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Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia

2021 year, number 1

1.
CRITICAL NOTES ON KINSHIP GROUP LAPPULA SUBCAESPITOSA (BORAGINACEAE)

S.V. Ovchinnikova
Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, 101, Zolotodolinskaya str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Boraginaceae, Lappula, new species, areal, endemic, typification, Syrdarya Karatau, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan

Abstract >>
In connection with the taxonomic revision of the species of the genus Lappula Moench in the flora of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, a related group of L. subcaespitosa from the series Tianschanicae Popov ex Ovczinnikova of the section Microcarpae (Popov) Ovczinnikova was identified, which requires critical study. Analysis of all herbarium materials stored in LE, MW, TASH, AA, NSK, TK, KUZ Herbaria, including type specimens and new collections from the South Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan, from the territory of the Sairam-Ugam National Park, as well as from the Boraldai Mountains included into the system of ridges of the Syrdarya Karatau, made it possible to determine the diagnostic and ecological features, as well as the area of distribution of L. subcaespitosa and L. nevskii Raenko, and also to describe the new species L. kuprijanovii Ovczinnikova for science. The absence of a holotype required the lectotyping of the name L. subcaespitosa.



2.
THE HISTORY OF THE TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE GALIUM SPECIES (RUBIACEAE) OF ASIAN RUSSIA

E.A. Pinzhenina
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Galium, Rubiaceae, historical overview, system of genus, Asian Russia

Abstract >>
The history of the taxonomic study of species of the genus Galium L. (Rubiaceae) in Asian Russia is considered. Systems of the genus and the position of species within these systems are discussed. The main systems are A.P. de Candolle, E.G. Pobedimova, A.G. Elenevsky et al. It was revealed that C. Linnaei described the genus Galium in “Species Plantarum”. The first system of the genus was developed by A.P. de Candolle, in which he distinguished 13 sections. The system of the genus, proposed by E.G. Pobedimova, includes 93 species, united in 11 sections, 5 subsections and 19 series. E.G. Elenevsky et al. revised the volume of a number of sections, described 3 new sections, and one section was given as a new combination. Their system of the genus Galium contains 46 species, which are distributed in 21 sections. G. Gmelin, C. F. Ledebour, N.S. Turczaninow, K.J. Maximowicz, V.L. Komarov, P.N. Krylov, N.N. Tsvelev. It is shown that regional floristic summaries have expanded knowledge about the morphology, geography and ecology of species of the genus Galium in Asian Russia.



3.
ALGAE MINERAL SOURCE NOGAN-KHOL (TUVA, RUSSIA)

Y.V. Naumenko1, Ch.D. Nazyn2
1Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Tuvan State University, Kyzyl, Russia
Keywords: Tyva, source, argan, algoflora, Cyanoprokaryota, Bacillariophyta

Abstract >>
For the first time provides information on the mineral source located in Taganskiy basin, the Republic of Tyva. The list of algae includes 88 species belonging to 40 genera, 27 families and 4 divisions. The basis of the algal flora are diatoms. Dominant Achnanthidium minutissima, Diatoma mesodon, D. hiemale, and Meridian circulare were identified. An ecological and geographical analysis was carried out, according to which the algoflora is represented by benthic species, with a predominance of indifferent forms in relation to halobicity and active reaction of the environment. 74 saprobionts were detected in the studied watercourse. Geographically, cosmopolitans and boreal species dominated.



4.
VISCUM COLORATUM (SANTALACEAE) - COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

N.V. Petrova, A.L. Budantsev
Komarov Botanical Institute Russian, RAS, St-Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: Viscum coloratum, diarylheptanoids, lectins, viscotoxins, defensins, flavonoids, lignans, biological activity

Abstract >>
A review of Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai (Santalaceae) about its chemical composition, biological characteristics and pharmacology has been made. It was shown, that along the rich set of secondary metabolites among phenolic and others compounds, V. coloratum accumulates N-containing - lectins, viscotoxins, defensins and ect., and accumulates particular diarylheptanoids, lignans, chromones, which were not characteristic for other plants. Structural formulas of the majority of components are given in this paper. Collected information about biological activity of the extracts and individual components, confirmed expediency of using V. coloratum, in standart practice medicine.



