Home – Home – Jornals – Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia 2021 number 2

The paper presents data from a population-based study of a rare plant species Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall. in the Volgograd region on the basis of the study of 2012-2017 on the territory of the Cretaceous outcrops of the Middle Don. The habitat of the species was characterized, ontogenesis, age composition of coenopopulations, and abundance are determined. It has been established that different communities of coenopopulations of a given species are characterized by similar indices of abundance, density, and level of generativeness. Different levels of vitality of individuals in these coenopopulations are due to interspecific competition and the degree of anthropogenic load. Due to the peculiarities of the ontomorphogenesis and life strategy of H. grandiflorum, these factors lead to a decrease in the bank of seeds and seedlings. A low level of self-maintenance of cenopopulations and the death of individuals due to mechanical damage lead to the loss of a rare species from steppe phytocenoses.

We studied the flowering biology of perfect and staminate flowers, the sequence of flowers blooming in umbellets and umbels in Chaerophyllum aromaticum L., a biennial or perennial taproot polycarpous herb. Our observations used generally accepted methods for studying flowering biology in the Moscow region in 2017-2019. The flowering sequence of umbels in C. aromaticum synflorescence corresponds to the “Chaerophyllum prescottii” blooming model described in the literature. According to this model, the stigma phase of flowers on shoots of the same order coincides with the staminate phase of flowers on shoots of the next order. So, the geitonogamy does not exclude between flowers of umbels on shoots of different orders. The perfect flowers are strongly protandrous, their anthers mature and are exposed much earlier than their stigmas. So, in perfect flowers, the possibility of transferring their own pollen to the stigmas (and therefore also autogamy) is completely excluded. In perfect flowers, the stigma phase is longer than the staminate one: the first lasts 2-3 days, while the second lasts only 1 day. The lifespan of perfect flowers - from opening the anthers of the stamens to the end of the stigma phase - is 5-7 days, and 1 day for staminate flowers. The lifespan of C. aromaticum flowers directly depends on their sexual form and location in synflorescence. The lifespan of perfect flowers decreases in the direction from the peripheral umbellets to the inner ones within the umbels, with an increase in the branching order of the shoot. Each umbellet and umbel goes through three phases consecutively: staminate, simultaneous functioning of male and female generative structures, and stigma. Thus, these phases are not clearly demarcated in time, and it does not completely exclude geitonogamous pollination within umbellets and umbels on shoots of the same order. The perfect and staminate flowers of C. aromaticum are characterized by a morning opening rhythm with a maximum at 9 am.

The studies were carried out as part of the “Flora of Uzbekistan” project. When conducting a critical audit of the species of the families Heliotropiaceae and Boraginaceae for the next volume “Flora of Uzbekistan”, the Herbarium collections of LE, MW, TASH, AA, TAD, NS, NSK, ТK, P were studied. As a result of these studies, two genera Borago L. and Eritrichium Schrad. ex Gaudin, and 11 species, new to the flora of Uzbekistan: Borago officinalis L., Echium maculatum L., Eritrichium pseudostrictum Popov, Lappula duplicicarpa Pavlov, L. fruticulosa Ovczinnikova, L. mogoltavica Popov ex Czuk., L. tianschanica Popov ex Zakirov, Myosotis asiatica (Vestergr.) Schischk. et Serg., M. krylovii Serg., M. sparsiflora J.C. Mikan ex Pohl., Rochelia claviculata Popov et Zakirov, for previously identified species Lappula barbata (Bieb.) Guerke, L. caspia (Fisch. et C.A. Mey.) Popov ex Dobrocz., L. kulikalonica Zakirov, Lepechiniella arassanica (B. Fedtsch.) Popov, Myosotis imitata Serg., Rindera echinata Regel localities are cited for the first time are given. The annotated list of genera and species is given in alphabetical order. For each species, a link is given to the first description and the main publications on the flora of Uzbekistan, the original label of new locations is cited with an indication of the area and a link to the storage location, information on ecological features and general distribution is given, diagnostic signs are discussed, information on type samples is cited. The lectotypes of the names Lappula barbata and Lepechiniella arassanica, the neotype of the name Lappula caspia, are designated. For all taxa maps of distribution on the territory of Uzbekistan are given.

