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Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM”

2023 year, number 1

1.
TRENDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN RUSSIA UNDER SANCTIONS

O. P. Burmatova
Institute of the Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: green economy, best available technologies, decarbonization of the economy, sanctions and ecology, environmental challenges, strategic management

Abstract >>
The article is devoted to the analysis of the current situation in the field of environmental regulation in Russia in the context of anti-Russian sanctions and emerging new challenges related to ensuring environmental safety of economic development and sustainable development. It is shown that the main contribution to the solution of goals on the path to sustainable development is given to the green economy, which is designed not only to ensure economic growth without creating an additional burden on the environment, but also to be accompanied by minimization of the environmental and social costs associated with it. However in recent years, due to the complicated economic and political conditions, many countries have been forced to reconsider their approaches to solving environmental problems, including in the field of introducing green technologies and finding alternative ways to solve emerging problems (especially in the field of energy). at least in the short and medium term. In accordance with this, the author focuses primarily on the measures caused by the impact of sanctions on the state environmental policy, and the possible response to them from the point of view of the prospects for socio-economic development and the corresponding transformation of environmental management tools. It is shown that in Russia in recent years there have been ways to adapt the economy to the green transition, the state has intensified its activities in the field of strengthening the importance of environmental policy and expanding specific measures aimed at ensuring environmental safety. These measures, despite some of their shortcomings, testify to a noticeable shift towards awareness of the importance of environmental issues. At the same time, the sanctions announced to Russia since the end of February 2022, on the one hand, increased the motivation of Russian business for self-sufficiency (primarily technological, which will also reduce environmental risks), and on the other hand, allowed companies to use them as an argument for exemption from part of the environmental obligations. The article analyzes changes in a number of environmental requirements in the context of sanctions and assesses their possible consequences from the point of view of the medium and long term.



2.
HUMANITARIAN EXPERTISE AS A METHOD OF SOCIO-HUMANITARIAN ENGINEERING (INTRODUCTION TO THE ONTOLOGY OF HUMANITARIAN DESIGN)

S. A. Smirnov
Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: humanitarian expertise, socio-humanistic engineering, method of expertise, human-sizedness, project, projection

Abstract >>
The paper presents the conception of humanitarian expertise practice as a method. It is justified that the so-called post-non-classical situation allows coexistence of various ontologies and ontological patterns. It is presumed that these ontologies are project and human-created. The accustomed approaches of learning the world through objects and mastering the world in a necessary way are being replaced with an approach which measures, on the one hand, the constant transformation of the worlds, on the other - the metamorphoses and authors of the projects that go through their own process of changes together with human-created worlds. The article presents the method of humanitarian expertise understood as the method of socio-humanistic engineering which implies construction and alteration of social worlds and management of metamorphosis of these changes. The author demonstrates that the transition to non-classical situation of self-determination is related to the replacement of the principle of human-sizedness of the world and the principles of objectivity, rationality and cognizability of the world with other patterns: that the world is not objective, not human-scaled, not sensible or rational. It is diverse - depending on the patterns of the designer. The article presents the principle scheme of this method. It describes the situation of launch and initiation of the project aimed not only at creation of new worlds but management of the metamorphosis of the changes in the authors of these changes. It is the unique feature of humanitarian projection and social engineering that differs from previously described experience and practice of the application of the project approach, where the authors of the projects were not the subject of reflexive self-projection.



3.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

A. D. Kirillova, A. V. Popov
Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vologda, Russian Federation
Keywords: unemployment, employment, youth labor market, youth, labor market, digitalization

Abstract >>
The goal of the article lies in the analysis of the position of young people in labor market in the conditions of the digitization of the Russian economy. The carried out analysis showed that the issue of unemployment remains extremely relevant to young people in spite of their rapid downsize. As a result, a lot of them have to look for work in other specialty, appeal to informal employment and individual practices of carrying out labor activity. Although digital technologies provide additional opportunities in this regard, they can lead to impairment of labor and everyday life. Pursuant to the obtained conclusions the paper offered the measures, aimed at the assistance in employment of young people via elimination of objective and subjective barriers.



4.
SELF-POSITIONING OF THE BOOK PUBLISHING LEADERS IN RUSSIA

D. A. Ruban
South Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Keywords: business communication, publishers, content-analysis, industrial market, managerial strategies

Abstract >>
Book publishing is an individual sector of economy, which needs development of successful strategies, also communicational, in the conditions of the ongoing transformation. The aim of the article is to study self-positioning as an element of corporate communication of the leading Russian book publishing groups and publishers. The principal method is content-analysis of the relevant information blocks from the official Internet-pages of 15 leaders of the domestic book publishing. The results outline self-positioning with seven components, among which the most frequent are “Production”, “History”, and “Leadership”. Notably, some book publishers emphasize on solution of super-tasks. The companies use chiefly different sets of components, which fact implies individuality of their approaches to self-positioning. The frequency of some components is linked unexpectedly to the monopolization of the domestic book market. Generally, the use of the considered element of corporate communication by the leaders of book publishing in Russia can be judged rather mature, although successful self-positioning may require some additional components.



