M. Yu. Mamatyukov1,2, A. K. Khe1,2, D. V. Parshin1,2, P. I. Plotnikov1,2, A. P. Chupakhin1,2 1Lavrent'ev Institute for Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: функционал Уиллмора, кривизна поверхности, церебральные аневризмы, гидроупругость, численный расчет, Willmore functional, surface curvature, cerebral aneurysms, hydroelasticity, numerical calculation
An energy approach to the study of a hydroelastic system consisting of an elastic blood vessel, viscous fluid flow, and an aneurysm anomaly is developed to evaluate the various energy components of the system: viscous flow dissipation energy, tensile energy and bending energy of the aneurysm wall. To calculate the total energy of the system, we have developed a computing complex including commercial and free software and self-developed modules. The performance of the complex has been tested on model geometric configurations and configurations corresponding to blood vessels with cerebral aneurysms of real patients and those reconstructed by angiographic images. The calculated values of the Willmore functional characterizing the shell bending energy are consistent with theoretical data.
A numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the effect of the Helmholtz resonator capacity on the Hartmann whistle operating at high values of the nozzle pressure ratio using the turbulence model. The results of the present numerical simulations are compared to experimental data. The simulation results show that the frequency and amplitude of the Hartmann whistle with the Helmholtz resonator are obviously lower as compared to the conventional Hartmann whistle. Moreover, the Mach number contours and streamlines indicate that the Helmholtz resonator does not affect the shock-cell structure between the nozzle and the cavity, and the Hartmann whistle with the Helmholtz resonator has a jet regurgitant mode that is different from the Hartmann whistle with a straight resonator. The diameter of the Helmholtz resonator is an important factor affecting the fundamental frequency.
A.A. Sidorenko1, A.D. Budovsky1, P.A. Polivanov1, O.I. Vishnyakov1, V.G. Sudakov2, V.N. Ishchenko3 1Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Zhukovskii Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, Zhukovskii, Russia 3Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: трансзвуковой бафтинг, электрический разряд, управление течением, transonic buffet, electric discharge, flow control
In the present paper, we report on the results of an experimental study of the possibility to control the transonic buffet on a rectangular wing using plasma vortex generators. The influence of the developed device on the flow consists in creating a longitudinal vortex in the boundary layer as a result of asymmetric energy supply at the surface of a small vertical wedge. The experiments were performed using a wing model with a supercritical airfoil in the range of free-stream Mach numbers 0.73 to 0.78 and Reynolds numbers Re = (2.64-2.8)x106. The experimental data obtained using the method of high-speed schlieren visualization and pressure distribution measurements in the wake of the model show that the technique allows one to control both the average flow characteristics and the characteristics of shock-wave oscillations.
The work is devoted to the numerical simulation of a supersonic plane mixing layer of multicomponent gases in the presence of injection of particles at the interface of flows. An algorithm for solving the system of Navier-Stokes equations for the gas phase and the system of ordinary differential equations for solid particles based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian representation is proposed. It is assumed that the turbulent flow is quasi-two-dimensional and the solution of the an original system is produced by the 2D-DNS approach without using additional closure models of turbulence. A detailed study of the influence of the gas phase on the particles distribution and their capture with coherent structures is performed with the variance of Mach numbers and particles injection locations The enhancing influence of the centrifugal force on the dispersion of particles is obtained with increase in the input Mach number. A quasi-equilibrium state with a gas flow of small particles is established.
A laboratory stand with a regenerative air heater, an automated system for control and measurement of air flow parameters and a nozzle designed to study the heat transfer of a package of parallel plates under non-stationary conditions for different periods are described. The technique of measuring the transient temperature of cold and hot coolant flows taking into account the inertia of thermocouples and the method of measuring the heat transfer coefficient of plates are presented. The time variations of the Nusselt number and the heat power transmitted by the nozzle for individual periods are shown. Values of the average Nusselt number for the period obtained in experiments with the packages of plates of different materials and thicknesses are generalized by a criterial equation convenient for engineering calculations of regenerative air heaters with sheet packing of various types.
A.Yu. Dyachenko1, V.L. Zhdanov2, Ya.I. Smulskii1, V.I. Terekhov1 1Kutateladzer Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Lykov Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer NASB, Minsk, Belarus
Keywords: турбулентный поток, отрывное течение, табы, обратный уступ, теплообмен, turbulent flow, separation flow, tabs, backward-facing step, heat transfer
The paper presents the experimental data on distribution of static pressure and heat transfer in a separation zone behind a backward-facing step equipped with vortex generators. The size and gaps between generators (tabs) of rectangular shape were varied in experiments. Experimental results were compared with two limiting cases: a smooth step (no tabs), and a step with a solid fin. The strongest influence on flow and heat transfer from the set of installed tabs was observed within the recirculation zone just behind the step base. The tabs allocated at the step edge resulted in the displacement of the Nusselt number maximum to the step base that caused the enhancement of a local and average heat transfer.
