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Contemporary Problems of Ecology

2018 year, number 5

The West Siberian Latitudial Xylomycological Scale and Its Use for Indication of Forest Conditions

S. P. AREFYEV1,2
1Institute of Problems of Development of the North of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 625026, Tyumen, Malyginа str., 86
2Tyumen State University, 625003, Tyumen, Volodarskogo str., 6
Keywords: микобиота, дереворазрушающие грибы, природные зоны, оценка состояния леса, биоиндикация, Сибирь, mycobiota, wood-decaying fungi, nature zone, assessment of forest condition, bioindication, Siberia

Abstract

According to the quantitative account the aphyllophoroid macromycetes of a Betula-complex on 207 sites of the territory of the West Siberian Plain in the range from the forest-tundra to the forest-steppe, width and zone consistent patterns of the biota of the xylotrophic fungi are determined. It is shown that the structure of width and zone xylomycocomplexes of the region is defined, first of all, by the climatic factors which are characterized by the expressed hydrothermal gradient and influencing fungi as directly, and through formation of the forest stands corresponding to climate. The sequence of width and zone xylomycocomplex of the region is offered as a scale for indication of forest vegetation conditions and parameters of a forest stand of the concrete timberland. Possibilities of indication are expanded with differentiation of xylomycocomplex and, respectively, its width and zone scale on functional fractions of fungi (stem, peripheral and wound types). The scale is used for an assessment of a condition of the woods of the natural park “Numto” (northern taiga) and approved on its 15 various wood lots. For the characteristic of each site coefficients of correlation of numerical structure of this mycocoenosis and the zone xylomycocomplex in the range from the forest-tundra to the forest-steppe taken as in general and on functional groups are calculated. The configuration of the spectral curves of a site received thus and their mutual situation shows features of the hydrothermal mode of a site, impact on a forest stand of mechanical damages, its physiological state, completeness, site class, age. In particular, by results of the carried-out mycological indication, forest vegetation conditions of the timberland of park broken by cabins and the fires correspond to forest vegetation conditions of the zones lying to the south of the park territory. Noted regularities of the West Siberian width and zone xylomycocomplexes scale are characterized by the defined universality for a forest biome of Siberia that is confirmed by the similar regularities received when studying high-rise and zone distribution of xylomycocomplex of Transbaikalia.