RUSSIAN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION IN THE 19
th CENTURY: A CONFLICT BETWEEN TRADITIONAL VALUES AND POST-REFORM ASPIRATIONS
N. P. Sukhanova1, B. V. Saprygin2
1Novosibirsk Humanities Institute, 23, Sovetskaya Str., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630099
2Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, 28, Viluiskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630126
Keywords: наука, социальный институт, высшее образование, система ценностей, российские реформы 1860-х гг, общество, культура, гумбольдтовский университет, science, social institution, higher education, value system, Russian reforms of the 1860s, society, culture, Humboldt University
Abstract
The paper deals with science as a social institution that can exist and develop only in a society the fundamental values of which are compatible with its values. It analyzes materials on the history of Russian science in the second half of the 19th century. The attention is focused on the formation of national science in close connection with the educational system. It is shown how the cultural climate and value system was changing with regard to science and education in the public mind of the period. The paper discusses the role of universities in the organization of science in the post-reform era, changes in the «women’s issue», and the participation of society in the emergence of non-state higher educational institutions. It is concluded that the Russian university of the 19th century is to a large extent characterized by distinctive features of the classical Humboldt University with its ideal of «pure science». It is suggested that the abandonment of the ideals of classical university so ingrained in the minds of scientists and educators is presumably the reason why the reforms in modern education are perceived as painful.
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