collusion under study, a review of the conditions and factors identified by the authors that influence the potential existence of a cartel in the market was carried out.

The article presents part of the results obtained during a scientific study that was conducted in 2022 at the Research Institute of Information Technologies of Federal Penitentiary Service to improve the effectiveness of departmental statistical monitoring in the field of organizing the work of the security service to ensure the security of institutions of the penitentiary system. The publication provides a justification for the need to adjust statistical indicators of the form of departmental statistical reporting, which contains information on the results of the official activities of the canine units of the penal system within the second section informing the Department of Protection and Escort of the Federal Penitentiary Service about the service dogs of institutions. The publication contains information about the reasons and content of the changes in the specified form of departmental statistical reporting. The article notes the importance, relevance, and timeliness of adjusting statistical indicators that are used to monitor the effectiveness of the canine units of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, as well as for analysis, planning, modeling, and implementation of the main directions of management activities in this area.

The results of a sociological study of the characteristics of public trust in medical organisations in the Russian regions during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed in this article. The study is based on the paradigm of social constructivism. Such approach makes it possible to study both mental and behavioral mechanisms that shape the public trust to the medical services in crisis time. Trust is the result of communication and activity of all agents of the institution of healthcare. Patients and the medical community expect a lot not only from each other, but also from the state and the authorities. However, politicians, managers and organizers of healthcare also have internal and external barriers for their agency due to the system they manage. Considering the socio-cultural traumatization of Russian society, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the complicated socio-political situation in the world, the author comes to the conclusion that radical structural transformations in the national health care system are inappropriate for the medium term.

DevOps methodology is fairly new to Russian business, which brings with it a number of challenges in implementing the methodology as well as interpreting some of its aspects. In this paper we will discuss the main challenges that may be faced by specialists who are planning to make a transition from old to new methodologies. These problems will be considered not only from international practices and experience, but mainly from the nature of Russian business and its perception of new developments in the IT field.

The article considers the mathematical definition of the space of states of the macroeconomy, where each point represents a certain distribution of the growth of the main factors of production - labor, capital, and natural resources. We study the violation of the sustainable regime of economic development, described by the system of differential equations in partial derivatives. The phenomenon of stable development of the economy, as well as the presence of more than one stable regime of economic development, depending on political and international factors, is studied. The role of periodic development in the economy and the existence of multiple attractors that create various stable regimes are considered in detail. The various stable regimes that arise are solutions of non-linear differential equations. We study the process of the emergence of instability, when the economic number that defines a particular economy continues to increase after reaching its first critical value. A further increase in the economic number leads to the fact that periodic development becomes unsustainable. The trajectory analysis of production factors is performed by the method presented by L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz. The emerging stabilization of the economy can be broken again as the economic number approaches the next critical value; instability reappears with the advent of a new frequency. After passing through several critical values of the economic number, a stable limit cycle can appear on the torus, which is a geometric interpretation of the trajectories of economic development. The appearance of a stable limit cycle means the manifestation of synchronization of oscillations the disappearance of the quasi-periodic and the establishment of a new periodic motion. The birth of a stable limit cycle prevents the emergence of a regime of superpositions of motions of trajectories with many incommensurable frequencies.

The article considers theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the concepts of digital economy, digital transformation of the World Bank, the Higher School of Public Administration of the RANEPA, the Higher School of Economics, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO. In each approach, distinctive features and missing elements are highlighted, as well as indicator systems. The choice of a methodological approach to the concepts of the digital economy is very important and contributes not only to the definition of the essence of the terms, but also approaches to their measurement and forecasting.