Environmental Issues in Kuznetsk Coal Basin. Scientific Approaches and Technologies to Reduce Environmental Pollution
Z. R. ISMAGILOV1,2, N. V. ZHURAVLEVA3, M. A. KERZHENTSEV1, S. A. YASHNIK1, E. V. MATUS1, O. YU. PODYACHEVA1, S. R. KHAIRULIN1, N. V. SHIKINA1, I. Z. ISMAGILOV1, A. P. KOZLOV2, V. G. SMIRNOV4
1Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, SB RAS, Kemerovo, Russia
3JSC West Siberian Test Centre, Novokuznetsk, Russia
4Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: экология, мониторинг, уголь, токсичность, отходы, полициклические ароматические углеводороды (ПАУ), 2, 4, 6-тринитротолуол (ТНТ), каталитическое сжигание, блочные катализаторы, оксиды азота, гидраты метана, метан угольных пластов, ароматизация метана, углеродные нановолокна, углеродные сорбенты, ecology, monitoring, coal, toxicity, wastes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), catalytic combustion, monolithic catalysts, nitrogen oxides, methane hydrates, coal seam methane, methane dehydroaromatization, carbon nanofibers, carbon sorbents
Pages: 221-239
Abstract
Two main groups of environmental problems of the Kuzbass Coal Basin are discussed, the first group being the study of the current state of the pollution and its monitoring, and the second group scientific research and technologies for the pollution abatement. The substantiation and development of methods, approaches, and instruments providing complex and systematic determination of toxic substances having an adverse effect on the environment during extraction and processing of coals are described. The presence of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and its metabolites in the environment objects are studied in detail. The contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coals of various metamorphism are determined by the use of modern analytical methods. The composition of solid wastes of extraction and processing of coals and the distribution of mobile and water-soluble elements and organic substances in them are studied. The problem of toxic finely dispersed coal materials formed upon the extraction, transportation, enrichment, and processing of coals is examined. The composition of polluting gas emissions released from coal seams into the atmosphere is studied. For the solution of the problems of pollutants abatement a number of catalytic processes are proposed: among them catalytic combustion of fuels including low-rank coals in a fluidized catalyst bed in catalytic heat generators for the decrease of emissions of toxic nitrogen oxides and products of incomplete combustion; and technologies based on the use of monolithic catalysts for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides emissions from fuel burning plants. Main results of research of a wide number of chemical reactions of coal seam methane processing into value-added products are given: methane dehydroaromatization, oxidative coupling of methane, methane autothermal reforming and synthesis of carbon nanofibers and hydrogen from methane. Results of the study of formation of methane hydrates and approaches to their utilization are briefly discussed. The review of works devoted to the creation and study of carbon sorbents prepared from Kuzbass coals and intended for the solution of environmental problems of the Kuzbass region is presented.
DOI: 10.15372/CSD20180302
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