The Structure of Hydrobiocenoses in Mineral and Thermal Springs of the Baikal Lake Region: A Review
V. V. TAKHTEEV1, I. O. EROPOVA1,2, I. N. EGOROVA3, G. I. KOBANOVA1, D. A. KRIVENKO3,4, A. V. LISHTVA1, G. D. ILYIN1,2, G. I. POMAZKOVA1, G. L. OKUNEVA1, T. Ya. SITNIKOVA5, T. E. PERETOLCHINA5, E. R. KHADEEVA6, O. G. LOPATOVSKAYA1
1Irkutsk State University, 664003, Irkutsk, K. Marx str., 1
2Baikal Museum of the Irkutsk Scientific Center, SB RAS, 664520, Listvyanka village, Irkutsk Oblast, Akademicheskaya str., 1
3Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, SB RAS, 664033, Irkutsk, Lermontova str., 132
4Federal State Institution “Zapovednoye Pribaikalye”, 664050, Irkutsk, Baikal’skaya str., 291B
5Limnological Institute, SB RAS, 664033, Irkutsk, Ulan-Batorskaya str., 3
6V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography, SB RAS, 664033, Irkutsk, Ulan-Batorskaya str., 1
Keywords: Прибайкалье, минеральные источники, горячие источники, почвы, водоросли, лишайники, сообщества зообентоса, Pribaikaliye, mineral springs, hot springs, soils, algae, lichens, communities of zoobenthos
Abstract
The available literature data and materials of own research of 14 mineral and 19 thermal springs of the Lake Baikal region conducted in 1997-2017 are summarized. Soil profiles were made, samples of water, algae, lichens, mosses, vascular plants, qualitative and quantitative samples of zoobenthos were collected. The soils in the area of springs have a short profile and chemical composition corresponding to the water chemistry, they are named “parasoils”. Two hundred fifty seven species of algae were found in mineral springs, most of them (196 species) belong to the diatoms. The lichen flora proved to be non-specific. In the mineral springs 7 species were found, in the surroundings of the thermal springs 100 lower taxa were collected. In the mineral sodium chloride springs 6 types of communities of zoobenthos were distinguished according to the dominant in biomass group of the macroinvertebrates: Gastropoda-like, Turbellaria-like, Chironomidae-like, Amphipoda-like, Psychodidae-like and Ephydridae-like. In thermal springs 4 types of communities of zoobenthos were ascertained: Gastropoda-like (with division into mono-, two- and three-dominant), Odonata-like, Amphipoda-like and Chironomidae-like. High levels of biomass appropriate to the eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes are for the most part characteristic of thermal springs. The species status of endemic to high-thermal springs mollusk Lymnaea thermobaicalica is confirmed.
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