5.
ANATOMO-MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HEMEROCALLIS MINOR (HEMEROCALLIDACEAE) UNDER THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

L.L. Sedelnikova, L.R. Cheltygmasheva
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Hemerocallis minor, introduction, development rhythm, organogenesis, biomorph, monocarpic shoot, leaf anatomical structure, Western Siberia

Abstract >>
The results of studying Hemerocallis minor during introduction in the forest-steppe conditions of the Novosibirsk region are presented. The features of seasonal development taking into account the temperature factor are considered. It was found that in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, the flowering of H. minor occurred at the sum of positive temperatures of 703.5-828.0 °C. Information about the organogenesis of monocarpic shoot is given. It is shown that the generative shoot is laid in the year preceding flowering. In the pre-winter period, its condition is characteristic of the sixth-seventh stages of organogenesis. The life form of H. minor in the conditions of introduction belongs to short-rooted perennials, with a monopodially increasing axial shoot system of the rosette type and erect elongated generative shoots. The adventitious root system is formed by two types of roots: feeding and storing. The morphological description of seeds, their germination and productivity is presented. It is noted that seeds after 25-day stratification at a temperature of 5-6 °C germinate faster than without stratification. It was found that the coefficient of seed productivity had a value of 47.7 %. Xeromesophytic features in the anatomical structure of the leaf blade are revealed. Ulicny apparatus tetrazine type. The number of stomata on the lower epidermis of the leaf is 1.5 times greater than on the upper one. A well - developed mechanical tissue, the conducting sclerenchyma and the xylem and phloem.



6.
INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION OF RED CURRANT IN SIBERIA

A.B. Gorbunov, T.A. Kukushkina, T.A. Nedovesov
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: interspecific hybridization, red currant, Ribes atropurpureum, Siberia

Abstract >>
The aim of the research was morphological and biochemical assessment of promising interspecific hybrids of breeding in CSBG in comparison with their original species and natural hybrids. Morphological features of the vegetative and generative spheres, yield and biochemical composition of fruits were studied by traditional methods. As a result of studying morphological, biological and biochemical features of interspecific hybrids of red currant created in CSBG, the possibility of effective use of wild Siberia species in breeding is shown. At the same time, special attention should be paid to Ribes atropurpureum forms selected in CSBG. According to the complex of morphological and biochemical characteristics, there were selected seven interspecific hybrids, which must be propagated and transferred to the State cultivar testing. Artificial hybrids are characterized by high yield, berry setting, content of ascorbic acid, and large fruit. A unique hybrid pool created in CSBG is the basis for further introduction and breeding.



7.
PRODUCTIVITY OF PLANT COMMUNITIES OF NATURAL FODDER GROUNDS IN THE UYUK RIVER VALLEY (TYVA)

E.Yu. Zhukova, I.N. Barsukova
Katanov Khakass State University, Abakan, Russia
Keywords: productivity, natural fodder grounds, meadows, Turano-Uyuk hollow, Uyuk river, White lakes

