Home – Home – Jornals – ECO journal (ECOnomics and industrial Engineering) 2019 number 5

The article describes the methodology and presents the results of a bibliometric analysis of regional research from the EconLit electronic bibliography, which simultaneously address issues of modeling and innovation. We give reviews with estimates of publication activity and examples of individual works to the following models: spiral models (Etzkowitz, Leydesdorff etc.), territorial innovation models (basic «building blocks», a move towards better consideration of institutions influence, a trend of shifting to «territorial knowledge dynamics», approbation examples), models of regional economic growth (Sedgley, Batabyal, Nijkamp, Varga, MASST3 and GMR models, etc.) along with city and town development models (shifting from macrostatics to microdynamics, a modification of the Gibrat’s model, etc.) centered around an innovative aspect, regional-innovative biological models and algorithms (based on the fruit fly and an ant colony). The article shows new ways of searching for regional-model innovative publications.

While the economy and business in developed countries began their digital transformation more than a decade ago, many of its manifestations have yet to be comprehended and conceptualized. Researchers claim numerous economic sectors are being disrupted, the nature of competition is shifting, the labor market is undergoing serious changes, new opportunities for entrepreneurship and personal fulfillment are emerging, and a young elite is bringing brand-new values to the world. However, from the methodology perspective, the studies exhibit various approaches and points of view towards digital transformation processes, although almost everyone agrees that the digital technology and related changes are driving the economic growth of businesses, regions, and countries alike. The article structures the key changes caused by digital technology development within the interests of major regional actors: business, citizens, and regional authorities. We show different ways to create new competitive advantages for the region, point out opportunities and threats that follow the process of digital transformation and are crucial for defining the drivers of economic growth.

The article analyzes regional factors affecting the development of high-tech business in Russia. This research is empirically based on the revenues of high-technology and knowledge-intensive industries from the SPARK (Russian acronym for the System of Professional Analysis of Markets and Companies), as well as the region’s economic development indicators published by Rosstat. Following the similarity analysis conducted for selected companies, its results show that Russian high-tech business is mainly represented by science-driven services and characterized by the lack of territorial uniformity. Significant territorial differentiation is illustrated with an index of regional high-tech business distribution comparing relative regional indicators with the national one. We evaluate the effect of regional conditions in view of five groups of factors which reflect the «regional profile», region’s labor capability, investment capability, and science and innovation capability, as well as characteristics of its digital infrastrucure. Using econometric methods, we demonstrate that the development of high-tech business in the region is positively influenced by such factors as the high share of manufacturing in the economy, the availability of human resources with secondary vocational education, computer coverage, the involvement of personnel in R&D, and technological innovation. Simulated results show that the characteristics of science and innovation capability have the most prominent impact on the high-tech industry.

Human capital, on the one hand, contributes to the acceleration of the country’s economic development, its scientific and technological progress. On the other hand, the socio-economic characteristics of regions affect the level of return on human capital. The authors propose a hypothesis that the higher the volume of accumulated human capital in the region, the stronger its impact on the level of personal income. This hypothesis determined the purpose of the study: to evaluate the relationship between the level of human capital accumulation, fixed (physical) capital and personal income in groups of Russian regions. As for methods, the authors use the cost-based approach combined with the method of calculating the replacement value of education assets for the Russian population employed in the economy. The results obtained confirmed that the increased spending on education in the long run is more profitable than raising investment in fixed assets, especially in regions with low economic development and specializing in agriculture. Following the calculations, the authors conclude that the human capital accumulated in the regional economy enables a rise in personal incomes more than physical capital.

