Home – Home – Jornals – Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia 2012 number 2

Th e three zonal complexes of clavarioid fungi at the south-eastern part of West Siberia (Novosibirsk region and Altai
Krai) were investigated. Th e steppe mycocomplex is the poorest, includes 27 species, forest-steppe richer half (56 species).
Only one species is specifi c for both of them. In contrast, the hemiboreal mycocomplex of the Salair Ridge is
considerably richer, unites 100 species, 44 of them found only here. Comparison of the taxonomic structure at investigated
mycomplexes with those of the Eastern European, Urals and East Siberian help for creating of mycogeographical
lines which are separating the West Siberian plain from the mountaine range, the Urals and Salair.

Forest communities of West Siberia have been studied on a number of latitude transects from subtaiga to north taiga.
Generally 111 moss species recorded in the communities. Th e annotated list of the species with occurrence and
characteristic of the species distribution is given.

On the mainland of Asian Russia the subgenus Picea is represented by two closely related species: P. obovata and P. koraiensis. Due to morphological similarity between them and uncertainty of the area limits of P. koraiensis in the Russian Far East, some researchers doubt its species independence. Th e paper deals with polymorphism of the main morphological characteristics on the base of which spruces of the subgenus Picea growing in the Russian Far Eastern regions are identifi ed as P. koraiensis. Assumptions of their species independence have been made.

Peculiarities of pollen formation and morphological parameters of pollen grains in 4 Picea A. Dietr. species from collection of Institute of Forest SB RAS Arboretum (Krasnoyarsk) were determined. High pollen quality of ornamental form of local species P. obovata and introduced species P. ajanensis and P. mariana has been shown. Decreased viability (71.6 %) and high frequency of abnormal grains (14.1 %) were character for P. pungens pollen.

Th e data about a genetic variability, structure and degree of diff erentiation populations of Siberian larch, Gmelin larch
and Cajanderi larch were obtained. It was established that studied species are diff ered in genetic structure, and the
most signifi cant diff erences are observed between populations of Siberian larch and group of populations of Gmelin
larch and of Cajanderi larch.

Researches of phenolic compounds Coluria geoides (Pall.) Ledeb. by methods PC, TLC and HPLC chromatographies. Contents of 15 compounds of the phenolic nature which are presented of fl avonoids, coumarins and phenolcarbolic acids was established. Th e gallic, protocatechuic and ellagic acids, coumarin, aglycons quercetin, kaempferol, glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol was identifi ed. Phenolic compounds in this plant are identifi ed for the fi rst time.

The variability of the morphological features of plants Astragalus austrosibiricus (Fabaceae) at diff erent heights above sea level in diff erent years of observations was studied. Th e range of morphological variability in diff erent ecological and geographical conditions was shown. Th e complex of traits was revealed, which are characterized by high correlation coeffi cients and by set the degree of infl uence factors on the variability of some studied morphological attributes.

By method of X-ray fl yuorescencent analysis using of synchrotron radiation (RFA SI) Content of 19 chemical elements in vegetative and generative organs Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. and in soils, which he sprouts was studied. Th e change of element composition during a vegetation period is shown. Th e coeffi cients of biological accumulation of microelements (KBN) showing the degree of their concentration.

Th e objective of the research described in this paper was to evaluate genetic diversity of endemic species Hedysarum theinum Krasnob. by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis of genomic DNA. Th ree ISSR markers were used to analyze the genetic structure of two H. theinum populations from Altai Republic, Russia. Revealed high DNA polymorphism allows using ISSR technique as a powerful and effi cient approach for research an interpopulation diversity and genotype fi ngerprinting.

Th e method of studying of characteristics of the latent period for the species of the genus Viola was developed. Th e seed production, ground and laboratory germination, conditions for seed germination and dynamics of its germination were defi ned for species of section Mirabiles (V. mirabilis and V. subglabra). Th e dependence of the germination, the energy of germination and the intensity of energy of germination were identifi ed. Th e duration of preservation of seed viability were found.

Comparative analysis of leave series for two similar species of genus Euphorbia section Esula: Euphorbia borealis and E. microcarpa is performed. New leaves parameters for the more accurate diagnostics of these species are revealed and described: width and shape of lower leaves, width and shape of meddle leaves, form of the bract base, and some others.

Th e infl uence of the air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on the expression of sex polymorphism in plants Th ymus elegans Serg. was investigated in the forest-steppe of Novosibirsk Oblast.

Th e results of primary studying of 21 onion species in conditions of a forest-steppe zone of the Altai Territory are presented. Peculiarities of a seasonal development of species with the account of temperature factor are discussed. It is proved, that all the species, with the exception of A. moly, are developed normally, A. neapolitanum has low winter resistance in severe winters. Seeds quality is high. 7 species are recommended for ornamental horticulture.

