V.A. Banakh
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: доплеровский ветровой лидар, лидар для измерения интенсивности оптической турбулентности, wind Doppler lidar, the lidar for measuring intensity of optical turbulence
The main results Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, on the research and development of lidar methods and means for the study of atmospheric turbulence performed at the last five years are received.
V.I. Perevalov, Yu.N. Ponomarev, I.V. Ptashnik, L.N. Sinitsa
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: молекулярная спектроскопия высокого разрешения, спектры поглощения, лазерная спектроскопия, Фурье-спектроскопия, оптика атмосферы, информационные системы, спектральные базы данных, high-resolution molecular spectroscopy, absorption spectra, laser spectroscopy, Fourier spectroscopy, atmospheric optics, information systems, spectral databases
Results of high-resolution molecular spectroscopy investigations conducted at IAO SB RAS during the last five years are outlined in this brief review. We consider theoretical problems of vibrational-rotational spectra of basic molecules of atmospheric gases, spectral line contours, problems of the atmospheric continuum absorption, and databases of molecular spectral characteristics in gas phase. In the section of experimental investigations, the main attention is devoted to results obtained by the Fourier spectroscopy methods using laser diodes as a radiation source, as well as results obtained at a Fourier spectrometer with a multipath 30-meter cell with computer control of optical path length under temperature and pressure variations of a gas under study.
In the work dedicated to the 50th anniversary of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, review of experimental studies that have identified important stages in the development of a comprehensive study of aerosol life in the atmosphere is presented in a certain chronology. The main results of a series of expeditionary studies of the optical and microphysical properties of aerosol of marine coastal haze, arid zone, and various geographical regions of the oceans are briefly discussed. A modern set of methods and equipment that we use to measure aerosol characteristics in the monitoring mode at the network of IAO SB RAS stations is described. The results of long-term studies of tropospheric aerosol using aircraft laboratory are presented.
We present the results of studies on controlling the characteristics of the multiple filamentation domain of femtosecond laser pulses on atmospheric paths using variable initial spatial focus, beam radius, and pulse energy, as well as the structure of the light field at the initial beam aperture.
An analysis is made of the development of lidar and searchlight methods of atmospheric research carried out in recent years at the Institute of Atmospheric Optics. A description is given of using the temperature dependence of the intensity ratio of the optimal combination of temperature-sensitive lines of the rotational Raman spectrum on nitrogen and oxygen molecules for the lidar determination of temperature profiles. The application of the method of differential absorption and scattering to estimate the content of gas impurities in the UV and near and middle IR ranges is described. The possibility of placing a differential absorption lidar on a space platform to determine the total content of methane and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is analyzed. The conditions for the detection of polar and silvery clouds in the atmosphere above Tomsk are studied. The lidar-optical characteristics of cirrus clouds consisting of ice crystal aggregates are also determined. The use of postfilation beams for wide-spectrum sensing of an aerosol atmosphere has been founded. The results of searchlight sensing of atmospheric formations that create the phenomenon of mirror reflection are given.
V.A. Dimaki, V.G. Sokovikov, S.N. Torgaev, M.V. Trigub, V.O. Troitskii, D.V. Shiyanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: лазеры на парах металлов, галогениды металлов, эффективность лазера, активная теплоизоляция, генератор активной примеси, внутренний реактор, оптическая накачка, усилитель яркости, активные оптические системы, metal vapor lasers, metal halides, laser efficiency, active thermal insulation, active impurity generator, inner reactor, optical pumping, brightness amplifier, active optical systems
The main stages of development of the direction associated with the engineering and research of metal vapor lasers, which exists in the IAO SB RAS since the first days of its foundation, are considered. Some of the most interesting, in the opinion of the authors, results that have both fundamental and applied nature are presented. A fairly extensive list of works published in the Institute on this subject is given, mainly in the last twenty years.
V.V. Belov1, M.V. Tarasenkov1, M.V. Engel1, Yu.V. Gridnev1, A.V. Zimovaya1, V.N. Abramochkin2, E.S. Poznakharev1, A.V. Fedosov1, A.N. Kudryavtsev1 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia 2Section of Applied Problems under the Presidium, N
Keywords: оптическая связь на рассеянном лазерном излучении, метод Монте-Карло, полевые эксперименты, optical communication on scattered laser radiation, Monte Carlo method, field experiments
The results obtained at IAO SB RAS in 2010-2019 on problems of atmospheric correction of satellite images of the Earth surface and of optical communication based on scattered laser radiation in the optical wavelength range in the atmosphere and under water are briefly rewieved.
