I.I. Likhanov, V.V. Reverdatto
V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Metamorphism, geothermobarometry, SHRIMP II U-Pb and 40Ar–39Ar geochronology, Grenville orogeny, Yenisei Ridge, Siberian craton
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
Two metamorphic complexes of the Yenisei Ridge with contrasting composition are analyzed to unravel their tectonothermal evolution and geodynamic processes during the Riphean geologic history of the area. The structural, mineralogical, petrological, geochemical and geochronological data are used to distinguish two stages of the evolution with different ages, thermodynamic regimes, and metamorphic field gradients. Reaction textures, chemical zoning in minerals, shapes of the P–T paths, and isotope dates provide convincing evidence for a polymetamorphic history of the region. The first stage is marked by the formation of the ~ 970 Ma low-pressure zoned And–Sil rocks (P = 3.9–5.1 kbar, T = 510–640 ºC) of the Teya aureole and a high metamorphic field gradient with dT/dH = 25–35 ºC/km typical of many orogenic belts. At the second stage, these rocks experienced Late Riphean (853–849 Ma) collisional medium-pressure metamorphism of the kyanite-sillimanite type (P = 5.7–7.2 kbar, T = 660–700 ºC) and a low metamorphic field gradient with dT/dH < 12 ºC/km. This metamorphic event was almost coeval with the Late Riphean (862 Ma) contact metamorphism in the vicinity of the granitic plutons, which was accompanied by a high metamorphic field gradient with dT/dH > 100 ºC/km. At the first stage, the deepest blocks of the Garevka complex in the vicinity of the Yenisei regional shear zone underwent high-pressure amphibolite-facies metamorphism within a narrow range of P = 7.1–8.7 kbar and T = 580–630 ºC, suggesting the burial of rocks to mid-crustal depths at a metamorphic field gradient with dT/dH ~ 20–25 ºC/km. At the second stage, these rocks experienced the Late Riphean (900–850 Ma) syn-exhumation dynamometamorphism under epidote-amphibolte facies conditions (P = 3.9–4.9 kbar, T = 460–550 ºC) and a low gradient with dT/dH < 10 ºC/km accompanied by the formation of blastomylonitic complexes in shear zones. All these deformation and metamorphic events identified on the western margin of the Siberian craton are correlated with the final episodes of the Late Grenville orogeny and provide supporting evidence for a close spatial connection between Siberia and Laurentia during early Neoproterozoic time, which is in good agreement with recent paleomagnetic reconstuctions.
L.V. Kushch, V.A. Makrygina
A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Favorskogo 1a, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Keywords: Alkaline metasomatic rocks, granitoids, marginal suture of the platform, feathering faults, blastocataclasis, rare–metal mineralization
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
The geologic position, development stages, age, and geochemical features of metasomatic and felsic igneous rocks along the southern edge of the Siberian craton are compared. The comparison shows that all the studied metasomatic rocks are confined to the faults feathering the main suture zone of the craton. From Biryusa zone in the southwest and farther northeast, from Primor’e zone to Davan shear zone and Katugino–Ayan zone in the Aldan area, the metasomatic rocks are of similar composition but show higher mineralization. The process begins with blastocataclasis (barren stage). During the second stage, ore-bearing (Nb, Zr, Hf, and REE) potassic solutions circulate along the blastocataclastic zones. They form metasomatic potassic rocks of the early alkaline stage, expressed subalkalic granitization. The next (acid) stage is marked by the formation of greisens with Sn, Be, Th, U, and W mineralization. The igneous stage might precede or follow the metasomatism. At the time of ongoing tectonic movements, it produces rapakivi–like granites rich in the same elements. Also, a huge volcanoplutonic belt develops along the craton edge during this time. The geochemical features of its felsic volcanics are close to those of the metasomatic rocks and granites. The age of all these rocks is within 2.1–1.6 Ga.