The article demonstrates the feasibility of a methodology for studies of solidarization processes. It proves that the object of research should include the following four elements: identification, solidarization, consolidation, and integration. Each of these elements acts as a recordable phenomenon and a process, simultaneously. Being a process, each element develops independently and can serve as a foundation for another one; yet, it can remain in its initial state and not «outgrow» itself. We introduce new terms such as «positive solidarization» and «nonconstructive solidarization» and suggest the formula for related indicators. Following the results of seven empirical studies, we verify the efficiency of the proposed methodology, which helps see the condition and progress of several regional communities. As empiric objects for the studies, we chose citizens of Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk, which manifested as an opportunity to compare solidarization processes in two equitable and often competing communities and draw inferences about the likely changes in the foreseeable future.

The article examines the essence of social entrepreneurship as a subject of social service. Based on the empirical research, we study the features of its development illustrated by practices in the Republic of Karelia and the city of Petrozavodsk. This paper puts forward a hypothesis that, during its development, social entrepreneurship inside the social service system faces certain barriers, both of administrative nature and presented as attitudes and beliefs among the population. In the research, we use general scientific methods of analysis, comparison, and generalization, as well as sociological methods: interviewing and expert surveys. Empirically, following the case study of Petrozavodsk, we identify the main factors hindering the development of social entrepreneurship: administrative and bureaucratic barriers; citizens’ low readiness to introduce innovations in the social sphere; absent basic competencies of the innovative economy. The main conclusions are as follows. Social entrepreneurs work in isolation and are focused on mitigating acute social problems locally and eliminating the deficiency of certain social services. It is too early to talk about establishing competition in the social services market and fighting for their higher quality, much less about reducing the burden on state social institutions. We propose practical recommendations to the regional authorities in the Republic of Karelia to support existing and emerging social entrepreneurs, including legal framework development; institutional, information, methodological, and organizational support for social entrepreneurs; integrated and interdepartmental approach to the development of social entrepreneurship.

The paper examines the investment aspects of the foreign economic activity of the Russian regions in order to identify changes in the regional distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI). A hypothesis that investment is becoming less concentrated in regions relies on favorable prerequisites manifested in the sectoral diversification of new projects, the growing interest of foreign investors towards Russian regions, and regional authorities ’ efforts to attract investment under difficult political and macroeconomic conditions. The study uses relative indicators illustrating FDI flows and stocks in the regions of Russia, taking into account the scale of their economies, as well as concentration indicators based on the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. We have examined the dynamics of the percentage ratio of FDI flows to gross regional product, calculated and analyzed the percentage ratio of FDI stocks to GRP, indicators of the concentration of FDI stocks and GRP. Research results can be applied in regional economics and investment policy. The relative investment indicators confirm the thesis about the high concentration of regional FDI distribution and show a high dependency of Sakhalin, Vologda and Lipetsk Oblasts, where FDI stocks exceed GRP. In the long-term indicators, no significant changes have yet occurred. The Central and Far Eastern Federal Districts remain in the lead. Yet, the short-term indicators of the relative attractiveness of Russian regions for new projects point to a trend of diversifying the regional distribution of FDI: the Urals and Siberian Federal Districts are among the leaders. The trend revealed at the district level is exhibited at the disaggregated one: concentration in the distribution of FDI stocks between the federal subjects of Russia has an increasing tendency to drop.

The article describes a set of tools for an inter-regional input-output optimization model - rail transport (OMMM-RT) used for a macroeconomic evaluation of the consequences of large-scale railway projects (LRWP) and presents a functional diagram for the OMMM-RT informational program model package. We give a formal description of transport networks that makes it possible to model the amount of transport load as a sum of cargo and passenger turnover, which is a headline development indicator in the rail industry. We elaborate an idea to evaluate LRWP (at its front-end phase) from the perspective of a «multilayered» scenario approach where a large-scale project is viewed as an element within the rail industry development strategy while the rail industry itself is embedded in the system of contrasting scenarios for the national economy. For the models of such sort we propose an approximated algorithm aimed at computing investment dynamics in rail industry development, which helps not only track the effect of the LRWP understudy on the industry’s investment dynamics but also compare its investment programs (modeling objects in OMMM-RT) with development programs from other industries, converting load indicators into dynamics.

