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The journal "Ateroskleroz"

2016 year, number 1

1.
EFFECT OF SESQUITERPENE Оі-LACTONE ACHILLIN ON LEVEL OF LIPIDS AND EXPRESSI ON mRNA OF KEY GENES OF LIPID MET ABOLISM IN HEPATOMA TISSUE CULTURE (HTC)

Iu.A. Pfarger1, V.V. Ivanov1, A.V. Ratkin1, O.A. Kaidash1, M.M. Tsyganov2,3, V.S. Chuchalin1, S.M. Adekenov4, V.V. Novitsky1, N.V. Ryazantseva5
1Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050
2Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina av., Tomsk, 634050
3Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, 5 Kooperativny st., Tomsk, 634050
4JSC “International scientific- industrial holding” Phytochemistry”, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, st. M. Gazaliyev 4
5Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, 1 Partisan Zheleznyak, Krasnoyarsk, 660022
Keywords: сесквитерпеновый Оі-лактон ахиллин, гемфиброзил, культура гепатомы линии HTC, МТТ-тест, Nile Red, экспрессия мРНК, гены метаболизма липидов, sesquiterpene Оі-lactone aсhillin, gemfibrozil, hepatoma tissue culture (HTC), MTT assay, Nile Red, mRNA expression, genes of lipid metabolism

Abstract >>
Objective. To study the effect of sesquiterpene γ-lactone achillin on the lipid content and mRNA expression of key genes of lipid metabolism in the hepatoma tissue cell line HTC in the experimental hyperlipidemia. Materials and methods. The experimental hyperlipidaemia in HTC cells simulated by adding fat emulsion Lipofundin MCT/LCT at a final concentration 0.05 % to the incubation medium. After 48 h of incubating cell culture with achillin at the final concentration 500 μM the cell viability was investigated by using the MTT assay and assessed level of lipids by fluorescent vital stain Nile Red and the content of triacylglycerols (TAG) and cholesterol by enzymatic method. RNA was isolated from cells using the set Illustra RNAspin Mini RNA Isolation Kit («GE Healthcare»). The level of mRNA expression of key genes in lipid metabolism was assessed using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription by TaqMan technology. Results. Incubation cells with Lipofundin MCT/LCT (0.05%) resulted in an increase in the fluorescence intensity of Nile Red and increase the levels of TAG in cells. Achill (500 µM) had no cytotoxic effect on HTC cell and led to reduction of cholesterol and TAG in cells with hyperlipidemia induced by Lipofundin. This was accompanied by a decrease in fluorescence intensity of Nile Red dye in the cells. In the hepatoma culture achillin increased gene expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1a) and 2 (Cpt2) , 7-alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (Hmgcr) . On expression of gene acetyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (Soat1) achill had an inhibitory effect. Conclusion. Lowering of cholesterol, TAG and Nile Red fluorescence intensity in hepatoma cells in experimental hyperlipidemia under the action of achillin in the final concentration 500 µM could be caused by increase of gene expression carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and 2; 7-alpha-hydroxylase, which contributes to increase the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria, and synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol. In addition, inhibition of acetyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase helps to reduce the formation of cholesterol esters and their accumulation in the hepatocytes.



2.
ASSOCIATIONS OF WEATHER FACTORS WITH COMPLICATIONS OF HOSPITAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN SURGUT

K.Y. Nikolaev1, I.A. Urvantseva2, E.V. Milovanova2, A.A. Seitov2, G.I. Lifshitz3
1Institute of Internal and Prevention Medicine, 75/1, Borisa Bogatkova str., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630089
2District Cardiology Clinic "Diagnostic Centre and Cardiovascular Surgery", 69/1, Lenina ave., Surgut, Russia, 628400
3Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8, academician Lavrentiev prosp., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
Keywords: острый инфаркт миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST, метеорологические факторы, атмосферное давление, осложнения госпитального этапа, acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, meteorological factors, atmospheric pressure, complications of hospital stage