Isolation of species Elymus pendulinus, E. brachypodioides and E. vernicosus is prejudiced by results of analyses of herbaria and a live material in connection with their eсological and geographical specifi city. On the basis of the revealed variation of the basic diagnostic characters the conclusion has been drawn that splitting of the complex E. pendulinus s.l. on independent species is not to be proved.

Th e fl ora of steppes of the Baikal Siberia (BS) is rich enough (666 species of high vascular plants), that is a consequence of features of a climate, orography, and also its buff er position between Northern and the Central Asia. In a variety of steppe relicts BS are in some measure refl ected palaeogeographic events in open spaces of Northern Asia throughout last 3-5 million years, from tertiary savannas and deserts to tundra-steppe landscapes of Pleistocene. Besides in an exchange and transformation of fl ora the great value had as median position of territory BS in a trans-Asiatic mountain belt, and climatic influence of Megaberingia, and also influence of glacial epoch, connected with cryoaridisation. All it has formed a basis of high uniqueness of fl ora of steppes BS. It not only the most ancient relicts of paleogen-neogen age (Peganum nigellastrum, Caryopteris mongolica, Craniospermum subvillosum), but also pleistocene periglacial (Chamaerhodos altaica, Oxytropis eriocarpa, Patrinia sibirica, Gentiana decumbens, Artemisia depauperata). Its perfect model for knowledge fl orogenesis not only in mountains of Siberia, but also the north of the Central Asia.

Species composition of the obligate fraction of psammophytic fl ora of Siberia and adjacent areas was identifi ed by the
results of fi eld study and literature data. Centers of its diversity in Siberia were singled out. Links with adjacent
regions were analyzed with the help of inclusion measures, which allowed to assess originality of the psammophytic
element of fl oras for Siberian regions. Baikal Siberia may be considered as an independent center of psammophytic
diversity of North Asia.

Th is article describes new plant association of small-leaved forests with well-developed herbaceous layer from western
part of Kuznetskaya depression. Ecology, genesis and geographical distribution of association communities are
shortly described.

Classifi cation of watershed meadow communities of Arrhenatheretalia order occurring on Tobol-Irtish and Ob- Irtish watersheds (subtaiga subzone) was made according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. 3 associations and 4 subassociations of alliance Festucion pratensis were described. In this area meadow communities on abandoned arable lands predominate. Meadow communities on zonal soils belong to the association Cirsio setosi-Phleetum pratensis. It is represented with 3 subassociations. In the western part of studied area (Tobol-Irtish watershed) on sandy weakly-acidic soils meadow communities of Loto corniculati-Agrostietum tenuis dianthetosum deltoidis subassociation with Agrostis tenuis as dominate are common. Th e meadows of Aegopodio podagrariae-Phleetum pratensis association occur in the eastern part of studied area (Vasyugan plane of Ob-Irtish watershed). Th ey are situated in small depressions and at forest edges. Under anthropogenic pressure (haying) they replace forest meadow (Geranio bifolii-Brachypodietum pinnati) association.

Th e description of the association Carici aquatilis-Juncetum brachyspathi Taran et Tyurin ass. nov. (Phragmito- Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novak 1941, Magnocaricetalia Pignatti 1953, Magnocaricion elatae W. Koch 1926) is given. Th is association occurs in mouth sors of the Ob River tributaries within the limits of the middle taiga subzone.

Th e characteristic of suburban communities containing brakes in the grass stand is given. Transformation of their
species composition under anthropogenic infl uence and response of brakes to diff erent degrees of load are shown.

Mooseberry (Viburnum edule (Michx.) Rafi n.) is cultivated at Botanic garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (Saint-Petersburg) since 1999, it is winterhardy and produces fruits. Th is threatened arboreal species is recommended to be included into the forthcoming edition of the Red Data Book of Russia as vulnerable species. Taking in mind its value and promising qualities for gardening and horticulture it is recommended into wider cultivation which will promote its ex situ conservation.

Intensive use of the rare species Hedysarum theinum habitats in the Altai Republic for cutting, overharvesting of red root for medicinal raw material and slow rate renewal may lead this species to extinction. Creation of artifi cial populations of this voluable plant will help obtaining raw material for medicinal preparations, as well as reintroduction of the plant to natural localities.

Th e gardener of Imperial Forest Institute Egbert Wolf (1917) tested the largest amount of woody species at Saint-
Petersburg, with 46 species which now are included into the Red Data Book of Russian Federation. Till recently the
main ideas on winterhardiness of woody exotic plants have been based on Wolf s data. In conditions of the warming
of the climate which has strenthened since the end of the 1980s, the amount of non-hardy species has diminished, at
the the same time the amount of hardy species has enlarged. Th ere are more species which reach its reproductive
state, and 4 of them produce the self-sowing.