I.A. Davletshin1,2, A.K. Aslaev1, N.I. Mikheev1, A.A. Paereliy1 1Institute of Power Engineering and Advanced Technologies RAS, Kazan, Russia 2Kazan National Research Technical University n.a. A.N. Tupolev, Kazan, Russia
Keywords: обратный уступ, отрыв потока, пульсации потока, число Струхаля, интенсификация теплоотдачи, backward-facing step, flow separation, flow pulsations, Strouhal number, heat transfer enhancement
Heat transfer in a pulsating air flow was studied experimentally in the separation region behind a backward-facing step. The data on distributions of heat transfer coefficient have been obtained. At the distance of more than ten step heights away from the step edge, the heat transfer coefficient in pulsating flow deviated by no more than ±10 % from the steady flow values. Towards the step, heat transfer became more intensive relative to the steady regimes. Immediately beyond the separation edge, flow pulsations led to local twofold enhancement of heat transfer and even higher. In general, heat transfer augmentation in the separation region behind the step reached a maximum (70 %) at the Strouhal number Sh ~ 1.
In this paper, heat transfer characteristics of new types of perforated fins with cross perforations are investigated using experimental measurement and numerical simulations. Conjugate equations of turbulent flow and conduction heat transfer are solved around fins and within fins using a finite volume code. Solution includes two types of circular and square perforations and Reynolds numbers from 2×104 to 4×104 based on the fin length. From the results of numerical simulation, structures of flow field and heat transfer for each configuration are illustrated and discussed. For validation, comparison is made with solid fin as well as perforated fins and reasonable trend for heat transfer is observed. For further analysis, a series of measurements is carried out for a model of perforated fins with one streamwise opening and one cross opening. It is shown that among different perforation configurations, a fin with 1 longitudinal perforation and 3 vertical perforations shows the best heat transfer performance. In addition, it is found that the circular perforation is preferred in comparison with square perforation considering both heat transfer performance and pressure drop.
V.M. Molochnikov, A.N. Mikheev, A.K. Aslaev, O.A. Dushina, A.A. Paereliy
Institute of Power Engineering and Advanced Technologies FRC RAS, Kazan, Russia
Keywords: пучок цилиндров, вынужденные пульсации скорости потока, теплоотдача, визуализация, SIV-измерения, профили статистических характеристик, механизм интенсификации теплоотдачи, cylinder bundle, forced pulsations of flow velocity, heat transfer, visualization, SIV measurements, profiles of steady-state characteristics, mechanism of heat transfer enhancement
In the present paper, we report on the results of an experimental study of the transfer of heat and flow structure in the inter-tube space of in-line and staggered tube (cylinder) bundles in a pulsating external flow. For two values of the relative pitch in the bundles, the average heat transfer of a cylinder, and the distributions of the components of flow velocity and rms pulsations of that velocity in the inter-tube space, were measured. It is found that the change in the heat transfer of a bundle cylinder under forced flow unsteadiness correlates well with the level of the energy of velocity pulsations in the cylinder wake. The possibility of enhancement of heat transfer in a cylinder bundle using forced flow oscillations is demonstrated.
N. Ghalem1, S. Hanini2, M.W. Naceur1, M. Laidi2, A. Amrane3 1University of Blida, Blida, Algeria 2University of Médéa, Médéa, Algeria 3University of Rennes, National Higher School of Chemistry, Rennes, France
Keywords: хладагент, чистая система, смеси, теплопроводность, искусственная нейронная сеть, прогнозная модель, refrigerant, pure system, mixtures, thermal conductivity, artificial neural network, predictive model
The determination of thermophysical properties of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCS) is very important, especially the thermal conductivity. The present work investigated the potential of an artificial neural network (ANN) model to correlate the thermal conductivity of (HFCS) at (169.87-533.02) K, (0.047-68.201) MPa, and (0.0089-0.1984) W/(m·K) temperature, pressure, and thermal conductivity ranges, respectively, of 11 systems from 3 different categories including five pure systems (R32, R125, R134a, R152a, R143a), four binary mixtures systems (R32 + R125, R32 + R134a, R125 + R134a, R125 + R143a), and two ternary mixtures systems (R32 + R125 + R134a, R125 + R134a + R143a). Each one received 1817, 794 and 616 data points, respectively. The application of this model for these 3227 data points of liquid and vapor at several temperatures and pressures allowed to train, validate and test the model. This study showed that ANN models represent a good alternative to estimate the thermal conductivity of different refrigerant systems with a good accuracy. The squared correlation coefficients of thermal conductivity predicted by ANN were R 2 = 0.998 with an acceptable level of accuracy of RMSE = 0.0035 and AAD = 0.002 %. The results of applying the trained neural network model to the test data indicate that the method has a highly significant prediction capability.