The development of adaptive optics as an effective means of eliminating irregular distortions, which occur during light propagation through an inhomogeneous medium, using controlled optical elements is described. Many ideas developed in recent years have been suggested quite long ago, but only now, due to the creation of elemental base of optoelectronic systems and devices, they come into use in many fields of science and technology. The current status of adaptive optics systems in solar astronomy is considered; some aspects of their use in distortion correction in high-power laser systems are analyzed. The retrospective analysis of the related studies at V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, is presented.
According to long-term measurements of concentrations of greenhouse gases in the surface air layer and the free atmosphere trends of changes in their concentrations in Siberia are estimated. It is established that change of concentration of CO2 in a ground layer of air changes across the territory of Siberia from 2.13 to 2.45 ppm/year, concentration of a methane increases with a speed from 5.7 to 16.3 ppb/year. Increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the free atmosphere happens for CO2 to speed of 2.09 ppm/year in a layer from 0.5 to 7.0 km. A methane increases on average in a layer of 0.5-7.0 km with the rate of 5.1 ppb/year. Concentration of nitrous oxide grows at all heights on average with a trend of 0.78 ppb/year. In comparison with global average rates, the established trends exceed them on CO2 and CH4, and appear less for N2O.
S.L. Odintsov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: акустическое зондирование, приземный слой, пограничный слой, содар, ультразвуковой анемометр-термометр, acoustic sounding, atmospheric surface layer, atmospheric boundary layer, sodar, ultrasonic anemometer-thermometer
The paper briefly considers the main fields of research and results of investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer with methods and technical facilities of acoustic diagnostics in V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, for the last decade.
V.P. Aksenov1, V.V. Dudorov1, V.V. Kolosov1
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: вихревой пучок, турбулентная атмосфера, флуктуации интенсивности, функция распределения вероятностей, vortex beam, turbulent atmosphere, intensity fluctuations, probability density functions
A review of studies on the singular optics of scalar wave fields carried out in the world and IAO SB RAS is performed. The results of the study of the processes of birth and annihilation of phase singularities are generalized. The methods of reconstruction of the singular phase and their applicability to the problems of adaptive focusing of radiation in randomly inhomogeneous media are analyzed. The results of the analysis of the energy, statistical, and topological properties of vortex optical beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere are presented. The results of the synthesis of vortex beams with on-line control of the orbital angular momentum based on the matrix approach developed at IAO SB RAS are demonstrated.
S. TABATA
Slavic Research Center of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Keywords: Арктика, арктические регионы, федеральный бюджет, региональный бюджет, налоги, Arctic, Arctic regions, federal budget, regional budget, taxes
Subsection: REGIONAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC ISSUES OF FEDERALISM
The article analyzes financial flows emerging between the Russian Arctic regions and the federal budget. The Arctic regions in Russia are financially sound across the board and provide meaningful contributions to the federal budget. The regions in question are capable of independent development without permanent subsidies from the federal center, even considering environmental and local security expenditures.
S.A. SUSPITSYN
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk , Russia
Keywords: стратегическое планирование, национальные проекты, прогнозы, эволюция, макрорегионы, Сибирь, strategic planning, national projects, forecasts, evolution, macro-regions, Siberia
Subsection: REGIONAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC ISSUES OF FEDERALISM
The article analyzes the features of the social and economic development in Russia and its regions between 2001 and 2018 in their effect on implementing strategic tasks formulated for the period up to 2024 in a major package consisting of the Laws of the Russian Federation, Presidential Decrees and Government Executive Orders on ensuring sustainable progressive socio-economic development of the country, adopted by the early 2019. We discuss a number of important policy documents, aimed at a qualitative change in the country’s economic situation: Comprehensive Implementation Plan for National Projects, designed in accordance with the 2018 May Decree of the President of the Russian Federation; Forecast of the Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation until 2024, prepared by the Russian Ministry of Economic Development; Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025, approved by the Government Order. The article substantiates a concept of constructing a genetic scenario for the development of a multi-regional system in the Russian Federation relying on a synthetic generation between the essential features of the project and evolutionary economics. We define a methodical scheme for organizing calculations under such a scenario based on a systematic compilation of best regional management practices. We used calculations to check the design of a system that should consist of 32 Russian macro-regions selected according to similar development conditions and types. We compare it with the system of 12 macro-regions proposed in the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation. We carried out calculations for the proposed system of macro-regions and analyzed both their results and some results of calculations for regions in the Siberian Federal District. In conclusion, we put forward some suggestions on how to improve the state regional socio-economic policy based on the experience of constructing genetic scenarios for the development of the regional system in the country.
