QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INTENSIFICATION FACTORS FOR DEBRIS FLOWS DURING 2006-2019 ON THE SLOPE OF THE AIBGA RIDGE (WESTERN CAUCASUS)
S.V. SHVAREV1,2, S.V. KHARCHENKO1,3, V.N. GOLOSOV1,3,4, M.I. USPENSKY3
1Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, per. Staromonetnyi, 29, str. 4, Russia
2Schmidt Institute of the Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123242, Moscow, ul. Bol’shaya Gruzinskaya, 10, str. 1, Russia
3Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, GSP-1, Leninskie gory, Russia
4Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, ul. Kremlevskaya, 18, Russia
Keywords: anthropogenic transformation of the landscape, intensification of exogenous processes, changes in runoff, remote sensing data, DEM, Mzymta, Rosa Khutor
Abstract
Starting in 2006, active development of the slopes of the Aibga Ridge (area of the settlement of Krasnaya Polyana) in connection with the construction of sports and tourist facilities has led to changes in land use patterns, which promoted an intensification of exogenous processes, primarily debris flows, presenting a threat to engineering facilities and human safety. On the basis of using remote sensing data: high resolution satellite images, ortho-images from aerial photographs as well as digital elevation models constructed on their basis, the main types of anthropogenic disturbances and manifestations of exogenous processes were monitored for 2006 and 2019 for the hierarchical subordination of a series of test areas: the polygon (the area S = 25 km2), the basin of the Sulimovskii brook (S = 6,9 km2) and the key area on the catchment of the Chernyi brook (the right tributary of the Sulimovskii brook) (S = 0,8 km2), the upper reaches of which approach the engineering facilities of the Rosa Khutor health resort. As a result of the comparison, the dynamics of the associated spatial development of anthropogenic forms and natural processes is estimated. It was found that in the study area during 2006-2019 the anthropogenically transformed areas increased, on the average, more than by a factor of 5 reaching 25-30 %, and 50 % for the individual basins. The areas of exogenous processes increased qualitatively (according to the types of processes) and quantitatively (more than by a factor of 7, on the average), the contribution from which for the entire polygon reached 0,8 and 4 % of their area for separate watersheds. Anthropogenic changes in land use patterns promoted an increase in the overland runoff of water by a factor of 2, which led to a dramatic enhancement in erosion, landslide and related processes of slope runoff, resulting in an increase in recurrence of landslide-caused floods.
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