The results of a dilatometric study of the linear thermal expansion coefficient (LTEC) of polycrystalline samarium in the temperature range of 110-1050 K are presented. Temperature dependences have been obtained and reference tables of recommended values of thermal properties for the 110-1900 K interval of its solid and liquid states have been calculated. The nature of the LTEC change in the regions of phase transformations of the first and second kinds has been established. The critical indices of the linear thermal expansion coefficient at the Néel point have been determined.
E.V. Usov1, I.A. Klimonov1, S.I. Lezhnin2,1, P.D. Lobanov2,1 1Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: ТВЭЛ, авария, расплав, пленка, fuel pin, accident, melt, film
Methods for calculating the motion of a melt along the fuel element surface under the conditions of an accident are presented. The calculation was carried out using semianalytic methods for the shear stress and gravity-driven films. The results of calculations of the motion of a melt under various initial conditions are presented. Particular attention is paid to the influence of surface tension forces on the interface between the melt and a solid surface.
The paper presents investigation results on propane combustion in argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor under the conditions of O2 deficiency and high reagent density when they are uniformly heated up to 620 K. Based on time dependences of reaction mixture temperature, the self-ignition temperature of propane was determined. It has been established that the oxidation of propane in an Ar and Н2О medium proceeds according to the mechanism of chain-thermal explosion. The results of mass spectrometric analysis showed that oxidation in a CO2 medium is characterized by the lowest degree of propane conversion. It was also found that at a low density of water vapor, the oxidation of propane is accompanied by a high yield of H2. The mechanisms of CO2 and H2O molecule participation in the oxidation of propane are discussed in the paper.
V.S. Teslenko, A.P. Drozhzhin, R.N. Medvedev
Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: водный движитель, генерация тяги, сжигание газа, удельная тяга, средняя тяга, water mover, thrust generation, gas combustion, specific thrust, average thrust
The paper presents experimental results on study of production of force pulses and bubble pulsation near a flat thrust-producing wall with the diameter of 100 mm designed for combustion of stoichiometric propane-oxygen gas mixture. In combustion of the same gas charges for production of thrust, the design of combustion at a flat wall has qualitative and quantitative benefits vs. case of combustion in a cylindrical duct. The force amplitude becomes higher due to the larger contact area between the bubble and thrust wall. The period of bubble pulsation is shorter for this case as compared to bubbles generated in a cylindrical duct; the pulsation period is described by the Rayleigh-Willis law. The shorter bubble pulsation period ensures better conditions for increase in the average thrust generated in pulse-in-cycle mode of combustion of gas charges in water medium.
The speed of sound of the gaseous mixed refrigerant R-134a (57.24 wt.%) - R-227ea (42.76 wt. %) was investigated by the method of ultrasonic interferometer in the temperature range from 293 to 373 K and at pressures from 0.08 to 0.97 MPa. The measurement errors of temperature, pressure, and speed of sound were ±20 mK, ±4 kPa, and ±(0.20-0.35) %, respectively. Approximation dependences of the speed of sound on five isotherms have been obtained, and the experimental data have been compared with calculations using the REFPROP program.
The article presents the results of an experimental study of the dynamics of vaporization at water boiling at subatmospheric pressures up to 8.8 kPa. The usage of a transparent heater, high-speed video and IR thermography allowed analyzing the effect of pressure on the dynamics of vapor bubbles, the evolution of dry spots as well as the surface superheating corresponding to the onset of boiling. It is shown that the pressure reduction at a given heat flux density leads to a significant increase in the Jacob number at the activation of the nucleation site and the growth rate of vapor bubbles. It has been found that the curve of dry spots growth rate has a nonlinear dependence on the pressure in the range of 8.8-103 kPa. The minimum value of the growth rate of dry spots is observed at a pressure of 42 kPa.
August 5, 2019 was the 75th anniversary of the Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Viktor I. Terekhov.
