SOUTH RUSSIAN TRADITIONS OF HOUSE CONSTRUCTION (ON THE RESULTS OF THE MARTYANOV MUSEUM EXPEDITION IN 2015)
U.V. Svetacheva1,2
1Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, 17, Ak. Lavrentiev str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
2Minusinsk Martyanov museum, 60, Lenina str., Minusinsk, 662608, Russia
Keywords: Минусинский уезд, домостроительство, переселенцы, украинцы, Minusinsk territory, housebuilding, settlers, Ukrainians
Abstract
The objective of this article is to consider the history of development of several South Russian settlements in the Minusinsk region and their architectural traditions. The culture of South Russian resettlers is less studied than that of the old residents. It analyzes the issues related to the formation of the group of South Russian settlers in the Minusinsk uyezd; touches upon an issue establishment of several settlements; describes traditions of house construction, including the rituals of the domicile. The paper is based on the materials of expedition organized by the Minusinsk local history museum in 2015. The expeditionary work was carried out in the villages of Minusinsky, Kuraginsky, Krasnoturansky, Idrinsky Districts of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Traditional culture of the South Russian resettlers was studied during a short-term trip. The main forms of work were interviews with audio recording and photography. The majority of South Russian settlements in the Minusinsk uyezd had been formed since the late XIX - early XX centuries. Stolypin agrarian reforms largely contributed to the process of resettlement. However the first descendants from the South Russian territories came here as early as in the early XIX century. It was the time when the village of Kavkazskaya was established. The settlers were immigrants from Mogilev, Orel, Kharkov, Tambov and Poltava provinces of the Russian Empire. The buildings in the above settlements continued the South Russian architectural traditions: the immigrants used to build dugouts (zemlyankas), mud huts (mazankas, mazanuhas), trampled huts (toptankas), houses of sward layers; hutches of sun-dried bricks were also wide-spread due to the lack of building timber. To some villages it was brought from the sub-taiga areas. Houses of sun-dried bricks prevailed in those villages that had neither wood nor possibilities to import it from other areas. The author notes that some superstitions connected with housebuilding, moving home and house-warming parties (vlazyny) have survived up to our days.
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