E.A. Chasovnikov1, S.A. Chasovnikov2 1Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Voevodskii Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: модель спускаемого аппарата, свободные колебания, эквивалентное аэродинамическое демпфирование, reentry vehicle model, free oscillations, equivalent aerodynamic damping
Two methods are developed for determining the equivalent aerodynamic damping of reentry vehicle models. In the first method, the equivalent aerodynamic damping is determined on the basis of the experimental envelopes of the transitional process for the angle of attack changing with time; in the second method, all experimental points of the transitional process are involved. Both methods are found to produce similar results. The adequacy of the methods is verified by an example of a reentry vehicle model, which demonstrates that the predicted transitional processes for the angle of attack changing with time are in good agreement with the experimental data.
The effectiveness of use of an ejector pump for controlling the flow around a wing under take-off and landing conditions of flight is investigated. The proposed device permits organization of simultaneous suction of boundary layer through a slot on the upper surface of the wing and gas blowing in the vicinity of the trailing edge of wing through a flat slot-type diffuser; the latter makes it possible to effectively implement the principle of wing-flow control using gas suction and jet blowing. The design of the ejector pump makes it possible to obtain values of suction and blowing velocities of order 50-100 m/s. The paper proposes a mathematical model of the flow around the wing airfoil taking into account the operation of the ejector pump, and presents results of a computational study of aerodynamic characteristics of one- and three-element wing airfoil under landing conditions. It is shown that the simultaneous use of suction and blowing improves the flight characteristics of the mechanized airfoil more effectively in comparison with the separate use of these means.
The results of numerical investigation of the interaction of a supersonic free stream with the Mach number of 3.85 with a transverse gas jet blown from the surface of an axisymmetric model located at zero angle of attack with respect to the flow are presented. The numerical modeling was conducted using the averaged Navier-Stokes equations employing the k-w SST turbulence model. The investigation of the influence of the gas jet blowing on pressure redistribution over the axisymmetric model surface and on the formation of an additional transverse force and moment has also been conducted. The shift of the blowing orifice along the model length leads to a significant variation of arising forces and moments. A fundamental difference in the distribution of pressures over the surface at the jet blowing from the axisymmetric body and from a flat plate is shown.
The peculiarities of the change of the regimes “diffusion-gravitational concentration convection” have been studied numerically. It is shown that at a certain mixture composition and pressure, substantially nonlinear distributions of the concentrations of components arise at the expense of the difference in the diffusion coefficients of components, which lead to the corresponding distribution of the gaseous mixture density. This is a reason for the formation of structured formations and the rise of convective instability in the mixtures under study. The time of the rise of convective flows and of the mean velocity of the components transfer has been estimated. Obtained results are compared with experimental data.
N.P. Moshkin1, A.V. Fomina2, and G.G. Chernykh3,4 1Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novokuznetsk Institute KemSU, Novokuznetsk, Russia 3Institute of Computational Technologies SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 4Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: stratified fluid, cylindrical zone of turbulent mixing, longitudinal horizontally uniform shear flow, numerical simulation
A numerical model has been constructed and the investigation of the dynamics of a cylindrical localized region of turbulent disturbances in a longitudinal horizontally ho-mogeneous shear flow of a linearly stratified fluid has been carried out. Computation-al results have shown a considerable generation of turbulence energy at the expense of shear flow gradients. It was also found that the shear flow affects weakly the inter-nal waves generated at the evolution of the turbulent mixing zone.
