THE GEOECOLOGICAL STATUS OF ABIES HOLOPHYLLA PLANTATIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE RESTORATION OF CONIFEROUS-BROADLEAVED GEOSYSTEMS OF RUSSKII ISLAND
K.S. GANZEI1, A.G. KISELYOVA1, N.F. PSHENICHNIKOVA1, M.S. LYASHCHEVSKAYA1, I.M. RODNIKOVA1, O.N. UKHVATKINA2, S.G. YURCHENKO1
1Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, ul. Radio, 7, Russia
geo2005.84@mail.ru
2Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka, 159, Russia
ukhvatkina@gmail.com
Keywords: ландшафты, лесовосстановление, дендрохронология, тяжелые металлы, голоцен, спорово-пыль цевые комплексы, landscapes, forest restoration, dendrochronology, heavy metals, Holocene, spore-pollen complexes
Abstract
An analysis is made of the geoecological state of Abies holophylla plantations on Russkii Island. The restoration process of coniferous-broadleaved geosystems is characterized by using, as an example, the model area of Abies holophylla plantations in the southeastern part of the Sapernyi Peninsula. On the basis of a set of field, geobotanical, soil, dendrochronological, lichenological and landscape investigations, it was established that a favorable geoecological situation is evolving in the study area. It is determined that the values of hazardous chemical elements in the soil and in the tree needles are much lower than the maximum allowable concentrations, and the fir forest over the course of its existence has not experienced negative impacts which could adversely affect its status and the forest restoration process. Dendrochronological analysis showed that the curve of radial growth corresponds to a normal growth process of successfully developing trees over 30 years. The lichen species diversity within the Abies holophylla plantation and its surroundings is higher than average for the island; rare species also occur. In spite of the optimal conditions for the growth and a favorable environmental situation, negative anthropogenic impacts were recorded. Evidence for illegal felling of Abies holophylla was observed in December. Palynological analysis of soft sediments showed that coniferous species, including Abies holophylla, formed part of forest vegetation of Russkii Island, starting, at least, in the latter half of the Mid-Subboreal. It is established that coniferous-broadleaved forests were of the most widespread occurrence during a global cooling period at the interface of the Late and Mid-Holocene.
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