Abstract >>
The aim of this study was to investigate associations of meteorological factors with complications of hospital stage of acute myocardial infarction in Surgut city. 337 consecutive patients (278 men and 59 women), mean age 53,7 ± 8,9 years, with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ST-segment elevation were examined. In the group of female patients with AMI the early post-infarction angina was positively correlated with the maximum atmospheric pressure in the debut day of AMI (r = 0,294, p = 0,028). Using binary logistic regression (χ²=14,7, p=0,002) we revealed that the deaths in patients with AMI positively depends on the aged (p = 0,001), minimum level of atmospheric pressure in the period from the start of AMI to the end of hospital stage (p = 0,039). It was found that the occurrence of pulmonary edema in women with AMI is directly dependent on the level of minimum atmospheric pressure in the period from the start of AMI to the end of the hospital stage (p = 0,032).



3.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNS OF MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH THE METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS COMPONENTS IN MEN WITH CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS

N.A. Timoshenko1, Yu.I. Ragino1, O.V. Pushkina1, A.M. Chernyavskii2, S.Yu. Tcimbal2, M.I. Voevoda1
1Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine SB RAMS, Russia, Novosibirsk, 630089, B. Bogatkova st., 175/1 h
2Research State of Circulation Pathology, Ministry of Public Health and Social Development, Russia, Novosibirsk, 630055, Rechkunovskaya st., 15 h
Keywords: электрофизиологические признаки, метаболические нарушение миокарда, коронарный атеросклероз, метаболический синдром, electrophysiological signs, myocardial metabolic disorders, coronary atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome

Abstract >>
The aim of the study. Study of electrophysiological signs ofmyocardial metabolic disorders (MMD) and the search for their associations with metabolic syndrome (MS) in men with coronary atherosclerosis (CA). Materials and methods. The study included 123 men with stenotic CA, verified during coronary angiography (CAG), without acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and with stable angina functional class (FC) II-IV.Was spend ECG alone in 12 standard leads. We analyzed ECG signs of MMD (length of the interval QT, above the contour >5mm, ST segment depression below the contour >5mm non-ischemic type, T-wave changes, syndrome TV1> TV6, signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), arrhythmias and asequence). Evaluated components and markers MS: waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), cholesterol of lowand high-density lipoproteins (LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol), c-peptide, and glucose, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6). Results and discussion. It was found that men with a significant stenotic atherosclerosis of one or more branches of the coronary arteries has a high incidence of MS (69%), its features / components and nonspecific ECG signs of MMD. In addition, men with SC and MS or with the frequency component of the electrophysiological signs MMD ECG signs of LVHand syndrome TV1> TV6 higher by more than 1.5 times in comparison with the absence of MS. Conclusion. Results of the study reflect the impact of common metabolic disorders in the body of the emergence and development of not only the metabolic syndrome, and metabolic myocardial damage.



4.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PATHOLOGICAL ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE

A. N. Sumin1, Iu. A. Kolmykova1, I. N. Kuhareva1, M. V. Ott1, D.A. Sumin1, N.I. Vodopiyanova1, A. A. Morkvenas1, O. A. Trubnikova1, A. V. Kovalenko1, B. M. Doronin2
1Multifocal Atherosclerosis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002, Kemerovo, Sosnovyi bulvar, 6, Russia
2Medical University, Russia, 630091, Novosibirsk, Krasnii prospect, 52
Keywords: лодыжечно-плечевой индекс, инсульт, неврологический статус, неврологические шкалы: NIHSS, Бартел, Ренкин, Эшворт, индекс мобильности Ривермид, ankle-brachial index (ABI), stroke, neurological status, neurological scale: NIHSS, Barthel, Rankin, Ashworth, mobility index Rivermid, MMSE

