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Contemporary Problems of Ecology

2019 year, number 4

BIOGENIC ACCUMULATION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS BY PLANTS OF THE POACEAE BARNHART AND ARTEMISIA L. IN THE DRY STEPPE AND SEMI-DESERT ZONES OF THE SOUTH OF THE RUSSIAN PLAIN

I. Yu. Kudrevatykh, P. I. Kalinin, A. O. Alekseev
Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil of RAS, Pushchino, Russia
Keywords: биогеохимия, химические элементы, степная растительность, полупустыня, коэффициент биологического поглощения, biogeochemistry, chemical elements, steppe vegetation, semi-desert, coefficient of biological uptake

Abstract

The steppe and semi-desert landscapes of the Republic of Kalmykia and the Rostov Region (12 in total) in various ecological and geochemical conditions (rainfall, temperature, soil salinization, position in meso- and macro- relief, etc.) were studied. In selected areas samples of vegetation and soil were taken, in which Р2О5, MgO, Al2O3, K2O, CaO, TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3, S, Sr, Ba, Zn and Ni by X-ray fluorescence were measured. In the soil organic carbon (Corg), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), pH and gran size were determined additionally. To assess the absorption and biogenic accumulation of chemical elements by vegetation the coefficient of biological uptake (CBU) was calculated. For interpretation and visualization of the obtained data, the method of nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used. It was revealed that in the studied plants with varying environmental conditions the content of elements decreases in the following: Са > Al > Fe > K > S > P > Mg > Ti > Mn > Sr > Ba > Zn > Ni. It is shown that, according to aggregate characteristics, the concentrations of the studied elements in vegetation reliably differ in the above-ground part of Poaceae Barnhart, the above-ground and underground part of Artemisia L. and the underground part of Poaceae Barnhart. The highest content of Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Ba, Zn, Sr were in plants of the Poaceae Barnhart, Ca, K, P, S - Artemisia L. For the studied plant species, the coefficient of biological uptake of chemical elements above 1 was at S(1.1-12.7), Zn(0.2-6.5), K(0.1-3.9), Ca(0.1-3.5), Sr(0.1-3.0) and P(0.2-1.3).