By the early XXI century, areas near large international airports have become one of the most prospective objects of economic and territorial development. Comprehensive development projects around them have gained widespread use in many countries. In Russia, the practices of such approaches are only starting to take shape. The aim of this research is to choose a management model for the overall development of the area surrounding Tolmachevo International Airport in Novosibirsk Oblast. To reach the set goal, we have completed the following tasks. First, we have systematized promising investment offers on drafting a comprehensive inter-municipal project for socio-economic development of the area surrounding Tolmachevo Airport. Second, we have studied foreign and domestic practices of projects carried out in several municipal formations, including those by means of inter-municipal cooperation. Third, we have systematized the forms of managing areas surrounding airports in Russia and abroad. Fourth, we have analyzed the current Tolmachevo Aerotropolis management system. We have used systematization and comparative analysis during our research. As results of this study, we have put forth proposals on how to improve upon the system managing the development of the area in Novosibirsk Oblast surrounding Tolmachevo Airport, which will help solve the issues of territorial planning and development management in the overall Tolmachevo Aerotropolis area from the standpoint of strategic goals and tasks.

The current stage of Chinese-Russian relations, aimed at inclusive cooperation development, determines the relevance of studying the foundations of interregional cooperation in a single Central Asian transboundary area. The article is devoted to the development trends, status, capabilities, and features of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in the context of China’s state plans for opening the economy and improving its western regions. We estimate the actual status of XUAR’s resources and foreign trade based on Chinese statistics and mainly Chinese research. The article demonstrates how highly efficient the state administration is in terms of carrying out plans for the economic and social growth in the XUAR during the course of national program implementation; moreover, it discusses the current issues and priorities for socio-economic development and interregional cooperation.

Sergey A. Chaplygin, one of the outstanding mechanical engineers of our era, was among those prominent Russian researchers whose investigations paved new paths in nature sciences and served as a basis for the development of modern engineering.

Both numerically and experimentally, the possibility of using a combined method to control the incompressible turbulent boundary layer on a symmetric airfoil section of 12-% relative thickness implemented via the blow-ing/suction of air through a finely perforated section provided on the wing surface part was examined. The study was performed at Reynolds number Re_c = 0.7x10⁶ in the range of angles of attack α = -6 - 6º. The mechanism of action of this flow control method on the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing was identified. An ambiguous pattern of the effect due to blowing/suction from the viewpoint of ensuring a maximum lift, a gain in wing lift-to-drag ratio, and a reduction of wing aerodynamic drag was revealed.

The work is devoted to the use of asymptotic boundary conditions for engineering prediction of the laminar-turbulent transition position in hydrodynamic flows by the e^N -method. It is shown that the asymptotic boundary conditions can significantly reduce the total computational cost.

The peculiarities of supersonic unsteady flows forming in the processes of an impulse starting of a wind tunnel including a fore-chamber, a nozzle, a diffuser, and an exhaust tank are considered. The fore-chamber is separated from the flow duct by a thin breakable diaphragm. Before the wind tunnel starting, the gas contained in the exhaust tank is pumped out down to a very small pressure, and then the high-pressured working gas is fed into the fore-chamber. Upon reaching some value of this pressure, the diaphragm “instantaneously” ruptures, and the working gas starts exhausting through the nozzle: a rapid unsteady process of the wind tunnel starting arises. The numerical simulation of the flows forming at the impulse starting of the simplest experimental gas-dynamic facility has been carried out; the facility is arranged with a nozzle forming at its exit a two-dimensional supersonic flow with the Mach number of 2.9, and with replaceable diffusers having different relative areas of the throat. The numerical computations of two-dimensional unsteady flows have been carried out using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the SST k-w turbulence model. The flow patterns computed numerically are compared with the data of the optical visualization of the flow obtained in the experimental gas-dynamic facility in the process of its starting.

