Pulmonary valve: contradictions in terminology and anatomy
Andrei A. Iakimov1,2
1Ural State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia, Yekaterinburg, Russia
ayakimov07@mail.ru
2Ural Federal University n.a. the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Keywords: gross anatomy, anatomical terminology, heart anatomy, heart valves, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery
Abstract
Data on the anatomy of
human heart valves is of a great importance for cardiac surgery, X-ray
and ultrasound diagnostics, and additive technologies in bioengineering.
This review analyzed Russian and English-written papers and presented
contradictions of terminology, macroscopic and microscopic structure,
topography of the normal pulmonary valve. The article compared such
terms as «pulmonary valve» and «pulmonary root», the approaches of
different scientific sources for naming the sinuses and leaflets and
analyzed constituents of the pulmonary valve complex. Pulmonary root
appeared us to be a distinct structure that includes the distal part of
right ventricular outlet and proximal part of the pulmonary trunk.
Interleaflet triangles and valvular commissures as well as semilunar
leaflets and sinuses of Valsalva are thought to be parts of pulmonary
valve complex. According to modern concepts, interleaflet triangles and
valvular commissures are not the same and should be distinguished. The
mouth of the pulmonary root is not surrounded with planar fibrous ring
which anybody could reveal by dissection or histology technics, so the
“fibrous ring” of the pulmonary artery is nothing more than an
anatomical myth. The paper cited morphometrical data on the perimeter,
valve diameters, sizes of semilunar leaflets and sinuses, revealed
various models of regression and correlation between the size of the
valve and body parameters. We summarized data on cell and fiber
architectonics of the valve. Terminological and morphometric consensus
in heart valves anatomy is the mandatory step on the way to the
evidence-based morphology.
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