Home – Home – Jornals – Chemistry for Sustainable Development 2022 number 5

The history of processes for obtaining synthetic fuels by liquefying coals is described. Coal processing technologies are analyzed since the time of F. Bergius up to the present day. Modern hydrogenation processes are described. The basics of single-stage coal liquefaction technologies are described: Kohleoel (Ruhrkohle, Germany), NEDOL (NEDO, Japan), H-Coal (HRI, USA), Exxon Donor Solvent (ExxonMobil, USA), and Solvent Refined Coal (SRC-I and SRC-II, Gulf Oil, USA), as well as two-stage technologies for producing synthetic liquid hydrocarbons from coal: Brown Coal Liquefaction (NEDO, Japan), Catalytic Two-stage Liquefaction (DOE, HTI, USA), Integrated Two-stage liquefaction (Lummus, USA) , Liquid Solvent Extraction (British Coal Corporation, UK), Supercritical Gas Extraction (British Coal Corporation, UK). The scientific foundations of the processes for obtaining biochars from different kinds of biomass by means of hydrothermal carbonization are described. The existing technologies based on this process are indicated. The possibility to upgrade modern coal chemistry in line with “green chemistry” by integrating biomass and the products based on it into coal chemical processes is shown.