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Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics

2018 year, number 9

1.
Coherence of pseudo-Bessel beam in a turbulent atmosphere

I.P. Lukin
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: бесселев пучок, аксикон, оптическое излучение, атмосферная турбулентность, когерентность, Bessel beam, axicon, optical radiation, atmospheric turbulence, coherence

Abstract >>
Coherent properties of diffraction-free pseudo-Bessel optical beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere are theoretically studied. The solution of the equation for the second-order transverse function of mutual coherence of the optical radiation field, derived from the paraxial approximation of the scalar wave equation, is analyzed. The behavior of the modulus and phase of the complex coherence degree, the coherence radius, and the integral scale of the coherence degree of a Bessel-Gaussian optical beam and a conic optical wave found through conic focusing of an optical beam by an axicon is studied for different parameters of the optical beam and turbulent atmosphere. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences are discovered between the studied coherence characteristics of a Bessel-Gaussian optical beam and a conic optical wave. In general, the coherence of a conic optical wave is higher than that of a Bessel-Gaussian optical beam under identical propagation conditions in a turbulent atmosphere.



2.
Assessment of the influence of turbulence and regular refraction on laser beam characteristics in the atmospheric boundary layer. Part 1. Coherence length and turbulent broadening of a laser beam

S.L. Odintsov, V.A. Gladkikh, A.P. Kamardin, V.P. Mamyshev, I.V. Nevzorova
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: атмосфера, зондирование, когерентность, лазерное излучение, содар, турбулентность, уширение лазерного пучка, atmosphere, sounding, coherence, laser radiation, sodar, turbulence, laser beam broadening

Abstract >>
The coherence length and the degree of broadening of a laser beam under the action of turbulence are estimated from the results of remote acoustic sounding of the atmospheric boundary layer with the Volna-4M sodar. The daily average profile of the coherence length in different seasons is considered. Corrections to the effective radius of a laser beam due to turbulence and the monthly average values of these corrections are calculated. A noticeable excess of the possible broadening of the laser beam in winter above that in summer is revealed.



3.
Comparative analysis of key parameters of photonic nanojets from axisymmetric nonspherical microparticles

Yu.E. Geints, E.K. Panina, A.A. Zemlyanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: фотонная наноструя, полусфера, аксикон, комбинированные частицы, photonic nanojet, hemisphere, combined particles

Abstract >>
The effect of “photonic nanojet” (PNJ) arising in the near-field scattering region on the surface of dielectric axisymmetric microparticles (hemisphere, axicon, and combined particles) under optical illumination is theoretically considered. Key PNJ parameters (length, width, and peak intensity) are numerically calculated using the method of discrete-dipole approximation; the dependence of these parameters on the geometric shape of microparticles is analyzed. We show that the use of a special type of combined transparent particles, which consists of an axicon and two attached hemispheres, allows ultra-localized light fluxes with a peak intensity considerably exceeding the corresponding values for particles of simple shapes (hemisphere and axicon).



4.
The volume fraction of the plasma filling of the region of multiple filaments formed in the air by femtosecond radiation at 800 and 248 nm

A.A. Zemlyanov, A.D. Bulygin
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: множественная филаментация, фемтосекундная лазерная плазма, перколяция, multiple filamentation, femtosecond laser plasma, percolation

Abstract >>
The volume fraction of filling of the region of multiple filamentation, formed during propagation of femtosecond laser radiation at 800 and 248 nm wavelengths in air, by plasma formations is studied on the basis of the numerical solution of the nonstationary nonlinear Schrödinger equation. It is ascertained that this fraction for l = 248 nm more than twice exceeds the corresponding values for l = 800 nm and can exceed the percolation threshold in terms of the level of plasma density required for occurrence of breakdown.



