Home – Home – Jornals – Avtometriya 2013 number 6

A method is proposed to solve the joint optimization problem based on system quality criteria for the thermophysical processes of preheating and subsequent plastic deformation of metal semi-finished products in industrial metal working systems with a free choice of the admissible initial temperature states before plastic deformation that integrate these processes in a single process system. Potentials for practical applications of the method is illustrated by the example of a process system for forming pressed articles from aluminum alloys.

A problem of control of quadrotor vehicle motion over a trajectory defined implicitly in the coordinate space is considered. The previously proposed system of automated control of quadrotor vehicle flight is supplemented with relations based on an extended Kalman filter for estimating the plant state vector and the systematic error of measurements. The workability of the control system in the presence of the measurement noise is verified by results of modeling and experiments with the AR.Drone quadrotor vehicle.

An algorithm for the analytical synthesis of reduced-order observers for dynamic systems with an output matrix of arbitrary form is proposed, and invariance conditions for the constructed observer with respect to external disturbances are formulated. Solvability conditions for the synthesis problem are obtained in the form of a system of linear matrix equations. The proposed algorithm is based on a nondegenerate transformation of the state vector using the matrix canonization technique and methods for solving linear matrix equations of arbitrary dimension.

In this paper, we consider typical problems of automatic control for systems consisting of a carriage and a one-link inverted pendulum: stabilization of the pendulum in the absence of constraints on the coordinates of the carriage, control of the speed and position of the carriage with the stabilization of the pendulum, and control of the position with the subordinate system of speed control. Control algorithms were synthesized using a signal-adaptive inverse model based on the requirement of the desired distribution of the poles of the linearized zero system with deliberate implementation of threerate processes. The results of numerical simulation of the synthesized control systems are presented.

A servo model is developed and its parameters are identified using data obtained on a test bench developed. High accuracy of the proposed model is confirmed experimentally.

Two important stages in design of fuzzy approximators, including structure generation and parameter optimization, are considered. Two optimization criteria, i.e., the accuracy measured by the root-mean-square error and the complexity expressed as the number of fuzzy rules, are proposed. The results of studies of the approximators obtained on real data from the KEEL repository are given, and the results are compared with their analogs.

The functional and metrological characteristics of a new solar telescope designed to obtain quantitative data on large-scale magnetic fields (LMF) of the Sun are considered. The full automation of measurements, the application of CCD matrices in image scanning and spectra recording systems, and the optical diagram corresponding to the main purpose of the telescope significantly increased the efficiency, quality, and accuracy of measurements of the LMF and expanded the range of tasks in comparison with existing telescopes. The developed automated system of telescope control, measuring system, and software for real-time processing of measurement results make it possible to obtain LMF magnetograms with the required accuracy for about 15 min.

A new approach to distributed control systems (DCS’s) designed for automation of large, functionally complex technological objects with a large volume of input/output channels up to 10⁴ and more is developed and tested. The novelty of the proposed approach is to apply a common information highway for the interaction of all elements of the control system (input/output devices, control computers, workstations, and servers) or peer-to-peer distributed control environment (PDCE). The results are implemented in the Tornado-N DCS and applied in a number of power plants in Russia and abroad. The advantages of control systems with the PDCE architecture in flexibility, scalability, fault-tolerance, and performance over the classical multilevel systems are confirmed in practice.

A module of control of an acousto-optical modulator of laser radiation in a multifrequency mode on the basis of a multichannel synthesizer with direct digital synthesis of frequencies is described. Specific features of system operation during multichannel laser recording with controlled amplitude, phase, and frequency of the channels with automatic calibration of intensity in each channel are considered. Application of the system in a photoplotter for producing photomasks of printed circuit boards makes it possible to increase the resolution of the device and to improve stability and reproducibility of recording.

