REGIONAL SCALES OF FIRE DANGER RATING IN THE FOREST: IMPROVED TECHNIQUE
A. V. Volokitina1, T. M. Sofronova2, M. A. Korets1,3
1V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademgorodok, 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russian Federation
2V. P. Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Ada Lebedeva str., 89, Krasnoyarsk, 660049 Russian Federation
3Siberian Federal University, Prospekt Svobodnyi, 79/10, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russian Federation
Keywords: пожарная опасность, региональные шкалы, вероятная плотность действующих пожаров, Красноярский край, fire danger, local scales, probable density of active fires, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Abstract
Wildland fires distribute unevenly in time and over area under the influence of weather and other factors. It is unfeasible to air patrol the whole forest area daily during a fire season as well as to keep all fire suppression forces constantly alert. Daily work and preparedness of forest fire protection services is regulated by the level of fire danger according to weather conditions (Nesterov’s index. PV-1 index), fire hazard class (Melekhov’s scale), regional scales (earlier called local scales). Unfortunately, there is still no unified comparable technique of making regional scales. As a result, it is difficult to maneuver forest fire protection resources, since the techniques currently used are not approved and not tested for their performance. They give fire danger rating incomparable even for neighboring regions. The paper analyzes the state-of-the-art in Russia and abroad. It is stated the irony is that with factors of fire danger measured quantitatively, the fire danger itself as a function has no quantitative expression. Thus, selection of an absolute criteria is of high importance for improvement of daily fire danger rating. On the example of the Chunsky forest ranger station (Krasnoyarsk Krai), an improved technique is suggested of making comparable local scales of forest fire danger rating based on an absolute criterion of fire danger rating - a probable density of active fires per million ha. A method and an algorithm are described of automatized local scales of fire danger that should facilitate effective creation of similar scales for any forest ranger station or aviation regional office using a database on forest fires and weather conditions. The information system of distant monitoring by Federal Forestry Agency of Russia is analyzed for its application in making local scales. To supplement the existing weather station net it is suggested that automatic compact weather stations or, if the latter is not possible, simple weather observation points should be organized in forest ranger stations and aviation bases for obtaining up-to-date weather information.
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