A.A. Sorokin1, V.A. Ponomarchuk2, A.V. Travin2, L.I. Rogulina1, A.V. Ponomarchuk2 1Institute of Geology and Nature Management, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, per. Relochnyi 1, Blagoveshchensk, 675000, Russia 2V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Geodynamics, granites, Mesozoic, Berezitovoe deposit, Selenga–Stanovoy superterrane
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
The age of the major igneous complexes in the western part of the Selenga–Stanovoy superterrane has been estimated by 40Ar/39Ar dating: trachyandesite-basalts of the Kuitun (Chichatka) complex — 259.4 ± 6.2 Ma; gabbro of the Tukuringra complex — 156.3 ± 4.8 Ma; granites and pegmatites of the Tukuringra complex — 153.1 ± 3.8, 154.0 ± 4.4, 156.8 ± 4.0, and 151.2 ± 3.2 Ma; granodiorites, granites, and leucogranites of the Amudzhikan complex — 131.7 ± 2.4, 134.5 ± 2.8, and 131.6 ± 4.2 Ma; and lamprophyre dikes — 125.2 ± 2.4 and 125.2 ± 3.4 Ma. Two stages of hydrothermal ore formation process have been recognized: 132–131 and ~125 Ma. It is shown that the deposit formation and superposed processes follow the general regularities of the Late Mesozoic evolution of the Pacific Asia margin.
In this paper, we have presented some components of a designed terawatt femtosecond laser system with the repetition rate 1 kHz. The system consists of pump and amplification channels which are optically synchronized. The amplification and pump channels are based on parametric amplification in LBO crystal and diode-pumped Yb3+-doped laser media at 77 K, respectively. In the pump channel pulses of picoseconds duration are generated. These pulses pump the non-linear crystal of the parametric amplifier. The system is based on the chirped-pulse amplification technique. For the pump channel, parameters and alignments of the holographic gratings-based stretcher compressor system are determined. The Yb:Y2O3 ceramics multipass amplifier operating at 77 °K diode-pumped by 1 kW was developed. The data can be used in the development of cryogenic multistage femtosecond laser systems working with high a repetition rate in the kilohertz regime.
I.V. Ivanov, V.N. Ivanov
Omsk State Technical University, 644050, Omsk, 11, Prospekt Mira
Keywords: the stochastic perturbation, nonlinear interaction with the environment
Theoretically, by an example of a hydrogen-like atom one of the possible causes of the disturbance of local thermodynamic equilibrium is examined. Using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which is constructed for quantum systems interacting with the environment, population of atomic energy levels is numerically simulated. It was assumed that atoms have a permanent stochastic perturbation. It was found that at high temperatures the probability of population distribution is almost the same as the Boltzmann distribution. However, at relatively low temperatures, there is a noticeable deviation of populations from this distribution. This gives grounds to believe that the nonlinear interaction of atoms with the environment leads to disturbance of local thermodynamic equilibrium.
H. Piquet1, D. Florez2, X. Bonnin1, A. Belinger3, R. Diez2 1Institution Toulouse University. Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 2 rue Camichel-31071 Toulouse cedex, France 2Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7, N 40-62 Faculdad de Ingenieria-110231 Bogotá, Colombia 3Toulouse University. Université Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
Keywords: dielectric barrier discharge, excimer lamps, power supply, optimization, resonant inverter, UV
This paper presents a study of couplings which take place in systems where dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) excimer lamps are supplied with current source electrical power generators. Causal analysis, using the fundamental properties of the DBD, is used for the design of such current sources. A two steps approach is developed here: in order to control the lamp power, with the best efficiency concerning the UV emission, a current shape controlled current generator is set-up to investigate the possible degrees of freedom of the current waveforms: frequency, peak current, pulse duration. On this basis, “optimized” supplying conditions are selected, and a second power generator with high electrical efficiency is designed: its operating mode combines discontinuous current mode and soft-commutation (ZCS), obtaining as well low electromagnetic emissions and reduced switching losses. A classical electrical equivalent model of the lamp is used to achieve the state plane analysis and to calculate all the electric variables involved in the design of the converter and consequently to select its components. The mathematical relationships obtained from this process, especially those concerning the control of the injected power by means of the available degrees of freedom, are validated with simulations and experimental results. Experimental UV emission performances are presented as well.
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:165:"M.A. Sviridenkov1, K.S. Verichev1, S.S. Vlasenko2, A.S. Emilenko1, E.F. Mikhailov2, E.Yu. Nebos’ko2";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";} 1A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky 3, 119017, Moscow, Russia 2Physical faculty Saint Petersburg State University (SPSU), Ulianovskaya Street, 1, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
Keywords: aerosol, scattering, integrating nephelometer, inverse problem
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
Possibilities of retrieving a true value of the volume scattering coefficient and particle size distribution from data of a three-wavelength integrating nephelometer are analyzed. Two approaches to evaluation of the ratio of the true scattering coefficient to the measured one are suggested. The results of comparison of the aerosol microstructure from data of simultaneous measurements by means of integrating nephelometer and nephelometer-polarimeter PhAN are presented. The PhAN data were compared with measurements by a differential mobility analyzer.