5.
Lidar investigation of wind turbulence in the presence of low-level jet in the atmosphere

I.N. Smalikho, V.A. Banakh, A.V. Falits
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: когерентный доплеровский лидар, ветровая турбулентность, низкоуровневое струйное течение, coherent Doppler lidar, wind turbulence, low-level jet

Abstract >>
The results of lidar investigation of wind turbulence in the presence of low-level jet (LLJ) in the atmospheric boundary layer are presented. From the measurements by Stream Line lidar at the Basic Experimental Complex of IAO SB RAS and on the coast of Lake Baikal, different turbulence parameters inside LLJ were estimated. It is ascertained that the turbulence is very weak in the central part of LLJ. In particular, the turbulence kinetic energy does not exceed 0.1 (m/s)2. The turbulent energy dissipation rate and turbulence integral scale within a jet stream were quantitatively estimated from lidar measurements with a relative error of no more than 12% for the first time. According to these measurements, a dissipation rate of about 10-5 m2/s3 is characteristic. From the lidar measurements on the coast of Lake Baikal, the turbulent energy dissipation rate in the lower part of a jet stream exceeds the corresponding value in the upper part of the LLJ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. In the central part of LLJ, the turbulence integral scale averages about 100 m, which is 2-3 times lower than the effective thickness of the jet stream.



6.
Effectiveness of the MFAS method for determination of wind velocity from Windcube 200s lidar measurements

A. Stephan1, N. Wildmann1, I.N. Smalikho2
1Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the German Aerospace Center, 82234, Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling Munchener Strabe 20, Germany
2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: когерентный доплеровский лидар, скорость и направление ветра, coherent Doppler lidar, velocity and direction of wind

Abstract >>
The method of maximum of function of accumulated spectra (MFAS) has been used for the first time to estimate the wind velocity from measurements with a micropulsed coherent Doppler lidar (MPCDL) during conical scanning with a probing beam. It is ascertained in an experiment with a Windcube 200s MPCDL that MFAS allows an increase in the maximum altitude of retrieval of the vertical profiles of the wind speed and direction by 30% on the average in comparison with the filtered sine-wave fitting.



7.
Variations in the temperature regime of the atmospheric boundary layer in regions with different orography

V.A. Banakh1, A.V. Falits1, A.A. Sukharev1, N.P. Krasnenko2,3, A.S. Rakov2,3
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055
2Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave.
3Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, 634050, 40 Lenina Prospect, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: пограничный слой, термическая стратификация, профилемер, градиент температуры, boundary layer, thermal stratification, profiler, temperature gradient

Abstract >>
The spatiotemporal variability of temperature in the atmospheric boundary layer has been studied comparatively in the city of Tomsk (Russia) and in the coastal zones of Lake Baikal and Lake Issyk-Kul. Measurements with an MTP-5 temperature profiler have shown that the conditions of thermal stratification of the lower 1-km air layer strongly differ in summer under urban conditions in the absence of large water reservoirs nearby and in the mountain areas on the coasts of big lakes. The types of stratification and parameters of the atmospheric boundary layer in the regions under study are detsermined.



8.
Contribution of the water vapor continuum absorption to radiative balance of the atmosphere with cirrus clouds

T.Yu. Chesnokova1, K.M. Firsov2, A.A. Razmolov2
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
2Volgograd State University, 100, prospect Universitetsky, Volgograd, 400062, Russia
Keywords: атмосферный радиационный перенос, континуум водяного пара, перистые облака, atmospheric radiative transfer, water vapor continuum, cirrus clouds

Abstract >>
The upward and downward fluxes of solar and thermal radiation are simulated for the meteorological conditions typical for midlatitude summer. The atmospheric radiative balance due to cirrus cloudiness with different depth is assessed. The sensitivity of the radiative forcing to models of water vapor continual absorption is estimated.



