Intrauterine growth restriction: molecular aspects of formation, prognosis for the future (review)
Nadezhda Sergeevna DOLGOVA, Svetlana Dmitrievna YAVORSKAYA, Marina Borisovna IGITOVA
Altai State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia
Keywords: задержка роста плода, молекулярные механизмы, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, неврологические нарушения, новорожденные, метаболический синдром, intrauterine growth restriction, molecular mechanisms, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, newborns, metabolic syndrome
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IGR) is one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The main mechanism underlying the delay in fetal growth is chronic placental dysfunction, in the form of a violation of adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, which leads to disruption of its growth and development. The delay in fetal growth is associated with a number of metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological disorders, respiratory diseases in early infancy and adulthood, requires long-term follow-up care and corrective therapy throughout the whole subsequent life. At present, a great interest is the study of molecular mechanisms for the formation of IGR, prenatal and postnatal complications of fetal growth retardation. The list of genetic causes of IGR grows with the development of molecular biology. In the review, we tried to cover the genetic, metabolic and endocrine factors responsible for the development of IGR. The in-depth study of the basic molecular mechanisms that form the IGR will allow expanding the range of preventive measures, diagnostic capabilities of early detection and timely correction of IGR, which will allow this group of patients to reduce perinatal morbidity, mortality and the risk of short-term and long-term consequences.
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