A.S. Suvorina, I.A. Veselovskii, M.Yu. Korenskii, A.V. Kolgotin
Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Vavilov Str., 38
Keywords: atmospheric aerosol (aerosols in atmosphere), retrieve of atmospheric aerosol parameters, linear estimation method
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
Linear estimation method is used to determine the integral parameters of atmospheric aerosol, such as volume density and effective radius from the spectra of aerosol optical depth measured by a sun photometer. For approbation of the method, three-month series of optical depth at seven wavelengths for four cites of AERONET network characterized by different aerosol types: urban, biomass burning, desert dust, and marine, were chosen. Comparison of the results with retrievals from standard AERONET algorithm shows a good agreement between two methods. However, linear estimation technique allows retrieving time series of particle parameters from direct sun measurements with a high temporal resolution of about several minutes. This method can be used in the instruments that do not provide angular scanning of sky radiance, e.g., the PFR/GAW sun photometers network.
A.A. Isakov, A.V. Tikhonov
A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky 3, 119017, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: near surface aerosol, mass concentration, condensation activity, back trajectories
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
According to the results of long-term measurements in the Moscow region, relationships between the parameters of the near-surface aerosol and directions of air masses arrival were analyzed. Тhe results of 2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, and 2011 were taken into consideration. The data were obtained by means of the spectropolarimeter, and three-days back trajectories were calculated using a standard NOAA HYSPLIT program. All the possible directions of air masses coming were divided into eight sectors, and belonging of the trajectory to the sector was determined by its initial point and trajectory shapes. The basic characteristics of aerosol (mass concentration M and Hanel parameter) were averaged over sectors. A narrow maximum at the Baltic and the North Atlantics sectors was revealed in the frequency distributions of the trajectories. The mass concentration had a maximum in the Ukraine - Mediterranean sector. Average values of the Hanel parameter do not depend on the direction of air mass transport to the observational site. The averaged temporal distribution of trajectories displays the existence of periodic peaks with a period of about 11-12 weeks for the Baltic - Russian Atlantic and Western Arctic - Polar Urals sectors. In other sectors, the distributions on their time-based realizations were relatively homogeneous.
S.V. Samoilova
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: aerosol, lidar, particle size distribution, complex refractive index
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
Studies of indeterminacy of the complex refractive index m = mR + imI estimation and simulation results with respect to the analysis of the retrieval error of aerosol microphysical properties from multiwavelength lidar data (355 and 532 nm for extinction and 355, 532, and 1064 nm for backscatter) are presented. It is shown that m is not found unambiguously in the error-presence conditions, because a flat valley on (mR, mI ) plane corresponds to a set of optical coefficients values. Accuracy of estimation of aerosol microphysical properties for bimodal size distribution function U(r) depends on the value of the contribution of small particles into the volume concentration. Mean errors are ΔmR ~ 3.5%, ΔmI ~ 80% for joint reconstruction of m and U(r) and 10% input noise. Lidar ratio information allows the error of reconstructing the single-scattering albedo to be at least halved.
S.F. Abdullaev, V.A. Maslov, B.I. Nazarov, U. Madvaliev, A.A. Juraev, T. Davlatshoev
S. U. Umarov Physical-Technical Institute of Academy of Sciences of Rebublic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Tajikistan, 734063, Dushanbe, Akademgorodok, ul. Ajni, 299/1
Keywords: heavy metals, dust haze, dust storm, soil, X-ray fluorescence analysis of soil, elemental composition, isotopes, clarke
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
The paper considers the distribution of heavy metals, the most dangerous contaminants of soil. In the composition of dust aerosol samples, an increased content of Ca, Zn, and Sr is shown in comparison with soil from zone of dust haze spread. In the soil of the zone of dusty haze in 2008-2010, concentration of Cr, Rb, Eu, Cs, and Co was reduced, and of Mn, Ba, Ce, La, Yb, and Th was increased; concentrations of other elements were maximal in 2009. The dynamics of the content of isotopes in the samples of dust haze, collected in 2007-2010, was studied. Distribution of isotopes in the soil from the south to the north of Tajikistan has been uneven, with a maximum in Dushanbe.