B.M. Kulik1, A.V. Boiko2,3, I. Lee4 1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia 4Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
Keywords: податливое покрытие, многослойность, вязкоупругие свойства, комплексная податливость, турбулентное течение, снижение гидродинамического трения, compliant coating, multilayering, viscoelastic properties, complex compliance, turbulent flow, reduction of hydrodynamic friction
Experiments on the effect of two-layer compliant coatings on the surface friction of a flat plate at flow velocities of up to 16 m/s carried out in a water tunnel are described. To document the properties of the coatings, the dynamic viscoelastic properties of used rubbers were measured in the frequency range approximately corresponding to the frequency range of wall pressure oscillations at current flow velocities. The data on characteristics of the viscoelastic properties of coatings and experimental data on interaction of coatings with the flow form a database required to test various theories and semi-empirical models for predicting the effectiveness of such interaction.
Initiating detonation in a reactive hydrogen-oxygen mixture by a spherical projectile of small diameter, flying with velocity exceeding the Chapman-Jouguet one, has been studied numerically. The mathematical model is based on the given kinetic scheme for the description of chemical reactions. At verification of the computational algorithm, the flow regimes and the detonation cell size were compared for numerical and experimental data. The agreement between the calculated and the experimental flow patterns and the quantitative correspondence of the modes of existence of inclined detonation waves have been obtained.
The paper presents a method for study of thermal emission characteristics from heterogeneous combustion products in a plume of a model solid-fuel rocket engine. Simulation experiments found the influence of speed and temperature types of non-equilibrium on spectral and integral densities of radiation energy flux and emissivity factors. The values of non-equilibrium were determined at different critical nozzle cross sections and at different average sizes of particle. It was found that the speed non-equilibrium has a minor influence within the gas emission bands; meanwhile it is stronger for transparency bands of gas phase. The non-equilibrium in temperature is the main factor in calculating the emission characteristics of the flow, while the speed delay of particles relative the gas flow is manifested stronger at this background.
We studied a lean propane-butane-air mixture ascending through a round hole of 10-mm diameter, covered by a brass mesh as a single element of the multicellular flame. Gas temperature was measured by the CARS method (Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering) with original software for spectra processing. The vertical and horizontal velocity components were measured by the PIV method (Particle Image Velocimetry). Distributions of heat release intensity and heat fluxes, which cannot be obtained in direct measurements, were estimated using balance relationships in the energy equation. The results were compared with the data obtained for the rich mixture flame in experiments with the same burner. Convective and molecular heat fluxes were considered separately. It was shown that when the rich air mixture with propane-butane burns, the heat flux caused by thermal conductivity reach a maximum at the center of the heat-release zone. Their intensity is substantially lower in comparison with the convective fluxes behind the flame front, which in turn are almost twice as weak as the convective flux in the flame of a lean mixture. The maximal intensities of heat release in the flame of a rich mixture are lower than in the lean one.
P.D. Toktaliev1,2, I.O. Galitskiy1, S.I. Martynenko1,2, A.V. Volokhov1, E.S. Amosova1, V.M. Volokhov1, L.S. Yanovskiy1,2 1Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia 2Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: топливо, система охлаждения, оптимизация, fuel, cooling system, optimization
A mathematical model of physical and chemical processes in a turbulent flow of mixtures of alkanes with the number of carbon atoms 0 < C < 9 in heated channels has been developed. The Navier-Stokes equations were used to describe the turbulent transfer, and a detailed kinetic mechanism served to describe the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons. A detailed description of the developed model and the results of its verification based on experimental data is given. In the present paper, the model is used to numerically study the conjugate heat transfer in a plane heated channel of the cooling system of advanced ramjet aircraft engines on endothermic hydrocarbon fuels. A two-criterion optimization of the initial composition of endothermic hydrocarbon fuel was performed to obtain the maximum endo-thermic effect and energy content of the resulting hydrocarbon fuel mixture, further fed into the combustion chamber of the engine. The limitations in the optimization are the maximum permissible temperature of the heated channel walls (the condition of thermal resistance of the structure) and the maximum acceptable degree of decomposition of the hydrocarbon mixture, in excess of which the intensive formation of solid deposits begins on the washed channel walls.
S.V. Alekseenko1, I.S. Anufriev1,2, S.S. Arsentyev1,3, S. Vigriyanov1, E.P. Kopyev1, O.V. Sharypov1 1Kutatelazde Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: горелочное устройство, жидкое топливо, струя перегретого водяного пара, состав продуктов, калориметрические измерения
The main characteristics of liquid hydrocarbon combustion in a jet of superheated steam were studied. The influence of main physical parameters of steam flow on combustion parameters (temperature distribution in flame, generated heat power, combustion products composition) were measured for the original burner apparatus.