Abstract >>
Earlier research revealed that the decrease in ankle-brachial index (ABI) indicates the presence of atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities and increased risk of cardiovascular events, including stroke risk. Less studied is the relationship of ABI with clinical manifestations of stroke, the effect on recovery of neurological deficit. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between pathological ABI and clinical outcomes of acute disorders of cerebral circulation (cerebral vascular accident) by the time of discharge from the hospital. Materials and Methods: The study included 375 patients after stroke. All patients underwent investigation of the state of the peripheral arteries using the device VaSera VS-1000 (Fukuda Denshi, Japan). Patients evaluated the presence of cardiovascular disease, previously vascular events, type and subtype of stroke. Also assessed neurological status with neurological scales: NIHSS, Barthel, Rankin, Ashworth, mobility index Rivermid and test swallowing. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: In patients with abnormal ABI often identified ischemic stroke (99.4%). The study found that patients with abnormal levels of ABI (1.3 <ABI <0.9) often have concomitant cardiovascular disease. It was found that the speech disorders, central paresis of muscles of the face, tongue, and paresis of the extremities are more common in patients with a pathological ABI. In assessing the neurological deficit via neurological scales, patients with abnormal levels of ABI also showed poorer results on the scales MMSE, NIHSS, Barthel and Rankin. Conclusions: Pathological ABI values were detected in almost half of patients who have suffered acute violation of cerebral circulation. In patients with pathological ABI the restoration of disturbed functions runs worse compared with patients who had normal ABI. Also, this group of patients has a more pronounced cognitive impairment compared with the group with normal ABI.



5.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT OF PATIENT HEALTH CENTER OF THE NO VOSIBIRSK REGION FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF ACTIVITIES FOR THE PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

M. L. Fomicheva1,2, M. I. Voevoda2, M. A. Zaharova1
1Regional Center for Medical Prevention, 630112, Novosibirsk, st. Koshurnikova, 16/1
2Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, 630089, Novosibirsk, st. Boris Bogatkov, 175/1
Keywords: сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, первичная профилактика, центры здоровья, cardiovascular disease, primary prevention, health centers

Abstract >>
Primary health prevention of cardiovascular disease is a major focus of preventive measures among the population. In order to develop the most appropriate and effective preventive measures it is advisable to study the characteristics of the population based on the formation of the socio-demographic profile, using a sociological survey method.



6.
EFFECT OF CHANGES IN LIVING CO NDITIONS, TO INCREASE THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AS A RISK F ACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AMONG RESIDENTS OF MOUNTAIN SHORIA

D. P. Tsygankova, T. A. Mulerova, M. Yu. Ogarkov, E. Yu. Saarela, Ya. V. Kazachek, O. L. Barbarash
Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6, Sosnoviy Blvd, 650002, Kemerovo
Keywords: сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, избыточная масса тела, ожирение, Горная Шория, коренные жители, cardiovascular diseases, overweight, obesity, Mountain Shoria, indigenous inhabitants

Abstract >>
Purpose. To evaluate the effect of the changed living conditions during the last decade, the prevalence of obesity as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease among residents of Mountain Shoria. Materials and methods. During the periods since 1998 till 2002 and since 2012 till 2015 in field conditions by continuous method we examined 1215 and 774 inhabitants correspondingly in the outlying hard-to-reach villages of Mountain Shoria. About half of them was represented by indigenous inhabitants - Shors, the other half by more than 95% was represented by Russians. The examination included: clinical examination, measurement of height, body mass, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index, WC/HC index. Obesity diagnosis was made in accordance with WHO criteria (1997). Results. During all the examination periods women of non-indigenous nationality revealed obesity more often (3.9% of obesity cases among Shor women, 31.3% cases among non-Shor women over the period since 1998 till 2002 (р=0.0001), 7.3% of obesity among indigenous female inhabitants and 31.4% among non-indigenous women over the period since 2012 till 2015 (р=0.0001)). Over the last 15 years a number of individuals with obesity and overweight has significantly increased: the percentage of men with obesity (over the period since 1998 till 2002 - 0.8% of Shor and 2.4% of non-Shor men had BMI≥30 kg/m2 (р=0.072), as compared to 2012-2015 period - 7.3% of Shor and 27% of non-Shor men had obesity (р=0.00001). Among Shor women the percentage of obese individuals increased significantly at the age of 40-49, 60-69 and over 70 years old. In representatives of male indigenous population the number of obese individuals increased significantly at the age of 40-49 years old, in non-Shor men - at the age of 18-29, and 30-39 years old. Conclusion. Regardless of gender and ethnicity the number of individuals with overweight and obesity increased significantly among the inhabitants of Mountain Shoria, as well as the value of WC/HC index, especial among Shor women.