A new principle of aperture apodization for imaging and transform optical systems with controlled splitting of the output light beam into spatially selected diffraction orders and deflection of all higher orders beyond the operating region is proposed and investigated. Implementation of the principle is based on the use of regular gratings whose transmission coefficient in the useful zero diffraction order changes slowly from cell to cell, and excess light is coupled to higher orders and is screened with a field stop. To test the proposed principle, we designed, experimentally fabricated, and investigated an optical refracting telescope equipped with an apodizing filter with a binary amplitude circular structure and having the intensity of the first spurious diffraction peak of the point spread function 10 times lower than that in the embodiment without filter.

Results of experiments on photodesorption of molecular nitrogen from the glass surface are presented. The study is performed in vacuum glass cells whose internal surface is illuminated by a powerful pulsed lamp. The dynamics of the nitrogen density in the cell due to photodesorption is studied with the use of a mass spectrometer and a vacuum ionization lamp. A qualitative comparison of experimental data with results predicted by a developed theoretical model is performed.

The authors study numerically the stress–strain state of a discrete material under biaxial loading in the three-dimensional case. It is shown that the Drucker–Prager continuum relation is valid for the two-dimensional case at the early yielding stage.

The offered calculation procedure of the permissible load on a production face by gas factor is based on the equation of methane emission in the production face area from coal and roof and floor rocks. The model includes permeability and absorption of coal, porosity and thickness of coal seam, production face length, methane pressure and the operational safety-permitted methane concentration in the return ventilation air. The model implementation will help in validation of scheduled loading on production faces in coal mines.

The authors review the published material on gas-dynamic events in coal mines. The existing classifications of gas-dynamic events are analyzed and generalized, and principles of the classification procedure for gas-dynamic events are considered. The article presents the advisable classification to be used in Donbass coal mines to investigate accidents and the related events.

The mining safety circuit based on geophysical research is described in the article in terms of the Upper Kama Potash Deposit, with exemplification of different stages of the geophysical survey design. The authors discuss options of integrated interpretation of seismic and electric exploration data aiming to locate and monitor hazardous natural and mining-induced processes in potassium-enclosing strata.

The authors analyze phase equilibrium of gaseous methane and crystalline hydrate particles in coal pores, considering absorbed heat during phase transition. It is shown that the crystallohydrate–gaseous methane phase equilibrium in small pores can be nonsteady; i.e., on deviation from the phase equilibrium curve, the methane condition parameters change and, as a consequence, increase the deviation. Instantaneous dissociation of crystallohydrates results in coal methane pressure rise, which intensifies outburst hazard and affects the outburst gas balance.

The article reports the underground mining-induced movement monitoring using a combination of geodesy survey and geophysical exploration methods in Vysokogorsky Iron Ore Mine where a geodynamic movement has occurred. The geodesy survey methods are the conventional observation of the daylight surface deformation and the spectral seismic profiling of changes in the undermined rock mass structure. The monitoring objective was to find spatial parameters of disintegrated rock zone, make recommendations on continuing mining operations in the displacement trough zone where protected objects are situated, and identify causes of the enclosing rock instability.

It has been not once noticed that origination and accumulation of fractures in rocks in the full scale and in laboratory specimens have much in common. The lab test data on rock specimen deformation and fracture are often used to interpret natural seismic events. Usually the laboratory tests are carried out at room temperature, whereas the temperature of rocks at the depth of origination of rock bursts and earthquakes can reach a few hundred degrees by Celsius. To assess the weight of this difference, the authors have obtained time series of acoustic emission impulses during origination of microcracks in granite specimens subjected to impact fracture at varied temperatures. The kinetics of damage accumulation and the cooperative effects differ greatly in the test temperature range from 20 to 600° С.

The authors offer a new approach to the actual scientific and technical problem on enhanced efficiency of heap leaching of rebellious oxidized and complex gold-containing ore. The optimization of the leaching technology can be reached through the application of regular shaking and shattering of ore stockpiles by low-density explosive charges.

The physical and analytical modeling of coal discharge in thick coal mining by sublevel caving involves the method when coal is discharged under grvaity on the powered support units and is proportioned-fed to a face conveyor placed between the support units. Based on the physical modeling, the authors put forward a mathematical model to study the gravity flow of granular material in three dimensional formulation using discrete elements.