V.A. Semenov1,2,3, E.A. Shelekhova4,3, I.I. Mokhov1, V.V. Zuev4, K.P. Koltermann3 1A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky 3, 119017, Moscow, Russia 2GEOMAR, Kil, Germany 3Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Lenin Hills, 1, Russia 4Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave
Keywords: Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, anomalous climatic regimes, climate models
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is associated with variations of oceanic heat transport in the North Atlantic and the Atlantic Sectors of the Arctic. It has a significant impact on the climate of the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Since 1970s to the early 2000s there has been a positive AMO trend that coincided with the global warming trend. In order to estimate the AMO contribution to the seasonal temperature changes we employ the atmospheric general circulation model (ECHAM5) coupled to a thermodynamics mixed layer ocean model by using anomalous ocean heat convergence fluxes associated with the AMO. Relative contributions of the anomalous heat fluxes in the Atlantic and the Arctic sectors have been estimated. The results show that AMO can explain up to 40% of the observed winter and summer temperature changes over the last three decades. Vertical structure of the AMO-related temperature changes has also much in common with empirical estimates. In particular, the model reproduces the Arctic amplification with maximum temperature trends at the surface in the high NH latitudes. AMO in the model leads to increased probabilities of extreme cold temperatures in February in some regions in Russia. This happens despite increase of the mean temperature. The probabilities increase for hot temperature extremes in July was also found in the European part of Russia. It is shown that the anomalous heat fluxes in the Arctic contribute a major part to the seasonal temperature changes related to the AMO. These fluxes are usually not taken into account when modeling the effect of North Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. The results obtained in the study indicate an important role of AMO in formation of weather and climate anomalies.
V.A. Krutikov1, S.G. Kataev2, V.A. Tartakovsky1, A.I. Kuskov1, E.V. Ivanova1 1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave 2Tomsk State Pedagogical University, pr. Komsomolsky, 75, Tomsk, 63404, Russia
Keywords: temperature field, the decomposition into components, structure, connectivity
In this paper to investigate the structure and dynamics of temperature fields of the different spatial and temporal scale, the structure selection methods was applied. For the study, the monthly mean air temperature of 249 stations in northern Eurasia during the period 1955-2010 were involved. The fields of the average monthly temperature for each calendar month were classified. The average temperature in the annual behaviour have been built. The study revealed that structures with large areas are allocated, within which formed pockets of air masses of different origin are formed. Centers of origin of air masses, uniform temperature field and contrasting transitional zone between them are refined.
In the work, a new technology of aircraft sounding of the atmosphere is described. In combination with modern software, it allows investigation of large-scale features of spatial distribution of air composition. By means of this technology large-scale spatial distributions of aerosol, CO, CO2, and O3 over the Arctic coast and the continental areas of Siberia are investigated. Cardinal distinctions in distribution of aerosol, CO, and CO2 over the continent and the coast are revealed. This is caused by distinction in the power of sources and sink of impurity in the areas considered.
R.V. Kochanov, V.I. Perevalov, S.A. Tashkun
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: molecular spectroscopy, databases, databanks, carbon dioxide, CO2, CDSD, VAMDC, HITRAN
The spectroscopic databanks CDSD-296, CDSD-1000 and CDSD-4000 are presented in the context of integration into the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) in order to extend the number of their users. A brief review of the VAMDC system is given concerning the purpose of this project, its infrastructure, and the data representation format. The relational structure of CDSD databases, adapted to VAMDC needs, is presented. Some of the technical problems connected with the huge volumes of stored information are considered.
Data on concentration of fluorine in an atmospheric precipitation of a rain and snow around emissions of aluminum plant are obtained. The dynamics of the concentration change of fluorine in the precipitation within a year, the regularity of change depending on temperature of a ground layer of air and intensity of the precipitation is established.
V.M. Dorokhov1, G.A. Ivlev2, V.I. Privalov3, A.M. Shalamyansky4 1Central Aerological Observator, 3, Pervomayskaya, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Moscow oblast 2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 3The Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, 7, Karbyshev street, 194021, St Petersburg 4The Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory
Keywords: atmosphere, total ozone, spectrophotometer, spectrometer
The changes of total ozone in the Earth's atmosphere affect both the observed atmospheric changes and the climate of our planet. For ground-based observations of total ozone in the Russian Federation (RF), the Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers, SAOZ spectrometers are in use. Filter M-124 ozonometers measure the total ozone for use in the Russian ozone network. In the near future, we will start the installation and trial operation of modern automated UVOS spectrometers for observations of total ozone and ultraviolet radiation. The paper presents the main specifications of equipment for ground-based observations of total ozone in the RF. The problems of modernization of the national network for the total ozone and ultraviolet solar radiation are presented and discussed.