As a result of studies of the flora of the Novosibirsk Region two new species were found - Orobanche uralenses G. Beck. and Veronica pinnata L. s.l. New localities discovered for 23 rare species were detected: Alchemilla hebescens Juz., Allium schoenoprasum L., Allium vodopjanovae N. Friesen, Astragalus buchtormensis Pall., Bassia prostrata (L.) A.J. Scott s.l., Cleistogenes squarrosa (Trin.) Keng., Ephedra distachya L., Gypsophila patrinii Ser., Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb., Hemerocallis minor Mill., Hierochloe glabra Trin., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Hypericum elegans Steph. ex Willd., Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Guldenst., Melica altissima L., Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Nepeta nuda L., Orobanche krylowii G. Beck, Otites baschkirorum (Janisch.) Holub., Pilosella katunensis Tupitz., Polygala sibirica L., Stachys sylvatica L., Vincetoxicum sibiricum (L.) Decne. New localities are given for 7 adventive species that were known limited number of points: Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy, Arenaria uralensis Pall. ex Spreng., Astragalus cicer L., Lathyrus sylvestris L., Rudbeckia hirta L., Syringa josikae Jacq. ex Rchb., Ulmus laevis Pall. For Iskitimsky and Cherepanovsky districts 38 species are given that were not previously indicated in them.

Trapa natans L. s.l. is a relict species characterized by a cosmopolitan disjunctive range. The number of its populations is reducing throughout the range, and therefore it is included in many regional Red Books of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the same time, there are fragments of the range where the species is invasive. The first reliable data on the distribution of the species in the territory of Altai accounted for the first third of the XIX century. Until the beginning of the XX century, only six water caltrop localities were known in the region, however, now 32 sites have already been found. In order to reconstruct the picture of the water caltrop distribution in the Altai Territory, herbarium collections and literary sources, photo materials and own fees were used. We compiled a map of the T. natans distribution in Altai krai, which reflects the historical data as well as the present new sites for the species discovered by the authors.

As a result of long-term expeditionary studies of the poorly studied flora of the Baunt Basin (Northern Transbaikalia) 27 locations of 15 species of rare and located on the border of the range of plants were identified. New habitats of plants of the Red Book of Buryatia were found (three habitats of Allium altaicum and Caragana jubata, two Cypripedium macranthos and one Gastrolychnis popovii). Finding new populations of species listed in the Red Book is necessary for the effective protection measures. Thanks to the findings of species located at the border of their distribution (on the north Adenonema cherleriae, Hemerocallis minor, Ligularia fischeri, Melica turczaninowiana, Rheum rhabarbarum, Saussurea baicalensis, Veronica linarifolia on the north-west - Artemisia freyniana; on the east - Spirea alpina, on the south-east - Dryas sumneviczii, on the south - Gypsophylla sambukii) the understanding of the range structure of these species has been expanded. 6 species (Anemonastrum crinitum, Artemisia freyniana, Artemisia macilenta, Cuscuta europaea, Saussurea baicalensis, Viola variegata) were recorded for the first time in the surveyed area. It should be noted that most of the found species tend to specific habitats in the study area - these are outcrops of limestone rocks, steep rocky slopes of southern exposures, basalt stony placers, which, against the background of the dominance of cryophytic Daurian larch forests, gives specific features to this flora.

The article is dedicated to the memory of the famous researcher of the flora of Central Asia, taxonomist, botanical geographer, specialist in raw essential oil plants Serafim Nikolaevich Kudryashev. A brief analysis of his works and the main publications are given.