M. V. Kurlenya, M. N. Tsupov, A. V. Savchenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: Землетрясение, сейсмическая энергия, метан, угольный пласт, горные выработки, Earthquake, seismic energy, methane, coal seam, roadways
The geological information on coal reserves within fields of the Chertinskaya-Yuzhnaya and Chertinskaya-Koksovaya mines situated in the vicinity of an earthquake focus is given. Methane emission in roadways of the mines is determined, and the model diagram of methane concentrations before and after the earthquake is obtained. The earthquake load on coal seams is estimated.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:118:"E. V. Ul’yanova1, O. N. Malinnikova1, B. N. Pashichev1, E. V. Malinnikova2";} 1Academician Melnikov Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia 2Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography, Moscow, 107064 Russia
Keywords: Ископаемый уголь, газодинамические явления, выбросоопасные и невыбросоопасные зоны, цифровые изображения поверхности углей, статистические энтропия и сложность, Coal, gas-dynamic phenomena, outburst-hazardous and outburst-nonhazardous zones, digital images of coal surface, statistical entropy and complexity
The applicability of calculated information entropy to quantification of coal structure nonuniformity at a microlevel is demonstrated. The calculations used digital images of coal surface from scanning electron microscopy after thousandfold increase. The calculated statistical entropy-complexity values enable comparing structural nonuniformity of coal sampled from outbursts, as well as from outburst-hazardous and outburst-nonhazardous zones. It is found that coal from outburst-hazardous zones contain areas of highly chaotic structure as against the ordered structure of coal from outburst-nonhazardous zones. Outburst coal is free from chaotic structures though its structure is less ordered than in coal from outburst-nonhazardous zones. The proposed method allows detecting the certainly outburst-nonhazardous zones in coal seams using digital images of coal samples.
L. A. Nazarova1, L. A. Nazarov1, N. A. Golikov2,3, A. A. Skulkin1 1Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 2Trofimuk Institute of Oil&Gas Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 3Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, 630073 Russia
Keywords: Пороупругая среда, фильтрация, лабораторный эксперимент, криогель, дисковый образец, проницаемость, эффективное напряжение, Poroelastic medium, flow, laboratory test, cryogel, disc specimen, permeability, effective stress
The laboratory setup is designed and manufactured to carry out permeability tests of cylindrical specimens with central hole modeling performance conditions of real producing wells under nonuniform stresses. The series of tests is accomplished with artificial specimens made of medium-grain sand conditioned by cryogel. The empirical dependence of permeability on effective stress is found; it is approximated by an exponential function with coefficient α = 0.0021 MPa-1, which is an order of magnitude higher than α estimated based on compressibility of geomaterials and rocks.
D. O. Kucher, T. V. Korneeva, S. B. Bortnikova
Trofimuk Institute of Oil&Gas Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: Техногенное вещество, проницаемость, пористость, метод электротомографии, капиллярная пропитка, скорость фильтрации, Manmade substance, permeability, porosity, electrotomography method, capillary penetration, permeation velocity
The flow of pore fluid is modeled on a lab scale with samples of man-made substance from tailings ponds. The data obtained in the gravimetric and apparent resistance tests are presented. It is found that capillary forces make the main contribution to flow of solutions from a pollution source. This allowed estimation of nature and velocity of the process. The experimental results show high-rate vertical and lateral spreading of solid waste substance from sources of drainage solutions, which has detrimental effect on ecology of the nearby lands and water bodies.
V. A. Trofimov, Yu. A. Filippov
Academician Melnikov Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
Keywords: Угольный пласт, напряженно-деформированное состояние, фильтрация, проницаемость, разгрузка, пригрузка, метод комплексных потенциалов, Coal seam, stress-strain behavior, permeation, permeability, relaxation, additional load, complex-potential method
Mining of a horizontal isolated seam in a uniform medium in plane strain conditions is considered. The stress distribution in roof rocks of the coal seam is obtained at different stages of mined-out area development. The stresses are governed by the complex-variable function, which allows determining location and configuration of zones of stress relaxation and additional load in rock mass. This information is required for estimation of induced jointing and formation of gas pockets in the coal seam parting. The use of the analytical solution makes it possible to obtain relations for finding stress concentration factors and to present the related parameters as contour lines.