7.
CARDIOMETABOLIC FACTORS AND COLORECTAL CANCER

M. V. Kruchinina1, S. A. Kurilovich1, A. A. Gromov1, Ya. Sh. Schwartz1, V. N. Kruchinin2, S. V. Ryhlitsky2, A. A. Volodin2,3
1Federal State Budgetary of Scientific Institution "Institution of Internal and Preventive Medicine", Russia 630090 Novosibirsk, B. Bogatkova 175/1
2Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Russia, 630090 Novosibirsk, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 13
3Novosibirsk State University, Russia 630090 Novosibirsk, Pirogova str. 2
Keywords: метаболический синдром, колоректальный рак, инсулинорезистентность, ожирение, адипокины, воспалительные цитокины, metabolic syndrome, colorectal cancer, insulin resistance, expected renie, adipokines, inflammatory cytokines

Abstract >>
The metabolic syndrome and visceral obesity have an increasing prevalence and incidence in the generalpopulation. The actual prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is 24% in US population and between 24,6% and 30,9% in Europe. As demonstrated by many clinical trials (NAHANES III, INTERHART) the metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In addition to cardiovascular disease, individual components of the metabolic syndrome have been linked to the development of cancer, particularly to colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is an important public health problem; in the year 2000 there was an estimated total of 944717 incident cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed world-wide. This association is sustained by many epidemiological studies. Recent reports suggest that individuals with metabolic syndrome have a higher risk of colon or rectal cancer. Moreover, the clusters of metabolic syndrome components increase the risk of associated cancer. The physiopathological mechanism that links metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer is mostly related to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. Population and experimental studies demon trated that hyperinsulinemia, elevated C-peptide, elevated body mass index, high levels of insulin growth factor-1, low levels of insulin growth factor binding protein-3, high leptin levels and low adiponectin levels are all involved in carcinogenesis. Understanding the pathological mechanism that links metabolic syndrome and its components to carcinogenesis has a major clinical significance and may have profound health benefits on a number of diseases including cancer, which represents a major cause of mortality and morbidity in our societies.



8.
HYPOLIPIDEMIC MEDICATIONS: CURRENT USE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES. PART 1. NON-STATIN HYPOLIPIDEMIC MEDICATIONS

A. E. Bagriy, A. I. Dyadyk, M. V. Khomenko, I. N. Tsiba, V. A. Efremenko, E. V. Shchukina, O. A. Prikolota
Donetsk national medical university named after M.Gorkiy, Ukraine, Donetsk, 83003, av. Illicha, 16
Keywords: не-статиновые гиполипидемические средства, фибраты, препараты никотиновой кислоты, эзетимиб, секвестранты желчных кислот, полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, ингибиторы фермента PCSK9, non-statin hypolipidemic drugs, fibrates, nicotinic acid, resins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ezetimibe, PCSK9-inhibitors

Abstract >>
This article is devoted to discussion about main aspects of current use of non-statin hypolipidemic drugs according last international guidelines (including fibrates, nicotinic acid, resins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ezetimibe, PCSK9-inhibitors). For each group mechanism of action, effects on lipid profile, main results of randomized trials and practical use approaches are shortly represented.