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Geography and Natural Resources

2021 year, number 2

DIVERSITY OF SOILS AND SOIL RESOURCES OF THE CENTRAL ECOLOGICAL ZONE OF THE LAKE BAIKAL NATURAL TERRITORY (WITHIN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA)

L.L. UBUGUNOV1, I.A. BELOZERTSEVA2, V.I. UBUGUNOVA1, A.A. SOROKOVOI2
1Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 670047, Ulan-Ude, ul. Sakhyanovoi, 6, Russia
2V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033, Irkutsk, ul. Ulan-Batorskaya, 1, Russia
Keywords: soils, spatial organization, areal distribution, Lake Baikal drainage basin, mapping, rift zone

Abstract

A diversity of soils of the Central ecological zone of the Lake Baikal drainage basin on the territory of Buryatia was revealed. It was established that soil cover consists of 38 soil types. An updated soil map of the region under study was compiled, on which 18 soil contours with the main, concomitant, and occurring types were identified. An area assessment of soil resources has been carried out. The dominant effect of the vertical zonality on the soil spatial distribution is shown, which is most clearly pronounced in high and middle mountains. It has been established that immature soils, such as lithozems and petrozems (Regosol and Leptosol) with associated soils prevail in the alpine part, as well as gleyzems (Gleysols) with peat-gleyzems (Histic Gleysols) and peat-lithozems (Histic Regosol). More than a half of the territory under study is occupied by soils of the middle mountains. The soil cover there is quite complex in composition, and podburs (Ferric Umbric Podzols), Burozems as well as Podzols, sod-podzols (Folic Podzols), sod-podburs (Ferric Folic Umbric Podzols), etc. are the most widespread. Podzols and gleic-sod-podzols (Folic Gleyic Podzols) with accompanying sod-podzols (Folic Podzols) and sod-podzolic-gley (Folic Gleyic Retisols) soils are predominant soils of low mountains. In the intermontane depressions, the dominant position belongs to Gray metamorphic soils (metamorphic Folic Umbrisols), sod-podburs (Ferric Folic Umbric Podzols) with sod-gray soils (Folic Umbrisols) as well as humus psammozems (Mollic Arenosol). In floodplains, estuaries, and river deltas, various complexes of alluvial soils: dark humus (Umbric Fluvisols), dark humus gley (Umbric Gleyic Fluvisols, layered alluvial (Fluvisols), sod-gley (Folic Gleyic Fluvisols), peat-gley (Histic Gleyic Fluvisols) etc. are formed. Peat eutrophic soils (Histosols) and peat-gleyzems (Histic Gleysols) occur on swamp massifs as well as peat-gley soils (Folic Gleysols) and peat-cryozems (Histic Cryosols). Lakeside territories are predominantly occupied by dark humus gley (Gleyic Phaeozems) and peat eutrophic soils (Histosols). It was found that saline soils are virtually absent.