The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of coal seam dip on the front abutment and side abutment stresses distribution around the longwall panels by FLAC3D software. For this purpose numerical modeling of five longwall panels in coal seam with dip angle of 0, 12, 22, 32 and 42 degree have been done. The results of numerical modeling have been shown that in all models, peak value of front abutment stress was found to act at a distance about 1-3 m in front of the panel face and the difference between this stresses in front of the working face is about 9.7 MPa. In this distance, the peak vertical stress is in the order of approximately 4-5 times the in-situ stress and then gradually decreases toward the initial field stress. Moreover numerical modeling results have been shown that increasing coal seam dip has no significant effect on the peak value of side abutment stress at the edge of pillar, but the side abutment stress concentration is nearer to the edge of pillar. At coal seam dip of zero and 12 degrees, maximum vertical stress occurs at a distance of 5.4 m from the pillar edge, whereas at the coal seam dip of 42 degrees, this stress occurs within 3 m of the pillar edge. However, increasing the dip of coal seam caused to increase entry roof displacement. The results are in good agreement with field observation.
M. A. Idris, E. Nordlund
Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87 Sweden
Keywords: Сложное рудное тело, вероятностный метод, изменчивость породного массива, геометрия выработки, метод точечной оценки, Complex orebody, probabilistic approach, rock mass variability, stope geometry, point estimate method
This paper presents a probabilistic approach for optimizing stope design methodology while taking into consideration the variability in the rock mass properties. For this study, a complex orebody in a Canadian mine is used. Because of the variability in the rock mass properties of the orebody, it was not possible to determine precisely, the values of geotechnical design input parameters and hence the need to utilize a probabilistic approach. Point Estimate Method (PEM), a probabilistic tool, was incorporated into numerical analysis using FLAC3D to study the deformation magnitudes of various stope geometries to determine the optimal stope geometry with a minimum ground control problem. Results obtained for the distribution of the wall deformations and the floor heaves for each option of the stope geometry were compared to select the best geometry to achieve the optimum stability condition. The methodology presented in this study can be helpful in the process of underground mine planning and optimization in complex orebody.
N. G. Shvarev, N. S. Markov
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, 195251 Russia
Keywords: Сейсмика, микросейсмическая активность, микросейсмические явления, гидравлический разрыв пласта, ESC-модель, Seismic, microseismic activity, microseismic events, hydraulic fracturing, ESC-model
The physical-and-mathematical model is presented for generation of microseismic events during hydrofracture propagation. Defects (discontinuities) are described using the ESC-model. The formulas are given for the jumps of discontinuities, characteristics of seismic and aseismic events, as well as the seismic moment and seismic magnitude. The algorithm is developed to model microseismic events during hydrofracture propagation by the known geometry and physical properties of the medium as the input data. The calculations are performed for the pseudo-3D and planar models of hydrofracture propagation. It is shown that a majority of events take place at the front of the growing hydrofracture, which agrees with the observations.
V. D. Kurguzov
Lavrentiev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: Прочность, разрушение, скважина, обсадная колонна, цементная оболочка, критерии разрушения, Strength, failure, hole, casing, cement lining, failure criteria
The criteria of failure and limiting state, widely used in strength assessment of rocks and building materials, are considered. The two-dimensional computer model is presented for deformation of cement lining in a cemented cased hole in rock mass under the action of internal pressure from the casing and external pressure from rock mass. The model has a number of science-based and experimentally proved strength criteria for determination of failure behavior and potential damaged zones in cement lining. A series of stress-strain analyses of cement lining is performed with varied geometrical parameters and stresses. The criticality of local and nonlocal failure criteria is analyzed. By comparing equivalent stresses, six failure criteria are selected and recommended for estimation and prediction of load resistance of cement liming.
Taking Shendong mining area as an research object, the roof strata moving law in the shallow buried deep thin bedrock was studied with 3D simulation experiment. The results showed that the surface displacement and roof pressure decrease little, and the roof does not appear the phenomenon of full thickness cutting. As the advancing distance of the working face increases, the displacement of the surface and roof increases. The old roof breaking is not easy to form a hinge structure, the roof when the pressure of mine pressure appearance is very intense.
V. L. Yakovlev1, V. A. Bersenev1, A. V. Glebov1, S. S. Kulniyaz2, M. A. Marinin3 1Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620219 Russia 2Zhubanov Aktobe Regional State University, Aktobe, 030000 Republic of Kazakhstan 3Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, 199106 Russia
Keywords: Циклично-поточная технология, глубокие карьеры, мобильные дробильно-перегрузочные установки, крутонаклонный конвейерный подъем, концентрационный горизонт, горно-подготовительные работы, Cyclical-and-continuous method, deep open pit mines, mobile crushing-and-rehandling unit, high-angle conveyor, accumulation level, primary mining operations
The application data on different process flow diagrams of the cyclical-and-continuous method using high-angle conveyors are presented. The influence of the conveyor angle and elevation height on performance of crushing-and-conveying systems is determined. The feasibility study of the cyclical-and-continuous method with mobile crushing-and-rehandling units and high-angle conveyors in the Kostamuksha open pit mine is carried out. The relative capital and operating costs are evaluated for different conveying angles in an open pit mine 100 and 600 m deep. Different schemes of cutting accumulation levels to replace the mobile crushing-and-rehandling units in open pit mines are compared, and the performance of the cyclical-and-continuous technology with high-angle conveying system in the Muruntau open pit mine, Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Plant, Uzbekistan is described.