The methodology of averaging the nonuniform swirling flow in turbomachines has been developed. It is based on preserving the mass flow rate, the fluxes of total enthalpy and momentum (or entropy) with the addition of new invariant into the algorithm, i.e., the integral of the gas flow helicity. The dependence has been obtained and validated to specify the turbine stage efficiency calculation and to take into account the presence of large-scale vortex structures in the inter-blade channel of the turbomachine (the uncertainty of the influence of secondary flows on the value of losses does not exceed 0.2 %). The methods of averaging the gas flow parameters, taking into account the contribution of secondary flows to the kinetic energy loss are presented. They show a 2.4 % lower efficiency compared to the calculation previously used for the turbine stage of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute.

A physical-mathematical model of cooling and solidification of a liquid film entrained by air along the heated surface of a streamlined body with given distribution of the heat flux density over the surface is developed. An example of model numerical testing with a set of governing parameters characteristic of experiments at an air cooling rig is presented.

It is known that introduction of the gas phase into the liquid flow leads to flow restructuring and can significantly change the key thermal-hydraulic flow parameters, for example, the heat transfer coefficient. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of an ascending bubble flow in a vertical assembly of 3´3 rods. Distilled water was used as a working liquid. The experiment was carried out at Reynolds numbers from 4000 to 11000 and volumetric gas flow rate ratio from 3 to 10 %. In the experiment, the coefficients of heat transfer from the central rod heated by electric current to the flow were determined and it was shown that gas inclusions have the maximal effect on heat transfer at low Reynolds numbers and maximal distance from the spacer grid.

The presence of bubbles exerts a strong influence on pressure drop, heat transfer, flow pattern, and many other flow characteristics. Due to the complexity of two-phase flow boiling, it is not easy to carry out experimental research. An experimental setup based on ultrasonic detection method is built up in this paper. The present study investigates bubble size distribution and vapor quality in liquid-gas two-phase flow in a vertical narrow channel with the cross section of 3×20 mm. Bubble size distribution is heavily affected by the heat power and mass flux, which means that different flow patterns show different bubble size distributions. Vapor quality is also obtained by the ultrasonic attenuation method, which is compared to the theoretical calculation. The ultrasonic detection model is mainly applied in the bubble-coalesced flow. As the vapor quality is small, the detection value is close to the theoretical value, and this detection model is suitable for nucleate boiling. As the vapor quality is increased, the deviation is larger. By comparison with the theoretical calculations, it is necessary to modify the ultrasonic detection model to fit different flow patterns, which is helpful to study the liquid entrainment mechanism in the micro-channel (especially when the inner diameter is less than 5 mm) in the future.

Experimental and theoretical study was conducted on liquid evaporation from free interface when the liquid is placed into an enclosed tank and subjected to vacuum and sonic exposure. A mathematical model was developed describing the influence of sonic exposure and gas pressure on the liquid temperature and evaporation rate. The experimental program and methods were designed; experimental setup was constructed, the test jobs were accomplished. The experiments were based on a piezoceramic transmitter with assigned frequency and amplitude of sonic oscillations. Distilled water was chosen as working fluid. The paper presents experimental dependency of the liquid temperature variation and calculated evaporation rate for situations of composite sonic and vacuum exposure or separate influence of every factor. Comparison of calculated and experimental value of liquid temperature while evaporation demonstrated the compliance with 10 % accuracy. The research presents the regression analysis for the factor impacting the liquid evaporation rate: pressure inside the vacuum chamber and power of sonic exposure. The regression equation was derived for estimating the impact of sonic and vacuum exposure on the liquid evaporation rate during experiments at different pressures and liquid mass. The suggestions for further studies were formulated as well.