On the basis of available experimental data, we have performed an analytical study of the concentration of saturated vapor over a liquid film formed from droplets being deposited onto the wall of an adiabatic channel under gas-droplet film cooling. The analysis was carried out by varying the main parameters of the mixing jets, namely, the ejection coefficient, the concentration of the liquid, and the main-flow temperature. An approximating dependence for the concentration of saturated vapor in the presence of the liquid film is obtained, and the effect due to the flow non-isothermality is taken into account.
K.-X. Liu1, C.-A. Ai1, X.-R. Wang1, X.-F. Cai1, Y. Wang2
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:135:"1Xi’an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi’an, China 2National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China";}
Keywords: система быстрого предварительного охлаждения, коэффициент теплообмена, шероховатость стенки, число диссипации энтранса, rapid precooler, heat transfer coefficient, wall roughness, entransy dissipation number
Under the background of highly compact heat exchanger design core for the hypersonic aerospace precooled engine, a rapid precooler is designed and its performance is simulated under the high-altitude background. To this end, firstly, according to the known parameter range, a plate tube-fin rapid precooler unit with the optimal parameters is designed by using the genetic algorithm to find the minimum of the objective function-entransy dissipation number. Then introducing the roughness viscosity coefficient into the improved finite volume method, the effect of rapid heat transfer enhancement is obvious. The fin design can improve the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger unit by 46.5 %. Finally, the rapid precooler is designed based on the unit. The performance simulation results indicate that the average temperature has decreased by 735 K for less than 1.5 ms hot air flowing through the rapid precooler at a high speed. The purpose of rapid heat transfer enhancement is achieved. Also we explore the influence of different hot air velocity and coolant velocity on rapid precooler and investigate the influence of scale effect on heat transfer performance.
Yu.V. Lyulin1,2, A.S. Kreta2, O.A. Kabov2,3 1Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia 2Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: конвекция, термокапиллярная граница раздела, двухфазные течения, испарение, PIV-метод, convection, thermocapillary interface, two-phase flows, evaporation, PIV-method
The structure of convective flows in a horizontal evaporating layer of liquid (ethanol) was studied experimentally depending on the velocity of gas (air) flowing near the interface. Using the PIV method, we measured distribution of the two-dimensional velocity field and visualized the convective flows in a liquid layer. The existence of a vortex flow structure in an evaporating liquid layer, when the interface moves towards the gas flow, was proved.
V.A. Arkhipov1, S.S. Bondarchuk2,3, V.V. Shekhovtsov4, O.G. Volokitin4, A.S. Anshakov5, V.I. Kuzmin6 1Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 2Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies SB RAS, Biysk, Russia 3Tomsk State Pedagogic University, Tomsk, Russia 4Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Tomsk, Russia 5Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 6Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: электроплазменная установка, низкотемпературная плазма, пористые частицы, кремнезем, полые микросферы, скорость частиц, нагрев, плавление и испарение частиц, математическое моделирование, electric plasma setup, low temperature plasma, porous particles, silica, hollow microspheres, particle velocity, particle heating, melting and evaporation, simulation
The paper presents simulation results for the dynamics of motion, heating, and melting of porous silica particles by electro-plasma technology during production of hollow silica microspheres. With the use of available analytical and numerical solutions of equations of motion and energy for particle flow, we analyze the laws of evolution of particle parameters in the plasma flow for the case of particle diameter varying in the range D = (250-350) mm and for porosity in the range П = (0-0.6).
30 December, 2018 is the 80th anniversary of the chief researcher of the Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Doctor of Technical Sciences, full member of the International Energy Academy, Professor Vladimir V. Salomatov.
On December 24, 2018, the well-known scientist in the field of fluid and gas mechanics, honored scientist of the Russian Federation, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, Professor Albert F. Kurbatskii passed away.
