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Contemporary Problems of Ecology

2019 year, number 6

Factors of formation of communities with Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. on the periphery of the mass distribution zone

L. A. Arepieva
Kursk State University, Kursk, Russia
Keywords: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L, сообщества, дифференциальные и доминирующие виды, экошкалы, ординация, экологические факторы, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L, communities, different and dominant species, ecological scales, ordination, ecological factors

Abstract

The aim of this work is to identify the main environmental factors of the formation of plant communities with Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. on the periphery of the mass distribution zone in the Central Chernozem region. 4 types of communities with Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. were identified in the study area. Their ecological determination is demonstrated as a result of the analysis of different species and species with the greatest activity, by identifying differences in ecological regimes of habitats and DCA-ordination of relevs. Habitat disturbance is a leading factor in the formation of studied phytocenoses. The degree of habitat disturbance affects the abundance of Ambrosia artemisiifolia . Monodominant communities with this species are formed on severely disturbed sites with sparse vegetation cover. In ruderal phytocenoses with denser herbage, ambrosia is not abundant, but can be present in them for a long time due to their periodic disturbances. Moisture of soils and substrates is the second strongest influenced factor on the differentiation of communities. The studied communities are formed on a rather wide gradient of this factor. In the study area, we identified not only xerophytic communities common in many regions of Central and Eastern Europe, but also communities emerging in coastal ecotopes with variable moisture regimes. These phytocenoses are formed in sites disturbed both under human influence and under the influence of natural factors such as river spills, heavy rains. As a result, along with xerothermic technogenic ecotopes, banks of rivers are habitats of phytocenoses with high density of Ambrosia artemisiifolia .