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Contemporary Problems of Ecology

2018 year, number 5

Microscopic Fungi of the White Sea Sediments

A. I. KHUSNULLINA, E. N. BILANENKO, A. V. KURAKOV
Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Leninskiye Gory, 1, page 12
Keywords: грибы донных грунтов, Белое море, морские микромицеты, селективное выделение, видовое разнообразие, анаэробный рост, fungi of bottom soils, sediments, the White Sea, micromycetes, selective methods of isolation, species diversity, anaerobic growth

Abstract

The number and taxonomic structure of the complex of micromycetes are determined and the species capable of active functioning in the sediments (bottom soils) of the White Sea (littoral and at depths of 10-30 m) are revealed. The number of fungi in the soil is small (from hundreds to several thousand colony - forming units (CFU) in 1 g), and the species richness is quite significant. A total of 70 species was distinguished,, most of them (90 %) were anamorphs of Ascomycota (Capnodiales, Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Pleosporales, Saccharomycetales and Incertae sedis ) , the species of Zygomycota ( Mucoromycota ) - orders Mucorales and Umbelopsidales (8 %) and Basidiomycota - order Agaricales were less (2 %). Fungi, actively functioning in the soil were established by the ability to develop in the organic substrates (starch, cellulose, chitin, pieces of thallus laminaria), growth on media with seawater at low temperatures and at different levels of oxygen, i.e. conditions similar to those in the ecotope studied. This group of fungi includes about 20 species - Paradendryphiella salinа, Acremonium tubakii, A. potronii, Pseudeurotium hygrophilum, Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Emericellopsis sphaerospora, Oidiodendron periconioides, representatives of genera Tolypocladium, Sarocladium, Parengyodontium album, Lecanicillium muscarium. They are characteristic of the marine and cold habitats, some of them are known as chitinolytic, associates of insects and algae, many of them grow in anaerobic conditions. In some species, this ability was discovered for the first time ( Aspergillus brasiliensis, A. sydowii, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Emericellopsis sphaerospora, Oidiodendron periconioides, Pseudeurotium hygrophilum, Tolypocladium cylindrosporum, T. tundrense, Umbelopsis vinаcea , some species of the genera Penicillium and Talaromyces ). Further study is required for detailed ecophysiological characterization of marine isolates of species that can function in bottom soils.