S.S. Golik1, A.A. Ilyin1, D.V. Apeksimov2, M.Yu. Babii3, A.V. Kolesnikov3, V.V. Lisitsa3, O.A. Bukin1 1Institute for Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, Russia, 690041, Vladivostok, Radio st., 5 2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 3Far Eastern Federal University, 8, Suhanova St., Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
Keywords: femtosecond laser induced spectroscopy, water, element composition, detection limit
Spectral and time characteristics of the hydrogen HI 656 nm emission line radiation are experimentally investigated at the optical breakdown generated by pulses of the main harmonic of a femtosecond Ti:Sa laser on the water surface. The electronic density of the generated plasma is estimated.
The results of development and testing of remotely operated vehicles and laser spectrometer for researching of the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of seawater are presented, as well as the results of laboratory researching of three-dimensional LIF spectra of the oil, dissolved in sea water, which can allocate the fluorescence oil spectrum against the background of the LIF spectrum of dissolved organic matter.
V.P. Mamyshev1, S.L. Odintsov1, V.G. Astafurov1,2, S.M. Pastukhova2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, 40, Lenina Prospect, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
Keywords: atmosphere, sound, propagation, envelope, statistics, turbulence
In this paper, we analyze statistical characteristics of envelopes of acoustic signals propagating along short near-surface paths. Experimental data are processed to study the density of probability distribution of envelopes for carrier frequencies of 500 and 5 000 Hz. The repetition of the considered distributions is determined, and their correlation with turbulence is estimated.
P. A. DAR, Z. A. RESHI
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:76:"University of Kashmir, 190006, India, Srinаgar pervaizahmaddar@yahoo.com";}
Keywords: biological invasion, species extirpation, ecological and evolutionary consequences, conservation, urbanization
Among the major changes induced by human beings, biotic homogenization is gaining popularity at regional as well as global level. Biotic homogenization is a multifaceted process which results from species extinction, introduction and environmental modification often induced by human beings. This human mediated introduction of alien species and the extirpation of native species, either independently or in combination have caused loss of taxonomic regional distinctiveness among formerly disparate faunas and floras. Ample evidence reveals that extent of homogenization differed between various ecosystems and taxa, as well as in different regions. Although biotic homogenization leads to increase in species richness at local level but it also causes loss of diversity at global level (i. e., paradox of gaining species but loosing diversity). Potentially biotic homogenization could affect any of the many processes in communities that vary in space and time, such as spatial subsidies and food-web dynamics, and thereby have cascading effects elsewhere on the landscape. Biotic homogenization does have relevance to conservation as it has utility in reserve selection and management. Current knowledge pertaining to patterns, mechanisms and implications of biotic homogenization is highly variable across taxonomic groups, but in general is incomplete. This article is an attempt to review literature pertaining to patterns, mechanisms and implications of biotic homogenization.
Yu. S. RAVKIN1,2, I. N. BOGOMOLOVA1, O. N. NIKOLAEVA3, T. K. ZHELEZNOVA4 1Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, 630091, Novosibirsk, Frunze str., 11
2Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, Lenina pr., 36
3Siberian State Geodesic Academy, 630108, Novosibirsk, Plakhotnogo str., 10
4Russian State Social University, 129226, Moscow, Wilhelm Pieck str., 4
Keywords: zoning, fauna, terrestrial vertebrates, Palearctic, Northern Eurasia, cluster analysis, factors, correlation
For the purpose of faunal zoning of terrestrial vertebrates, the part of Northern Eurasia that belonged to USSR was divided into 245 mapping units in 1991. Mapping units were marked on the World Vegetation Map at a scale of 1 : 20 000 000. Each mapping unit occupied a territory within the limits of a natural subzone with a latitudinal distance of 10°. Lists of vertebrate species were compiled for each unit. Jaccard similarity coefficients were calculated for these lists; the coefficients were used as the basis for performing cluster analysis of fauna of the mapping units. The results of calculations were used to create a hierarchical classification, which includes five faunistic regions and seven subregions, 18 provinces and 14 districts. Environmental factors that correlate with faunistic heterogeneity on the studied territory were described. The proposed zoning was 2-2.5 times more informative than previously developed schemes; it took into account 57 % of the variance of the similarity coefficients of the faunas of specific regions (coefficient of multiple correlation was 0.75). Connection with environmental factors and natural conditions may explain 83 % of the heterogeneity of the fauna (correlation coefficient is 0.91). Having compared the results of zoning that were carried out for different classes of terrestrial vertebrates (amphibian, reptilian, birds and mammals), we found significant similarity between the causes of fauna heterogeneity (zonal features, provinciality, heat availability, and their combined effect). However, the differences in tolerance to the environment among the studied animal classes resulted in substantial discordance of the boundaries of the described taxa and their hierarchy. Classification of 1243 species of terrestrial vertebrates living on the site was compiled according to similarity of their occurrence (the average in the lower taxon faunistic zoning). It contains three types of distribution: Northern, Middle and Southern. These in turn are divided into 7 subtypes and 13 classes. Informative presentation of the classification is equal to 53 % of the variance (correlation coefficient - 0.73).