Abstract >>
The results of geobotanical descriptions of natural fodder grounds within the Turan-Uyuk valley were presented in the article. The most productive communities are marshy, saline and glycophytic meadows in the Uyuk river valley. There are steppe valley and dry valley meadows on the hills, as well as low productive small-grained steppes. Widespread shrub vegetation is willow, bird-cherry and caragana bush. An ecological analysis showed the prevalence of mesophytes (37.9 %), xeromesophytes (18.4 %) and hygrophytes (17.3 %). The most forward-looking fodder plants are cereals (Bromopsis inermis, Elytrigia repens, Alopecurus pratensis, Agrostis gigantea, Leymus ramosus, L. chinensis, Festuca rubra, genus Poa), steppe and swamp sedges (Carex duriuscula, C. acuta, C. cаespitosa, C. diluta) in a juvenile stage, beans (Caragana spinosa, Lathyrus pratensis, L. frolovii, Vicia cracca, Trifolium pratense, Tr. repens, Medicago falcata), motley grass (Potentilla anserina, Potentilla bifurca, Achillea asiatica, Achillea millefolium, Geranium pratense, Filipendula ulmaria, Sanguisorba officinalis). Among the swampy meadows, grass-cereal-sedges polydominant meadows (Carex caespitosa, Salix rosmarinifolia, Festuca rubra, Juncus arcticus, Alopecurus pratensis, Agrostis gigantea and various sedges) were widespread. The plant communities consisted of Equisetum palustre, Potentilla anserina, Eriophorum polystachion, Eleocharis acicularis, Deschampsia caespitosa, Hordeum brevisubulatum, Puccinellia distans were founded at the floodplain. The dry mass of the most productive swampy meadows ranged from 112.5 centners per hectare to 134.3 centners per hectare (the ones can be used as spring pastures). Halophytic communities varied greatly both morphologically and floristically (Hordeum brevisubulatum, Leymus angustus, L. chinensis, Plantago cornuti, Halerpestes salsuginosa, Saussurea amara). The dry phytomass of steppe communities (Achillea asiatica, Bromopsis inermis, Plantago major, Potentilla bifurca and Phlomis tuberosa, Geranium pratense, Fragaria viridis) is less (33.0 and 30.9 centners per hectare), than that of swampy meadows, but the species composition includes valuable fodder plants. The real halophytic meadows were consisted of groups of cereals (14.8 centners per hectare), sedges (6.2), saltwort (4.5), motley grass (5.9) and dead plants (32.8). These communities are valuable and highly productive. Glycophytic meadows (Bromopsis inermis, Elytrigia repens, Achillea millefolium, Potentilla anserina) had high productivity (46.1 centners per hectare), with motley grass (23.3) and dead plants (17.8). Biological productivity of swampy meadows varies widely - from 11.5 to 134.3 centners per hectare (dry mass), saline ones - from 40.7 to 51.5 centners per hectare. Small-grained steppes are not recommended for a cattle breeding due to severe degradation.



8.
A NEW ALLIANCE SALICI PULCHRAE-CARICION LUGENTIS FROM THE FAR NORTH-EAST OF RUSSIA

N.V. Sinelnikova
Institute of Biological Problems of the North, FEB RAS, Magadan, Russia
Keywords: tundra vegetation, classification, Braun-Blanquet approach

Abstract >>
Syntaxonomy of zonal tundra vegetation is still not clear and far from unambiguous explanation. This article presents the results of floristic classification of zonal tundra communities in the Asian Arctic tundras. These communities, widespread under automorphic conditions on the watersheds are included in a new alliance Salici pulchrae-Caricion lugentis, described from the Far North-East of Russia. This unit includes 7 associations and 2 subassotiations, based on relevees ftom Magadan region, Chukotka and Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. The classification is conducted by the Braun-Blanquet method (Westhoff, Maarel, 1978; Mirkin,1989; Dierschke, 1994; Mirkin et al., 2000). Diagnostic species of the alliance include hypoarctic dwarfshrubs, tundra graminoids and some mosses and lichens, common for southern tundra subzone, typical and subarctic tundras of the Asian sector of Russian Arctic - Aulacomnium palustre, Aulacomnium turgidum, Betula exilis, Carex lugens, Eriophorum vaginatum, Flavocetraria cucullata, Ledum decumbens, Salix pulchra, Vaccinium uliginosum, Dicranum elongatum, Dryas punctata, Hylocomium splendens, Ptilidium ciliare, Tomentypnum nitens, Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Geographically new alliance coveres the territory of boreal highlands of Czersky and Kolymsky mountain ranges, tundra zone of Sakha Republic and Chukotka to the north and east from treeline. The alliance Salici pulchrae-Caricion lugentis is not yet disposed in some higher units - order and class. It has been suggested that for higher syntaxa Carici arctisibiricae-Hylocomietea alaskani Matveyeva et Lavrinenko 2016 cl. prov. is proposed (Lavrinenko et al., 2016). To determine the syntaxonomical status of the class and proposed order new relevees from this remote territory is expected.