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Geography and Natural Resources

2019 year, number 4

THE FISH COMMUNITY IN LAKE IMANDRA (KOLA PENINSULA)

I.M. KOROLEVA, P.M. TERENTYEV
Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 184209, Apatity, Akademgorodok, 14a, Russia
koririn@yandex.ru
Keywords: ихтиоценоз, популяция, лососевые, сиговые, рыбный промысел, Субарктика, ichthyocenosis, population, salmons, whitefishes, fishing industry, Subarctic

Abstract

Results of long-term observations of the state of the fish community in the subarctic Lake Imandra are presented. The his tory of relevant ichthyological research is briefly outlined. An analysis is made of the changes in the composition of the ichthyo cenosis and biological characteristics of valuable fish species. It is shown that a total of 17 fish species inhabited the lake, and two of them were invaders. It was found that the construction of Niva HPP-2 involved disturbances to the migration route of Atlantic salmon to the lake for spawning, which led to its exclusion from the ichthyofauna. In aquaculture, rainbow trout (mikizha), Siberian sturgeon and sterlet are reproduced. Mikizha and previously reproduced carp has become naturalized in the lake. The dominant role in the ichthyocenosis and resource importance is played by representatives of the arctic freshwater faunistic com plex: whitefishes and European smelt. The retrospective dynamics of organized (industrial) catch of commercial species indicates its decrease by more than a factor of 20. At the present stage the structure of commercial capture fisheries production is domi nated by European smelt. In conditions of anthropogenic eutrophication, the number and the size characteristics of low-value eurybiont species increase. An increase in longevity and maximum (limiting) size-weight characteristics of vendace, ruff and smelt was recorded. There is a decrease in the proportion of whitefish and salmon species valuable to humans, and arctic char has almost disappeared. All this indicates a decrease in the resource potential of the surface waters of the region.