T. V. KOROLEVA1, O. V. CHERNITSOVA1, A. V. SHARAPOVA1, P. P. KRECHETOV1, A. V. PUZANOV2, I. V. GORBACHEV2
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:190:"1Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Mosccow, Leninskiye Gory, 1 2Institute for water and environmental problems SB RAS, 656038, Barnаul, Molodyoznаya Str., 1";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: ecological safety, space-rocket activities, rocket fuel
For proper evaluation of data received during the ecological monitoring of space-rocket activities it is necessary to take into account the natural variability of the chemical properties of soils common for the territories used for landing of launch vehicles’ separated parts. The paper presents the results of the soil-geochemical studies in mountain tundra in the Altai Republic which have been carried out in the impact zone where launch vehicles’ second stages fall. Based on the data obtained during the research and the results of laboratory experimental investigations the ecological buffer capacity of soils in relation to the rocket fuel has been quantified for one of the monitoring sites.
I. M. DANILIN1, Z. TSOGT2 1V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50/28 2Institute of Botany Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar - 51, Zukov str., 77
Keywords: post-fire larch forests, dynamics, structure, biological productivity, Northern Mongolia
Peculiarities of forming and growth of post-fire larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) forests at the southern range of their distribution in Northern Mongolia were studied. Regularities of the stand structure and dynamics of biological productivity were analyzed and discussed in the paper. It was proved that the structure of the organic mass of the post-fire herb-carex type larch forests at the southern border of forest vegetation distribution is closely related to their biometric indices: age, density and productivity. In comparison to tree stands from other areas of forest vegetation the total phytomass stock of larch phytocenoses increases by zonal gradient from forest-tundra border to Transbaikalian southern taiga and northern regions of Mongolia. Regeneration of forest cover by the edificator and formation of the original larch coenopopulation are positive trends from the ecological point of view, because Siberian larch forests in the area have sufficiently high growth energy and rate of phytomass production during young and middle-age periods, absorbing twice more carbon from the atmosphere than mature forests. It also has positive values of carbon balance and total decomposition of organic matter (“in-out” parameters).
O. V. GONCHAROVA
Omsk Institute (branch) of Russian State University of Trade and Economics, 644031, Omsk, 10 let Oktyabrya str., 195/18
Keywords: Western Siberia, uezd, anthropogenic factor, hunting, density of fox, skins procurement, fox furs, resistance of species
The paper presents the results of studies of the anthropogenic factor (hunting) influence on the population dynamics of the red fox in Western Siberia in the XVII and XX centuries. The relatively stable population rate which has not changed significantly for the last 400 years was noted.
O. N. POPOVA, A. Yu. HARITONOV
Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, SB RAS, 630091, Novosibirsk, Frunze str., 11
Keywords: dragonflies, Coenagrion armatum, density, imago (larva) hemipopulation, lake plyos, reedy border, intrapopulation topical groups
The spatial-temporaldistribution of the dragonfly Coenagrion armatum on the lake Fadiha (Barabinskaya forest-steppe) with border type of overgrowing was studied. It was shown that the local population of this species is divided into two topical groups. In one group dragonflies develop in the water area and do not migrate to the shore after metamorphosis. In the other group dragonflies develop in the reeds and migrate to the shore for additional feeding after metamorphosis.
A. P. GUSEV
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:70:"F. Skorinа Gomel State University, 246019, Gomel, Sovetskaya str., 104";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"text";}
Keywords: vegetation, landscape, land use history, forest ecosystems, succession, Belarus
Legacy effect of land use history on the contemporary state of the plant cover in the southeast of Belarus was studied. Forest ecosystems formed on arable lands, meadows and other non-forest lands are characterized by: few forest species and many synanthropic species, high level of invasion, low occurrence of late successional species, braking of successions.