An experimental investigation of coinstantaneous heat and mass transfer phenomena between water and air in a counter flow wet cooling tower filled with a new type packing named “FCP-08” is presented in this paper. The packing consisted of foamed ceramic corrugated board with sine waves and surface retention groove is 1.0 m high and have a cross sectional test area of 0.68x0.68 m². The present investigation is focused mainly on the effect of the water/air mass flow ratio on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of the cooling tower, for different inlet water temperatures. The results show that the cooling water range R and the cooling tower efficiency e decrease with the increase of water/air mass flow ratio L/G . Meanwhile, the cooling characteristic coefficient KαV/L slightly decreases with the increase of water/air mass flow ratio and the value is obviously higher than that of other packing investigated before. The expression of cooling characteristic coefficient related to water/air mass flow ratio and inlet water temperature is obtained by linear fitting. The comparison between the obtained results and those found in the literature for other types of packing indicates that cooling performance of the tower with foam ceramic packing is better.

The article presents a methodology of comprehensive study of thermal radiation emitted by furnace gases during solid fuel combustion. The characteristics of initial fuel and chemical composition of flyash are described. The absorption coefficients of the gaseous phase in relation to the wavelength, temperature, and concentration of the main gas components are measured. The gas composition was determined by calculation of the total combustion products, as well as experimentally (through a gas analyzer). The experimental results on the particle shapes and sizes, the distribution function of flyash particles, the fusibility of mineral part were used to calculate the radiation characteristics of the condensed phase. Calculations of emission characteristics of furnace gases (spectral and integral flux densities and emissivity factors) depending on the influence of each phase at different operating temperatures are presented. The method efficiency is estimated through comparing with calculated and experimental data on the emission characteristics for homogeneous and heterogeneous combustion products. Spectral ranges were chosen to determine the temperature for furnace gases, a plume, and the surface of flyash deposits on the furnace walls. Experimental dependences of the emissivity factors for flyash deposits on temperature are presented. The findings can be used to calculate heat fluxes, for the purposes of furnace gases pyrometry, and to determine the temperature level in the compilation of operational maps for the boiler.

The processes of heat and mass transfer occurring in real furnaces of the industrial TPS’s have been investigated with the aid of advanced methods of the three-dimensional computer modeling. The computational experiments have been done on the study of the aerodynamics of high-temperature flows and heat transfer characteristics at a combustion of a low-grade Karaganda coal of the KR200 brand in the combustion chamber of the BKZ-75 boiler of the Shakhtinsk TPS. As a result of the execution of numerical experiments, the aerodynamic pattern of high-temperature flows as well as the temperature distribution in the main cross sections of the furnace chamber and along its height have been obtained. The radiation heat flux on the combustion chamber walls has been computed by the methods of numerical modeling, which has enabled the determination of the regions of its maximum action on furnace shields. The obtained pattern of the distribution in the furnace space of the heat release intensity at combustion determines the regions of the maximum interaction of the fuel and oxidizer.

A new composite phase change material based on porous diatomite, saturated with paraffin by immersion method, has been developed. The results of the study of heat propagation in this material heated from one side with a constant power source are presented. On the basis of the enthalpy model, numerical computations were carried out, a comparison with the experimental results was made, and the influence of the properties of the composite material on the thermal processes in it was analyzed. In the computations, the heat flux power, the phase transition temperature range, and the characteristics of the phase change material were varied. The analysis of the computation results has shown that the use of the phase change material allows not only increasing the heat-storage capacity of the composite material, but also controlling the heat fluxes. As a result, it becomes possible to reduce the peak values of the heat flux passing through the material and to limit the material temperature range during heating for a long time.

In this work, natural convection of Cu-water nanofluid in a vertical cylindrical annulus enclosure with two discrete heat sources of different lengths is numerically investigated using the finite volume method with SIMPLER algorithm. The adiabatic unheated portions and the discrete heat sources are mounted at the inner wall. The top and bottom walls are thermally isolated, while the outer wall is maintained at a lower temperature. The effects of nanofluid solid volume fraction on hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics such as average and local Nusselt numbers, streamlines, and isotherm patterns for the Rayleigh number ranges from 10³ to 10⁶ and solid volume fraction ranges from 0 to 0.1 are presented. The heat transfer and temperature of heaters depend on the Rayleigh number, the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles, and the length of heaters.