5.
THE EVOLUTION OF FINANCE AS AN ECONOMIC CATEGORY

V. Z. Balikoev
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: funds for its own benefit. finance, economic category, taxes, non-tax revenues, rights and obligations in financial relations, optimum taxation, social policy

Abstract >>
The article considers the history of the development of “finance” as an economic category - from the emergence of its primary forms in the Ancient World to our time. The development of the finance category is closely linked to the economic development of society and the stages of the formation of economic teachings. The contribution of each economic era and some economists to the content of finance is analyzed. In this process, the peculiarities of the contribution of Russian history as a whole and, among other things, the period of the planned economy are emphasized. The article emphasizes a simple economic truth - money must be able to collect and money must be able to spend - the state has the right to collect taxes in the budget as its economic basis, but it also has the obligation to its population to spend the collected funds for its own benefit.



6.
PRINCIPLES OF USING MULTI-VOTING SHARES IN CORPORATE CONTROL

R. O. Voskanian
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: agency relations, high-tech company, majority owner, minority owner, equity, super-voting shares

Abstract >>
The paper explores the motives for using multi-voting shares as a tool for forming equity of a fast-growing organization. The implementation of multi-voting shares has a significant impact on the corporate control system, the strategic decisions-making. At the same time, it allows to solve the problem of financing a young organization due to limited internal resources and limited access to borrowed funds. The author has formulated the principles of corporate control through multi-voting shares, taking into account the specifics of strategic management of a fast-growing organization. These principles can be applied by organizations of any sectors of the economy at the time of the establishment of a legal entity using multi-voting shares. The application of these principles can increase the investment attractiveness of a fast-growing organization due to the predictability of the corporate control system aimed at creating favorable conditions for providing investors with capital gains.



7.
CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES IN ACCOUNTING OF ORGANIZATIONS: SCOPES, ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF USE

V. O. Berdichevskaya
Yaroslavl State University named after P.G. Demidov, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
Keywords: cloud technologies, cloud computing, cloud technologies in accounting, accounting, cloud storage, cloud services, Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, Software as a Service

Abstract >>
This article is devoted to an overview of the areas of application of cloud technologies in the accounting of organizations. In particular, the types of cloud storage are considered, the types of cloud services are highlighted and the advantages of using cloud technologies in the organization of accounting are considered. The introduction of cloud technologies is advisable both for large organizations, in order to optimize the costs of maintaining the IT infrastructure, and for small and medium-sized businesses that do not have the opportunity to deploy their own infrastructure. The growing interest in cloud technologies is associated with the economic effect of their use.



8.
RAILWAY ENGINEERING AND PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC TRAINS IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION

V. N. Borisov, D. A. Plotnikova
Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: railway engineering, electric train, developing import substitution, active import substitution, localization of production, innovation-intensive development

Abstract >>
The article is devoted to topical issues of import substitution in the railway engineering market of the Russian Federation. The authors consider possible scenarios for further development of the sector in the context of large-scale sanctions pressure. The study describes the opportunities and risks of developing and active import substitution for the scope of passenger electric trains. The starting conditions of promising options for the supply of products to the Russian market are analyzed. The necessity and importance of state support of domestic railway engineering and its structural branches for strengthening the interconnections of related sectors of the economy are noted.



9.
THE ROLE OF THE FAR EASTERN MACROREGION IN KEEPING THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF RUSSIA WITH THE COUNTRIES OF THE ASIAN REGION

Z. U. Medzhidov
Dagestan State University of National Economy, Makhachkala, Russian Federation
Keywords: Far East, Asia, Asian countries, partners, interaction

Abstract >>
Today, Russia is developing longstanding foreign economic relations with many countries of the Asian continent, with some of which there is an impressive land and sea border. For the further development of relations with these states, it is necessary to take into account the current trends in their development, including their new integration formats, primarily operating on the Asian continent. The purpose of the article is to explore the role of the Far Eastern macroregion of Russia in maintaining the economic potential with the countries of the Asian region. The subject of this study is the organizational and economic relations that arise in the process of interaction between Russia and, in particular, the Far East region and Asian countries. The work used general scientific research methods (consistency, comparison, analysis). The results of the work include the systematization of promising areas of cooperation between Russia and the Far East with Asian countries, as well as an analysis of the current state of interaction between countries in the trade market. The results of the study can be used by the authorities for foreign economic activity in the context of the development of the Far Eastern macroregion.