V. V. SCHERBINA, I. A. MALTSEVA, A. N. SOLONENKO
B. Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 72312, Ukraine, Melitopol, Lenin str., 20
Keywords: soil algae, algo-groups, dominant complex, life-form, steppe biocenoses, steppe fires
The paper deals with the peculiarities of steppe biocenoses soil algae grouping makeup with various post-pyrogenic development periods after one- and two-fold fire effect on the territory of “Askania Nova” Biospheric National Park natural core set. It was determined that pyrogenic factor had essential impact on steppe algo-groups formation stimulating their ability to quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions. Number of species, major segments relationship, dominant complex compound as well as life-form spectrum were different in post-pyrogenic algo-groups. In steppe biocenoses, that had been twice exposed to pyrogenic effect, the increasing of total amount of algae species, especially heliophilous Cyanophyta, was observed. Among the dominant species of the studied biocenoses, specimens with various degrees of resistance to pyrogenic factor were noted. The most saturated ones in all researched biocenoses were formed in summer and spring on the basis of apparent algae community structure. In summer the most variable species were Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Baccilariophyta. In spring the amount of Cyanophyta increased in communities, while in autumn these were Eustigmatоphyta and Xanthophyta varieties. The largest amount of algae varieties was registered on the surface of 5-cm soil layer. At the deeper layer (up to 15 cm) the amount of species of Cyanophyta variety decreased dramatically in contrast to other species, especially Baccilariophyta.
V. P. VETROVA1, A. P. BARCHENKOV2, Yu. V. SAVENKOVA1 1Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, 683024, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Prospect Rybakov, 19-A 2V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAN, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50
Keywords: cone morphology, phenotypic diversity, population variability, Pinaceae
Assessment of ecogeographic variability and differentiation of Japanese dwarf pine Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel (Pinaceae) populations on the Kamchatka Peninsula and Koryak was carried out using morphological and phenotypic characters of mature seed cones. In the sample of cones from 10 сoenopopulations viability of seeds was determined using radiographic method. Latitudinal phenotypic differentiation between сoenopopulations was revealed. Lower seed viability due to high percentage of seeds without embryos or with underdeveloped embryos was recorded in north-eastern populations. The average proportion of viable seeds in the region wass 52 %, while in the north-eastern populations this parameter was lower - 6-24 %.
Y. V. AKIMENKO, K. S. KAZEEV, S. I. KOLESNIKOV
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:81:"Southern Federal University, 344006, Rostov-nа-Donu, Bol’shaya Sadovaya str., 105";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"text";}
Keywords: antibiotics, pollution, soil microorganisms, chernozem ordinary
Influence of different doses (100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 450 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg) of pharmaceutical antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, pharmazin, nystatin) on the number of microorganisms of the chernozem was studied through model experiments. All studied doses of antibiotics have certain inhibitory effect on the number of soil microorganisms. Linear dependence between doses of antibiotics and changes in the number of soil microorganisms was established. As for resistance to pharmaceutical antibiotics the studied groups of soil microorganisms formed a row (high concentration): Azotobacter > amylolytic bacteria > ammonifying bacteria > micromycetes.
A. Z. GLUHOV, I. I. STRELNIKOV
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:109:"Donetsk botanical garden of the National academy of sciences of Ukraine, 83059, Donetsk, Illich’s Avenue, 110";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"text";}
Keywords: Ficus L, plasticity, statistical analysis of forms, ecological niche modeling, multidimensional ordinаtion
Morphological variability of leaf apparatus in response to different light intensity is determined not only by the available solar radiation, but also by the complex of adaptations to other environmental factors. There is still not enough information about the possible effect of the natural habitats climatic characteristics on the differences between shadow and light leaves. In this paper we investigated lamina form differences of 15 species of the genus Ficus L. The relationship between plasticity and climatic conditions of the natural habitats was established. We also found a positive relation of phenotypic variability with the annual precipitation amount and amplitude and with temperature seasonality.