Using the recently developed explicit anisotropic algebraic Reynolds-stress model, calculations were performed to study the stable boundary layer dynamics according to the well-known test case of the GABLS1 (Global Energy and Water Cycle Experi-ment Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study) project, where the Richardson number Ri > 1. The model includes the effect of gravity waves, which allows taking into account the momentum maintenance under strong stability conditions. The model shows good agreement with the results of LES simulation. The study aims at obtaining a much more realistic boundary layer, shallower in depth than in traditional first-order models. The case of a constant surface cooling rate is considered. Some interesting features of the model are related to its deduction based on physical principles. In particular, the use of a larger number of prognostic equations in the model makes it possible to obtain more realistic dynamic behavior.

Paper reports on optical diagnostics and numerical simulation of the flow structure and transport of a passive scalar in a turbulent swirling jet with vortex core breakdown. Based on the measurements of the instantaneous velocity and concentration fields by PIV and PLIF techniques, the Reynolds stresses and Reynolds fluxes are evaluated and compared to those obtained from URANS and LES simulations. Based on the experimental data and LES-simulation results, the local convective and turbulent transport of the passive scalar are analyzed.

In this paper, a numerical investigation of airfoil flow control using passive air jet is presented. The study of generate a passive jet from pressure side to suction side was conducted in order to improve the airfoil characteristics. Such characteristics include boundary layer separation and stall inception. The numerical simulations conducted using CFDRC software. Different structured and unstructured finite volume technique is used to solve the steady compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The code results were validated with the experimental testing results for different turbulence model. Parametric study is performed for the location, slot width and angle of a synthetic jet on the suction side of a subsonic flow over a NACA 23012C airfoil. The maximum lift is achieved with the jet flow being normal to suction side surface but this come with penalty of the high drag. The maximum lift to drag ratio was accompanying with synthetic jet being located at 43% chord and 30° jet angle. Finally, optimum geometry of jet is obtained using simplex algorithm with initial shape obtained from the parametric study.

A method for estimating the location of the laminar-turbulent transition is described, which is based on the theory of linear stability under the condition of the acoustic field presence. In the stable region near the stability loss location, the amplitude of the velocity disturbances is determined, which are excited by an external sound wave. By virtue of the proximity of sound wave parameters and proper oscillations, the obtained value of the amplitude is accepted to be equal to the amplitude of the growing wave of the boundary layer. At some downstream point, the Reynolds stresses corresponding to this amplitude become equal to several percents of laminar stresses of the undisturbed boundary layer. Based on experimental data it is accepted in the work that at the transition onset, the Reynolds stresses amount to 12 % of laminar stresses. The use of the proposed criterion accounting for external disturbances gives a good agreement between the computed and experimental data. Right up to the transition, the growth of disturbances in boundary layer is des-cribed well by the linear equations of stability.

The paper studies the process of liquid atomization in high-speed gas jets with application to a subject of high-rate fuel nozzles. Experiments were carried out for gas-liquid jet with the central-axis feeding of liquid to the outlet of a confuser-type nozzle with pumping of air in subsonic and supersonic flow regimes. The energy balance approach was developed for describing a gas-liquid jet. This provided us the needed data for comprehensive description of the gas-liquid jet: gas velocity field without liquid, shadow visualization of geometry and wavy structure of a jet with liquid and with pure gas, velocity profiles for liquid phase, spray droplet size, spray concentration and spatial distribution. The gas-liquid flow was characterized by Weber number from the time of liquid jet breakup till the final spray.