9.
Study of the composition of air masses of different types

O.Yu. Antokhina, P.N. Antokhin, V.G. Arshinova, M.Yu. Arshinov, B.D. Belan, S.B. Belan, D.K. Davydov, N.V. Dudorova, G.A. Ivlev, A.V. Kozlov, T.M. Rasskazchikova, D.E. Savkin, D.V. Simonenkov, T.K. Sklyadneva, G.N. Tolmachev, A.V. Fofonov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: атмосфера, аэрозоль, воздушная масса, газ, концентрация, содержание, состав, atmosphere, aerosol, air mass, gas, concentration, contents, structure

Abstract >>
Mean concentrations of gas and aerosol components in different air masses near Tomsk are calculated from long-term TOR-station monitoring data. A decrease in the CO2 and CH4 concentrations from Arctic to tropical is shown to be characteristic. An inverse pattern is observed for ozone: maxima are recorded in tropical air masses, and minima, in Arctic. The distribution of such gases as CO and SO2 is more complex.



10.
Daily variation in the radiation extinction coefficient due to midges and its dependence on meteorological parameters of the atmosphere under background conditions of summer of Western Siberia

N.N. Shchelkanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: атмосфера, коэффициент ослабления, гнус, суточный ход, лето, метеорологические параметры, Западная Сибирь, atmosphere, extinction coefficient, midges, daily course, summer, meteorological parameters, Western Siberia

Abstract >>
It is shown that the daily variation in the radiation extinction coefficient due to midges (RECM) has a morning statistically significant maximum at 09:00. This maximum is not connected with extremes of air temperature or relative humidity. The RECM maxima are observed at air temperature of 12-17 °C and relative humidity of 60-80%. Correlations between RECM and air temperature and relative humidity are statistically significant. Straight line inclination coefficients in RECM dependences on air temperature and relative humidity are -0.04 km-1/5 °C and +0.04 km-1/20%, respectively. It is revealed that the RECM maxima are observed at winds of 2-4 m/s directed from boggy forest sites, and minima, at winds of 1-4 m/s from the Ob River and dry mixed and pine forests



11.
Lidar complex for measurement of vertical ozone distribution in the upper troposphere - stratosphere

S.I. Dolgii1, A.A. Nevzorov1, A.V. Nevzorov1, A.P. Makeev1, O.A. Romanovskii1,2, O.V. Kharchenko1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055
2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Keywords: лидар, лазерное зондирование, озон, lidar, laser sensing, ozone, AURA, MetOp

Abstract >>
A lidar complex designed at V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS in Tomsk and used at the Siberian lidar station (56.5 N., 85.0 W) for the study of ozone dynamics near tropopause and for tracking global ozonosphere changes is presented. It allows measurement of vertical ozone distribution in the upper troposphere - stratosphere during sounding with the differential absorption method at wavelength pairs of 299/341 and 308/353 nm. The lidar complex covers altitudes from ~ 5 to ~ 45 km.



12.
Experimental estimation of frequency-contrast characteristics of active pulsed TV OES under conditions of enhanced aerosol medium turbidity

V.V. Belov1, Yu.V. Gridnev1, V.V. Kapustin2, V.S. Kozlov1, A.N. Kudryavtsev1, M.I. Kuryachy2, A.K. Movchan2, R.F. Rakhimov1, M.V. Panchenko1, V.P. Shmargunov1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
2Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, 634050, 40 Lenina Prospect, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: активно-импульсные телевизионные ОЭС, помеха обратного рассеяния, лабораторные эксперименты, качество изображения объектов, частотно-контрастные характеристики, миры, рассеивающие и поглощающие среды, active pulsed TV OES, backscattered noise signal, laboratory experiments, quality of object imaging, frequency-contrast characteristics, miras, scattering and absorbing media

Abstract >>
Results of laboratory experiments on the study of the influence of scattering and absorbing media on the quality of object imaging with active pulsed TV OES are discussed. It is shown that the quality of object imaging with active pulsed vision system or its frequency-contrast characteristic can be estimated by direct measurements or indirectly using the Fourier transforms of test object images or the derivatives of the functions derived experimentally. Previously formulated theoretical statement that the quality of images of objects screened by turbid media made with active pulsed OES with selection of backscattered noise signals can be almost 10 times better than that for the OES operated with laser side illumination and constantly opened receiver has been confirmed experimentally.



13.
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