I. TATARINTSEV
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:77:"Siberian state technological university, 660049, Krasnoyarsk, Мira avenue, 82";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"text";}
Keywords: birch forests, bacterial dropsy, type of forest area, edaphic conditions, characteristics of forest inventory, disease occurrence, state of stand
As a result of phytopathological investigation of birch (Betula pendula) stands in Krasnoyarsk group of areas (south of Middle Siberia) the newly appeared and existing nidi of bacterial dropsy were discovered. The influence of growth conditions on infection rate in birch forests and the relation of disease prevalence with characteristics of forest inventory were observed. The patterns of tree affection within the limits of phytocenoses and the influence of disease on sanitary state of birch forests were discussed.
E. A. KARPOVA, E. P. KHRAMOVA
Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Zolotodolinskaya str., 101
Keywords: Spiraea media, S. chamaedryfolia, S. hypericifolia, flavonoids, quercetin, kaempferol, phenolic acids
The composition and content of groups of phenolic compounds (free flavonol aglycones, flavonol glycosides, free and bound phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and their esters) and individual components (quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, avicularin, gallic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, o-coumaric and cinnamic acids) in the leaves of Spiraea media Fr. Schmidt, S. chamaedryfolia L. and S. hypericifolia L. growing in Novosibirsk in the areas with high and background levels of industrial pollution were studied. The differences in the phenolic composition and content were revealed. Total phenolic content in the leaves of the studied species in polluted areas was 1,6 (S. hypericifolia) and 2,4 (S. media , S. chamaedryfolia) times lower compared to the plants studied under baseline conditions. Decrease in the phenolic content of S. media was due to flavonol glycosides (mostly rutin). As for S. chamaedryfolia and S. hypericifolia, decrease was due to hydroxycinnamic acids and their esters.
Plant communities that included Astragalus sericeocanus were studied. The data on ontogenetic structure, quantity of cenopopulations and seed productivity of individuals were given. It was also revealed that the habitats on the northern shore of Lake Baikal are characterized by high phytocoenotic diversity with codominating and dominating of A. sericeocanus . The state of cenopopulations and parameters of seed productivity showed that northern habitats have considerably favourable climatic conditions which are optimal for the growth of the studied species.
V. MOROLDOEV1, Yu. N. LITVINOV2 1Institute of General and Experimental Biology SB RAS, 670047, Ulan-Ude, Sakhyanovoj str., 6 2Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology SB RAS, 630091, Novosibirsk, Frunze str., 11
Keywords: communities, small mammals, Vitim upland, Western Transbaikalia, forest-steppe
Communities of small mammals of Eravninskaya forest-steppe in the south of Vitim upland (Western Transbaikalia) were studied. Fourteen species of shrews and rodents were detected. Communities of small mammals in the cold forest-steppe conditions of Vitim upland were characterized by low indices of species diversity and evenness, and also by simplified dominance structure.
N. Yu. STASHKEVICH, A. S. SHISHIKIN
V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50/28 institute_forest@ksc.krasn.ru
Keywords: Siberian pine, pine restoration, Nucifraga caryocatactes, zoochory, small mammals
The storing of Siberian pine nuts by Nucifraga caryocatactes is a key factor of Pinus sibirica distribution and restoration at the East Sayan. The amount of Pinus sibirica young generation and murine rodent number were determined in drying stands, in burnt-out forests and in cut-over lands of different age to assess the zoochoric activities of the nutcracker and to define the impact of small mammals on the process of Pinus sibirica regeneration. A complex analysis of the received data allows us to update the known information about nutcracker activity and preferences in distribution of nut stocks and their influence on the development of Siberian pine seedlings.
S. N. TARKHANOV, S. Yu. BIRYUKOV
Institute of Ecological Problems of the North, UB RAS, 163000, Arkhangelsk, nab. Severnoy Dviny, 23
Keywords: morphostructure, sign, endogenous and individual variability, population, pine, stressful conditions
Morphostructure and biochemical parameters of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Northern taiga population under permanent excess soil moisture conditions were studied in estuary region of Northern Dvina River. Variational distribution curves were built. Levels of endogenous and individual variability were assessed.
O. A. ZAVALTSEVA, N. M. AVANESYAN, J. A. ANTONOVA
Ulyanovsk state university, 432063, Ulyanovsk, L. Tolstoy str., 42
Keywords: soils of parks, ecological and geochemical condition, anthropogenic influence
Comparative assessment of eco-geochemical condition of the soils of Ulyanovsk city park territories was given. Some physical and chemical indicators of soil environment (рН, exchange bases, humus, sulfates, chlorides, etc.) were defined. The main problems of the ecological state of the parks under the conditions of urbanization were revealed.