The interaction of a carbon-dioxide jet and a burning propane-butane jet with a rotating disk prepared from a cellular porous nickel highly permeable to gases has been experimentally studied. Visual pictures of the flow pattern and the spatial distributions of gas concentrations and temperatures were obtained. Modeling of the fuel mixing with air using carbon dioxide has shown that there exists a certain correlation between the initial distribution of CO₂ concentrations and the distributions of temperatures and propane-butane combustion product components. It is shown that the burning of a propane-butane mixture on the disk is accompanied by the heating of the disk surfaces to 800-900 °C. The steady burning modes are identified versus the rate of fuel consumption, the disk-to-nozzle separation, and the speed of disk rotation.

The experimental values of the effective thermal conductivity of water at transverse streamlining of the in-line rod bundles with square packing have been obtained. The effective thermal conductivity of water was measured in the direction parallel to the axes of the rods. The measurement method implied mixing of two flat parallel water flows in the working area; the latter moved at the same velocities, but had different temperatures. By measuring the flow temperatures before and after the mixing area, the amount of heat transferred from the hot to the cold flow was determined and the effective thermal conductivity of the liquid was calculated. In the investigated range of Reynolds numbers (from 7× QUOTE _{10³ to 8× QUOTE 10⁴), calculated by the velocity in a narrow section, the experimental effective thermal conductivity of water showed a linear increase with increasing velocity and good agreement with the results of calculations by the integral turbulence model. The obtained experimental data have confirmed the possibility of using an integral turbulence model to calculate the parameters of the anisotropic porous solid model, used in CFD codes simulating thermal-hydraulic processes in the active zones of nuclear reactors and heat exchangers.}

In the present paper, we study the development of disturbances on a solid (continuous) plate and on a plate covered with a sound-absorbing coating, both installed at an angle of attack in a hypersonic flow (М_¥ = 8.44) of a vibrationally excited mixture of carbon dioxide with nitrogen. The rms fluctuations of pressure were measured on the surface of the plates in a short-duration IT-302M wind tunnel of ITAM SB RAS. The numerical simulation was performed on the basis of solving the two-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes equations and a two-temperature model of relaxation flows. In modeling a real porous coating, a skeletal model was used. The model is formed by square elements arranged in staggered order with a distance between elements equal to the diameter of the pores in the sound-absorbing material used in the experiment. Data on the dynamics of the disturbance development on the solid plate and on the plate with the sound-absorbing coating under different conditions of the incident flow are reported. The effect of various parameters of the sound-absorbing coating (depth, length, and location on the plate) was studied. It is shown that the sound-absorbing coating significantly (up to 50 %) suppresses the intensity of pressure fluctuations on the plate surface as compared with the solid surface. A good agreement between the calculated and experimental data on the pressure pulsations on the surface of the plates is demonstrated.

The influences of Hall current and velocity slip on MHD Casson nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching sheet have been analyzed numerically. The Casson fluid model is applied to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. Physical mechanisms responsible for Brownian motion and thermophoresis with non-uniform internal heat generation/absorption are accounted for in the model. A recently proposed boundary condition requiring zero nanoparticle mass flux is applied to achieve practically applicable results. The partial differential equations are transformed into the system of ordinary differential equations by applying similarity transformation, which is then solved numerically. A validation of the work is presented by comparing the current results with existing literature. The results have revealed that the axial skin friction, the transverse skin friction, the heat, and mass transfer rates are significantly boosted with an increase in Hall parameter.

When determining the thermodynamic (true) temperature of an opaque material by the thermal radiation spectrum, the parametric model of spectral emissivity is chosen so that this model and sought material temperature can be considered adequate to the initial experimental data. The possible adequacy conditions are analyzed. The process of choosing a model on the basis of experimental data published for a tungsten sample heated in vacuum at a constant temperature is considered as an example.