10.
CUSTOMER-ORIENTED APPROACH TO COMPETITIVE APARTMENT BUILDING MANAGEMENT SERVICES

A. V. Svistunov1, I. A. Torchin2
1Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs, 2 Production Association Murom Machine Building Plant Murom, Russian Federation
2Production Association Murom Machine Building Plant, 2 Production Association Murom Machine Building Plant Murom, Russian Federation
Keywords: management of apartment buildings, managing organization, customeroriented service, quality targets, competitiveness

Abstract >>
The article addresses the issue of providing a competitive service in the field of apartment building management. An overview of housing management practices is presented. Management organizations do not provide the required level of competitiveness in terms of the ratio of quality indicators and tariff value. This problem causes consumer discontent. A comprehensive system of target indicators for the quality of services for managing apartment buildings is proposed within the framework of a client-oriented approach to servicing by managing organizations. It is aimed at achieving the required level of competitiveness in this area.



11.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF COMPANIES’ ACTIVITIES AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION IN CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND RESTRICTIVE MEASURES

L. I. Sachenok
Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
Keywords: socio-economic development, financial activity, analysis of factors, income, expenses, valuation companies in the digital and IT sectors, telecommunications

Abstract >>
The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that in a market economy, the analysis of income, expenses and financial results of business structures allows us to assess the effectiveness of activities, as well as to identify the main trends in its development and ways to improve economic activity. In this paper, the author conducted a structural and dynamic analysis of income, expenses and financial results of the telecommunications market of the Russian Federation. And accordingly, the dynamics and structure of the number of users with broadband Internet access in Russia are analyzed. The effectiveness of the organization’s activities for the development of directions for the improvement and development of the telecommunications market is investigated and evaluated.



12.
CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT DISEASES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

P. V. Galushin1, E. N. Galushina2
1Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
2Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: socially significant diseases, cluster analysis, R, Kruskal -Wallis test, Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison

Abstract >>
Socially significant diseases still remain a public health problem in the Russian Federation, and various departmental targeted programs have been approved to counteract these diseases. This article attempts to implement such a classification. As a result of cluster analysis, five clusters were identified. Among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, clusters can be identified quite confidently in terms of the incidence of socially significant diseases (for most of these diseases, there are statistically significant differences between the identified clusters). The identified clusters also have a fairly noticeable geographical commonality: in general, the clusters are grouped according to the degree of remoteness from Moscow.



13.
TYPOLOGY OF ADAPTATION OF COMPLEXITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF ORGANISMIC APPROACH

M. A. Alekseev1, E. V. Freydina1, L. K. Serga1,2
1Siberian Institute of Management - Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
2Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: adaptation, organismic approach, complexity, socio-economic systems, typology, sustainable development

Abstract >>
The sustainable development of socio-economic systems, of any class of complexity and principally unstable due to acceleration of changes, growth of uncertainty, turbulent manifestations and chaos in the external environment, is a dominant paradigm of modern times. The initial point contains explicit contradictions and the scientific world drew a conclusion: the survival and development of socio-economic systems in the established conditions would require the transition of their activity to the mode of daily adaptation to complicated reality. The article offers the notion of adaptation as a necessary, directed change, which provides sustainability, growth and development of the system within the reached norm of reaction and through compensation effect. It was shown that the changes are diverse and it leads to a variety of adaptation actions and a need for their typological grouping. In accordance with the laws of evolution, adaptation is a universal property of biological systems which allows them to enter a sustainable state, grow and develop in time and space. The organismic approach was added to the research of socio-economic systems because of the search for isomorphism in adaptive actions of the two systems of different nature. The goal lies in the revelation of capabilities to adaptation of biological systems and their typology, as well as in the porting of accumulated knowledge to the theory of adaptation of socio-economic systems. The article presents the typologies of adaptation of complexity (network, system integration, business ecosystems) systems, built on two metatypes of adaptation: systematic - genotypical alike, environmental - phenotypical alike.



14.
DIGITAL WARFARE: CONCEPT, GENESIS, PROBLEMS OF DEFENSE OF NATIONAL INTERESTS OF STATES

A. S. Ermakov1,2
1Insales Rus LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation
2Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: digital warfare, information security, organized cyber-attacks, vulnerability, digital sovereignty, critical infrastructure

Abstract >>
Digital warfare is an evolutionarily new stage in the realization of state military interests by transmitting military actions into the digital space. To date, Russia has formed and continues to develop a centralized model of information security management in the digital economy, which fits into an already well-established vertically integrated model of public administration, but an important feature of its effective functioning is the need for deep penetration into the information environment of each citizen, businesses and non-profit organizations, and this leads to panic moods in society and further increases the instability of information.