F. Khodayari, Y. Pourrahimian, W. V. Liu
School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G1H9, Edmonton, Canada
Keywords: Блоковое обрушение, производственное планирование, оптимизация, горизонтальное смешивание, математическое моделирование, Block caving, production scheduling, optimization, horizontal mixing, mathematical modeling
High production rates and low operating costs highlight block caving as one of the favorable underground mining methods. However, the uncertainties involved in the material flow make it complicated to optimize the production schedule for such operations. In this paper, a stochastic mixed integer linear optimization model is proposedin order to capture horizontal mixing that occurs among the draw columns within the production scheduling optimization. The goal is to not only consider the material above each drawpoint for extraction from the same drawpoint, as traditional production scheduling does, but also to capture the horizontal movements among the adjacent draw columns. In this approach, different scenarios are generated to simulate the horizontal mixing among adjacent slices within a neighborhood radius. The best height of draw for draw columns is also calculated as part of the optimization. The model is tested for a block-cave mine with 640 drawpoints to feed a processing plant for 15 years. The resulting NPV is 473M$ while the deviations from the targets in all scenarios during the life of the mine are minimized. Using the proposed model will result in more reliable mine plans as it takes the horizontal mixing into account in addition to achieving the production goals. Using different penalties for grade deviations shows that the model is a flexible tool in which the mine planners can achieve their goals based on their priorities.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:141:"T. S. Yusupov1, L. G. Shumskaya1, S. A. Kondrat’ev2, E. A. Kirillova1, F. Kh. Urakaev1";} 1Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 2Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: Техногенное сырье, олово, концентраты, центробежно-планетарная мельница, обогащение, Mining waste, tin, concentrate, planetary ball mill, concentration
The capacities of mechanical activation by planetary ball milling in terms of dissociation of mineral concretions and tin recovery from mining waste are demonstrated. The modes of the short-term activation treatment in the ball mill for higher quality production are determined. The variants of improvement in tin content of concentrates by including milling in hydrochemical concentration circuit are substantiated.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:167:"I. N. Razmyslov1, O. B. Kotova1, V. I. Silaev1, V. I. Rostovtsev2, D. V. Kiseleva3, S. A. Kondrat’ev2";} 1Yushkin Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982 Russia 2Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 3Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620016 Russia
Keywords: Средний Тиман, железистые бокситы, радиационно-термические преобразования, фазовая гетерогенизация, совершенствование способов переработки минерального сырья, Middle Timan, high-iron bauxite, thermal radiation-induced modification, phase heterogenization, mineral processing improvement
The results of modification of the Middle-Timan high-iron bauxite by thermal radiation, including the earlier unknown phenomenon of phase heterogenization-formation of intrinsic minerals by originally endocryptically disseminated noble, nonferrous, rare and rare-earth micro-elements-are presented. It is possible to utilize this phenomenon for the purpose of commercial application of low-grade bauxite, red mud and other difficult ore.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:204:"E. A. Burdakova1,2, V. I. Bragin1,2, N. F. Usmanova1,2, A. O. Vashlaev1,2, L. S. Lesnikova3, L. E. D’yachenko1, A. I. Fertikov4";} 1Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia 2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia 3Polar Division, NorNickel, Norilsk, Russia 4NorNickel R&D Center, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
Keywords: Вкрапленные медно-никелевые руды, самоизмельчение, рудная галя, рентгенорадиометрическая сортировка, контрастность руды, флотация, Disseminated copper-nickel ore, autogenous milling, lumpy ore, X-ray radiometric sorting, contrast range, flotation
Lumpy ore after autogenous milling in copper-nickel ore processing at the Talnakh factory is studied. The lumpy ore is mainly presented by sizes - 80 + 40 and - 40 + 20 mm. The X-ray radiometric separation tests of the lumpy ore prove their efficiency in production of concentrate and tailings. The strength characteristics and the Bond work index of the concentrate are determined. The results of flotation of the X-ray radiometric concentrate are described.