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the concept for enhancing film cooling performance by placing shaped vortex generators (VG) upstream of the film hole. Nine cases with different shapes of vortex generators are investigated, including the rectangular shape, triangular shape, parallelogram shape, and trapezoid shape. The film cooling performance is evaluated at the density of 0.97 with the blowing ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.5. Results obtained show that the film cooling performance is greatly improved by the upstream VG. The twisted flow rotates in the opposite direction of kidney vortices, attenuating its effect. Furthermore, the case with rectangular VG shows the most uniform coolant layer in the spanwise direction and the highest averaged adiabatic cooling effectiveness while the total pressure loss increases a bit as a penalty.

The crisis of heat transfer in a FC-72 liquid film moving under the action of a gas flow along a smooth or micro-finned heater was experimentally investigated. It is shown that the use of micro-finning leads to an increase in the critical heat flux, since additional washing of the heated surface occurs due to the capillary effect.

The article identifies and quantifies the main features of the modern territorial structure of the economy and population of the Baikal region: latitudinal zonality, meridional west-east asymmetry, gravitation toward main traffic arteries, localization of the industrial potential within territorial-production complexes, and concentration around chief towns and urban agglomerations (core-periphery contrasts), the difference between “Russian” and “non-Russian” (“ethnic”) regions. We established principal trends in transformation of this structure in the post-Soviet stage: the shift of industry to peripheral regions and strengthening of its resource and raw material specialization, domonation of large capital in the region and property redistribution between private all-Russian companies and state corporations of our country, strengthening of inter-municipal central-peripheral polarization of settlements with growing regional centers and their immediate environment. We consider opportunities for a breakthrough in the economic development of the region during the implementation of the project “Nоvyi Angarstroi”.

The article investigates the current state and development opportunities of the forest complex of the Far East as a possible industry of global specialization. Two essential factors are considered for their influence on the forest complex - the institutions and the external demand. It is demonstrated that public industrial support for development of high added value production is getting more restrained. As the region became the object of special attention from the federal center, regional support is generally provided to large businesses. It is revealed that external demand is ever more oriented to the Chinese market both in timber trade and investment participation. It is shown that the prospects of forest complex development in the Far East are connected with creation of a pulp and paper mill where institutional and external factors converge the most.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the dynamics of some socio-economic processes to assess changes in the social sphere in the sub-federal units of the Russian Federation of the South of the Far East and the Baikal region after the reforms that began in connection with the implementation of the “May decrees” of the President in 2012. According to the Romer-Lucas model, the increase in knowledge and the quality of human capital are key conditions for the development of territories in the long term, so the state of health and education is one of the most important factors in solving geopolitical problems in the East of the country. The calculations showed that the reform in the social sphere did not bring the expected positive results either in the context of the individual welfare of workers, or in terms of increasing the availability of education and health services, at least in the public sector. This is equally true for those border regions where new measures of institutional transformation have taken place - that is, in the South of the Far East, and for the Baikal region “not covered” by these measures. The results confirmed the thesis that in the regional policy in the East it is important to focus not so much on the volume as on the quality of investments: to what extent they contribute to the improvement of the basic conditions that determine the improvement of the quality of life of citizens.

This article studies the dynamics of ecological and economic development of the Far East regions and sub-federal units of the Baikal region in the context of new institutions being formed in the East of the country. For each region and the Russian Federation, per capita indicators of economic development and environmental pressure were calculated for the following periods: 2009-2012 and 2012-2016. To study the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution we calculated a decoupling index (Dt). The study revealed inequality in the ecological and economic development of the analyzed regions: in 2016, the difference in per capita GRDP between the territories with maximum and minimum values was almost 5-fold. Significant differences between regions are also noted in terms of a negative impact on the environment. Our results show that in most of the Eastern regions the effect of decoupling is evident relative to the discharge of polluted wastewater and air polluting emissions from stationary sources. It is concluded that institutional changes in accordance with the new model of development of the Far East have not yet had a significant positive impact on the environmental and economic development indicators of the analyzed regions.