Sh. A. Telkov1, I. Yu. Motovilov1, M. B. Barmenshinova1, N. L. Medyanik2, G. S. Daruesh1 1Satpaev Kazakh National Research Technical University, Almaty, 050013 Kazakhstan 2Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, 455000 Russia
Keywords: Свинец, цинк, фракционный анализ, кривые обогатимости типа Анри - Рейнгардта, индекс гравитационной обогатимости, легкая фракция, тяжелая фракция, Lead, zinc, float-and-sink analysis, Henry-Reinhard-type washability curves, gravity washability index, light fraction, heavy fraction
The research results on gravity concentration of the Shalkiya deposit lead-zinc ore are presented. Using the float-and-sin analysis data, the Henry-Reinhard-type washability curves are calculated and plotted for separation size grade 40-8 mm. The separation density required for recovery of light fraction at minimum possible loss of lead and zinc, as well as the the gravity washability indexes are determined. It is found that the overhead product of the gravity concentration of coarse ore is tailings containing silicon, calcite and carbon black dioxides. The loss of lead and zinc is minor. Processing of coarse crushed ore should be carried out in heavy medium.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:34:"A. A. Lavrinkenko, G. Yu. Gol’berg";}
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
Keywords: Флокуляционные структуры, флокулянты, минеральные суспензии, режим течения, неизотропная турбулентность, напряжение сдвига, деструкция, Flocs, flocculants, mineral suspensions, flow regime, nonisotropic turbulence, shear stress, destruction
The breakage mechanism of flocs in mineral suspensions under shearing is considered. The relationship of limiting dynamic shear stress, diameter of particles and flocculant consumption is determined. It is calculated that for the floc structure to be preserved, it is required that the maximum allowable flow velocity of suspensions in pipelines 0.2-0.6 m in diameter is on average 1.8, 2.6 and 3.9 m/s at flocculant consumptions of 50, 100 and 200 g/t, respectively. The inverse problem on minimum allowable diameters of pipelines is solved. At the suspension flow rates of 100-1000 m3/h and flocculant consumption of 50-200 g/t, these values range from 0.1 to 0.4 m. The increase in the flocculant consumption by 2 times, all other things being equal, conditions reduction in the allowable diameter of pipelines by 20%.
A. I. Nepomnyashchikh1, A. P. Zhaboedov1, M. G. Volkova1, A. M. Fedorov1, V. N. Yashin2 1Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033 Russia 2Baikal Finance and Production Company, Ulan-Ude, 670000 Russia
Keywords: Кварц, минеральные примеси, флюидные включения, кварцевый концентрат, кварцевое стекло, Quarts, mineral impurities, fluid inclusions, quartz concentrate, quartz glass
The research results are presented for dressability of quartzites from the Garga quartzite region of the East Sayan. From the detailed analysis of the structure, texture, mineral and fluid inclusions in the chemical constitution, bright veined quartzites and coaly veined quartzites were distinguished in the Urda-Gargan block. Both kinds are readily dressed up quartz concentrates of deep concentration. The fist quartzite kind can be used in manufacturing of transparent optical quartz glass, whereas the second variety is a promising feedstock for carbothermal production of silicon.
Cao Bin-fang1,2, Xie Yong-fang1, Yang Chun-hua1, Gui Wei-hua1, Li Jian-qi3 1School of Information Science and Engineering, Changsha, 410083 China 2College of Physics and Electronics Science, Hunan 415000 China 3, Hunan 415000 China
Keywords: Пенная флотация, контроль расхода реагента, размер пузырьков, функция распределения случайных величин, управление средствами нечеткой логики, Froth flotation, dosage control, bubble size, probability density function, fuzzy control
The control of flotation processes has always been an important research subject. Many experts and scholars have carried out extensive research to avoid the problems encountered when operating in a manual mode. By combining long-term worker tracking experiments and observations of froth appearance characteristics in a gold-antimony flotation plant, a reagent dosage hybrid control strategy for the antimony flotation process is proposed in this work. This strategy consists of two parts: reagent dosage tracking control based on a froth size probability density function (PDF) and reagent dosage compensation control based on a distributed-machine vision predictive model. The proposed method was tested on a gold-antimony flotation process, and it improved tailings qualification rate to 96.67%, and reduced the tailings standard deviation. This method also efficiently accounts for the influence of disturbances on the flotation system and improves the stability and effectiveness of the flotation system.
In this paper, the influence of alkali on the flocculation of starch on fine hematite was investigated through a series of tests, like turbidities, paste titration, adsorption, conductance, scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR) as well. The results pointed out that alkali concentration has a strong influence on physicochemical changes of starch granules, inducing different adsorption densities on mineral surfaces. A maximum amount of adsorption density (10.5 mg/g hematite) on minerals particles was harvested for the starch digested with sodium hydroxide at a concentration of 0.4 N/g starch. It is worthy to note that starch is not fully digested in the presence of alkali at a concentration of less than 0.4 N/g starch. Higher concentration of hydroxide ions, however, tends to obtain less adsorption density of starch on hematite because too small size/weight remnants in the starch gel have inverse effects on adsorption capacity.