T. N. Matveeva, V. V. Getman, M. V. Ryazantseva, A. Yu. Karkeshkina, L. B. Lantsova
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
Keywords: Оловянные руды, касситерит, серебро, флотация, собиратели, флотация, гравитация, Tin ore, cassiterite, silver, flotation, collecting agents, flotation, gravity
The occurrence form of sodium dibutyl dithiocarbamate on chalcopyrite is defined by IR spectroscopy. A stable compound of lead dibutyl dithiocarbamate forms on galenite. Fat acids of tall oil are adsorbed at the surface of cassiterite as chemically adsorbed oleate and physically adsorbed calcium dioleate. Sodium oleate adsorption at quartz surface is unfound in the mineral spectra after contact with fat acids, which proves selectivity of this agent relative to cassiterite. Applicability of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine agent to flotation of silver-bearing minerals is studied. The output of ultrasonic treatment aimed to remove slime material which deteriorates gravity separation of tin tailings at Solnechny Mining and Processing Plant is described.
S. V. Mamonov1,2, V. N. Zakirnichny1, A. A. Metelev3, T. P. Dresvyankina1, S. V. Volkova1, V. A. Kuznetsov3, S. V. Ziyatdinov1 1Uralmekhanobr, Yekaterinburg, 620063 Russia 2UMMC Technical University, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, 624091 Russia 3Svyatogor, Krasnouralsk, 624330 Russia
Keywords: Технология, бисерная мельница, ультратонкое измельчение, мельница Vertimill, флотация, тонкое вибрационное гидравлическое грохочение, раскрытие минералов, извлечение, шлам, Technology, bead mill, ultra-fine milling, Vertimill, flotation, fine hydraulic vibratory screening, mineral dissociation, extraction, slime
Milling of minerals and middlings is studied in ultra-thin bead mills, Vertimill fine milling machines and in hydropercussion-and-cavitation machines (rotary-pulsating type). Fine and ultra-fine milling provides the wanted rate of dissociation of sulphide minerals and host rocks as compared with ball milling, while hydropercussion-and-cavitation milling improves selectivity of dissociation at equal grain size composition of products from the rotary-pulsating machines and ball mills. Possible improvement of ore quality by fine hydraulic vibratory screening before deep concentration is examined. It is shown that as against hydrocyclones in pre-treatment circuits, fine hydraulic vibratory screens reduce circulation of fines with oversize flow, decrease overgrinding and increase mass fraction of optimal sizes for subsequent flotation.
Ren Liuyi1,2, Zeng Weineng1, Rong Xiaojie1, Wang Qi1, Zeng Shanglin3 1Scool of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China 2University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia 3Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Hunan 410012, China
Keywords: Ванадий, каменный уголь, измельчение, разделение на классы, класс крупности, Vanadium, stone coal, grinding, classification, size fraction
Grinding, as an important preparation step for beneficiation is very necessary to study for the finely disseminated extent, vanadium-bearing stone coal with complex chemical composition. In this paper, grinding medium, time, degree and monomer dissociation degree were investigated in detail. The results show that the efficiency of rod milling is better than that of ball milling, especially the proportion of -0.038 mm size fraction obtained by rod milling is 10.89% higher than ball milling. The grinding degree of 8 min rod mill is -74 μm 73.19%, then the proportion of monomer is 70.68%. MLA measurement shows that roscoelite can not be dissociated by fine grinding. Vanadium concentrate with 0.97% of the grade and 89.88% of recovery was obtained by classification and shaking table technology. Tailing rate is 18.82%. The enrichment of vanadium can be realized by reasonable grinding and classification.
M. V. Kaimonov, Yu. A. Khokholov
Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, 677980 Russia
Keywords: Рудник, льдопородная закладка, криолитозона, многолетнемерзлые породы, температура пород, смерзание, математическое моделирование, Mine, frozen backfill, permafrost zone, permafrost, rock temperatures, adfreezing, mathematical modeling
Artificial frozen backfill for coal and ore mines in permafrost zone is discussed. Optimal frozen mixtures with the required strength characteristics are determined. It is shown that load-bearing capacity of backfill depends on grain size composition and volumetric content of ice. The mathematical model of layer-by-layer backfilling is developed, and the freezing time is found. Varying mixture composition and freezing parameters allows arriving at the required strength of frozen backfill at minimal filling time.