A. M. Krasyuk, I. V. Lugin, P. V. Kosykh, E. Yu. Russky
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: Вентилятор, рабочее колесо, вентиляционный канал, гироскопический момент, структура воздушных потоков, аэродинамические и конструктивные параметры, жесткость опор, критическая скорость, изгибные колебания, Fan, impeller, ventilation passage, gyroscopic moment, air flow structure, aerodynamic and structural parameters, bearing assembly rigidity, critical rotor speed, bending vibrations
The article substantiates the retrofit method for two-stage axial flow fans including an impeller and a flow straightener in each stage. In this method, the two-stage rotor is replaced by a high-rate one-stage rotor within the inlet guide vanes-impeller-flow straightener circuit. As a result, the air flow at the impeller input is uniform per standard, the operational life of the rotor bearing assembly is extended while the rotor mass is largely reduced. The procedure is developed for design and selection of aerodynamic and structural parameters of the remodel axial mine fans. The procedure takes into account the influence of the variable frequency drive and gyroscopic moment of the impeller, as well as the rigidity of the bearing assemblies and ratio of mass-inertia properties of the rotor, which allows determination of critical rotor speeds at early stage of design.
A. A. Sechin1, Yu. F. Patrakov2, A. I. Sechin1 1National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 Russia 2Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, 650065 Russia
Keywords: Угольная пыль, пожаровзрывоопасные свойства, экспериментальная установка, Coal dust, fire/explosion hazard characteristics, experimental plant
The experimental procedure is presented for range test of critical flame spread in the conditions of uniform distribution of particles in dust cloud under varied temperature of the ignition initiation source. Fire and explosion hazard of coal dust is estimated by the method of successive approximations. The feasibility of studying the cold flame effect in inflammation of coal dust suspension in air and its transition to the hot mode burning when dust concentration grows is demonstrated, which is of importance for the theory of safety technology.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:79:"V. N. Makarov, N. V. Makarov, A. V. Ugol’nikov, E. P. Afanasenko, M. B. Nosyrev";}
Ural State Mining University, Yekaterinburg, 620075 Russia
Keywords: Экотехнология, пылеподавление, коагуляция, гидрофобность, циркуляция, угол смачивания, адгезия, энергия поглощения, присоединенный вихрь, Ecotechnology, dust contorl, coagulation, hydrophobicity, circulation, wetting angle, adhesion, absorption energy, added vortex
The mathematical model of hydro vortex inertial kinematic coagulation is proposed; the model largely improves energy efficiency of coal dust blast isolation. The graphical model of interaction between liquid drop and explosive aerosol particle at the contact zone at the moment of collision in the liquid-solid system is refined using the theory of added vortexes. The hypothesis on weakening of the wedge effect of a gas medium in the zone of contact between the explosive aerosol particle owing to an added vortex caused by the drop and particle rotation, is put forward and proved. The equations are obtained for calculating energy required for total absorption of explosive aerosol particles, minimum diameter of the particles and wetting angle in hydro vortex inertial coagulation.
H. Ikeda1, Y. Kawamura1, Z. P. L. Tungol1, M. A. Moridi2, H. Jang2 1Akita University, Akita, 010-8502 Japan 2Curtin University, Kalgoorlie, 6430 WA, Australia
Keywords: Система связи, система Wi-Fi ad hoc, беспроводные сенсорные сети, шахта, система мониторинга, Communication system, Wi-Fi ad hoc, wireless sensor networks, mine, monitoring
The authors present a WI-Fi ad hoc wireless senor communication network for information transmission between data loggers and mobile station (smartphones). The wireless data transmission follows from an underground station to a worker’s smartphone and, then, after the worker has left the mine, to a data logger on the surface. The serviceability of this system was tested by measurement of communication quality indexes in various environments. The tests show that wireless communication between a stationary point and a mobile devise is possible at transfer speeds up to 2 MB/s with a PER below 25% either at a maximum distance of 110 m in a straight path or at a distance of 20 m in case of a corner or turn of the path. The proposed system allows the transmission of 39.6-79.2 MB of monitoring data to a worker moving at 20 km/h.