The aim of the research: to determine the diagnostic value of ghrelin in patients with myocardial infarction. Material and methods. 200 patients (130 men and 70 women) were examined whose average age was 61.4 ± 1.12 years with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) with an ST segment elevation. On the 1st and 12th day of the development of MI in the blood serum, the content of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, free fatty acids and ghrelin was determined. Results. Insulin resistance (IR) is a fairly common and characteristic phenomenon for patients with high cardiovascular risk. The presence of insulin resistance in people with MI was associated with more pronounced disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism compared with patients in whom MI was without signs of IR. Ghrelin levels were significantly reduced in patients with MI during the entire period of hospitalization. It was established that ghrelin was the most sensitive and specific marker of IR, especially in the early stages of MI. The determination of ghrelin in combination with free fatty acids increases their diagnostic significance in relation to IR. Conclusion: ghrelin deficiency is one of the significant factors for the presence of IR in myocardial infarction. The results of the study indicate the potential suitability of ghrelin as a new diagnostic marker of metabolic disorders in cardiovascular diseases.
P.S. Orlov1,2,3, V.N. Maksimov1,2,3, S.V. Mikhaylova2, D.E. Ivanoshchuk1,2,3, S.K. Malyutina1, M.I. Voevoda1,2,3,4 1Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 10 2Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Akademik Lavrentiev av., 10 3Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Pirogov str., 2 4Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117, Novosibirsk, Timakov str., 2
Keywords: инфаркт миокарда, TRPA1, TRPV1, rs222747, rs13268757, myocardial infarction, TRPA1, TRPV1, rs222747, rs13268757
The aim of the study was to investigate the association of SNPs in the TRPA1 (rs13268757) and TRPV1 (rs222747) genes with myocardial infarction. Material and methods. Myocardial infarction (MI) (200 individuals) and control (420 individuals) groups were formed as a part of international HAPIEE project. Genotyping the groups for the studied rs13268757 and rs222747 polymorphisms was performed by a real-time PCR on a StepOnePlus device (Applied Biosystems, USA) using TaqMan probes (Applied Biosystems, USA) according to a standard protocol. Intergroup comparison of the allele/genotype frequencies for each of the studied polymorphisms was calculated using Fisher’s exact test and the SPSS 11.0 program. The correspondence of genotype frequencies to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested using the χ2 method. The relative risk of MI for a particular allele or genotype was calculated as an odds ratio (OR) using Fisher’s exact two-sided test and Pearson chi-square test. Differences were considered statistically significant with a significance level p <0.05. Results. The frequency of the homozygous AA genotype for the TRPA1 gene rs13268757 polymorphism differed significantly in patients with MI as compared with the control, AA vs GG + AG OR = 2.621 (95 % CI 1.112-6.175; p = 0.034). No statistically significant results were shown for the TRPV1 rs222747. Conclusion. The association of the TRPV1 gene rs222747 and TRPA1 gene rs13268757 polymorphisms with MI was for the first time checked in Russia. The association with MI was shown for the TRPA1 gene rs13268757 polymorphism.
A.A. Gromov1, M.V. Kruchinina1,2, V.N. Kruchinin3 1Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1 2Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia, 630091, Novosibirsk, Krasny av., 52 3Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Akademik Lavrentiev av., 13
Keywords: система гемостаза, липидный профиль, Север, адаптация, механизмы, hemostasis system, lipid profile, North, adaptation, mechanisms
The reviews analyzed the research data of recent decades, as a result of which the features of the hemostatic system and lipid profile in the North were studied, which allows us to look at development under conditions of successful adaptation to adverse conditions, as well as from the standpoint of inadequate reactivity of the system leading to the development of pathology. The results of meta-analyzes according to the association of the “Eskimo diet” with a hemostasis system, which analyzes the mechanisms of the antiplatelet effect of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are described in detail, a new physiological phenomenon of adaptation in the North is described - the reaction of the transformation of the inflammatory response, illuminated by new groups of physiological mediators (resolvines, maresins, etc.). Peculiarities of polymorphism of hemostasis factor genes that provide adaptation to the conditions of the North are noted. Affect the hemostatic system, adaptation mechanisms of the newcomer population.
The aim of the study was to investigate modern approaches to risk assessment in patients with acute coronary syndrome, based on the analysis of literature data of Russian and foreign authors, clinical guidelines. Material and methods. Analysis of literature in databases: Scopus, PubMed, CyberLeninka, etc. over the last 15 years is made. Results. The modern scales and markers allowing to estimate the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome with the characteristic of each of them are described based on the literature review. For convenient use in practice, the presented models are divided into two groups, taking into account the assessment of the prognosis for the nearest and remote periods from the onset of the disease. The urgency of searching for a universal model of prognosis assessment in patients with acute coronary syndrome is indicated.