The problem on optimization of the first mining and stoping process variables based on the maximum net discount profit for the period of panel mining in a coal mine has been formualted and numerically solved. The optimized data are presented for the fully-mechanized production face in coal seam no. 19 in Kostromovskaya Mine. The authors also offer a production face preparation scheme and illustrate its efficiency in terms of the Kostromovskaya Mine

In terms of the Velenje Mine shaft location, the authors describe the approach based not on the selection of the most suitable method of the solution validation but on application of the multimodel method including a few multicriteria technqies. In case when the techniqes do not yeild the same sequences of alternatives, it is advised to generate the final sequence using the method of ponderation (weighing and balancing).

The authors discuss the practice of assessment of mine waste dump surface condition by the remote sensing data. The biomass is defined based on the soil-adjusted vegetation index SAVI. The article presents details of determining zones of soil generation and filling up by vegetation in terms of the operating mine waste dump in Kuzbass.

The article focuses on the issues of higher efficiency and competitiveness of the coal mining industry benefiting from advanced processing of coal. The Siberian reserves of coal ranked in a wide range allow heat energy and electric power generation, and the ample stock of coal products at a high added value.

The flotation properties of new dialkyldithiophosphates (NTF-163, BTF-175) are compared with the standard basic Aeroflot reagent IMA-I413 and butyl xanthate during flotation of sheelite–sulfide ore. The selectivity of the test Aeroflot reagents in separation of chalcopyrite, magnetic pyrite, pyrite and arsenopyrite is illustrated in the article together with the option of enhanced extraction of copper and noble metals with reduced arsenic content of the copper concentrate. The best results are obtained with BTF-163 that is recommended to industrial testing.

The article presents aluminum silicate potassium mineral—synnyrite, named after the Synnyr Mine, and composition and properties of the mineral. It is shown that synnyrite has a complex composition, with the rock-forming mineral of potassic feldspar and kalsilite. The authors have developed advanced processing flowsheet for synnyrite minerals.

It has been found that accelerated electrons have great influence on strength properties of zeolite-containing rocks, and on their post-grinding grain-size composition and the degree of unlocking, which intensifies further processing. The authors show the possibility of reducing the content of ferruginous admixture in zeolite products: from 3.14 to 0.36% for zeolite-containing rocks from Shivyrtui deposit and from 11.2 to 0.12% for chabasite-containing basaltic andesite from Talan-Gozagorsky deposit.

The Based on the theoretical analysis and experimental tests of dearsenation of gold-bearing arsenopyrite or in water steam atmosphere, the author show that during bakeout of arsenopyrite with pyrite in the superheated water steam atmosphere, it is possible to remove arsenic in the form of sulfides from original material and unlock noble metals.

The paper analyzes modern scientific cognitive programs. It gives proof of the hypothesis that the anthropic principle is universalized in modern physics and it is possible to re-interpret the category of mind as a key notion of the theory of information reality. The author suggests an information-synergetic model of mind based on the metaphysical principle of ontological reality of information, viz the principle of primacy of information to material and energetic (or physical) reality and that of meanings (or ideal one).

The paper deals with the role of nanotechnologies in the modern information society and their significance for conception of reality in the ordinary mass consciousness. It analyzes the specific of the modern society which determines success in the development of nanotechnologies; it considers three philosophic approaches to conception of nanoreality and presents its theoretical model. Also, the paper shows how the theoretical model of nanoreality influences the ordinary mass consciousness by means of various forms of mass culture and identifies the role of nanotechnologies in transformation of an individual conception [interpretation] of modern reality.

Main ontological battles in the modern scientific literature are fought in relation to the question under which circumstances and how one may tell about the existence of anything (and in any sense) exactly. While and since this question is not clarified, all other ontological talks resemble a clock with a pendulum taken off: it works, and works fast, but does not show time. The object of the paper is to clarify the mentioned question in respect to first-order languages and theories oriented to setting and solving some rather general problems.

The paper deals with the problems of elimination of divergences between conceptualizations of the external world and those of information technologies. It shows that when constructing ontologies in the purpose of data mining and storage unnatural and ad hoc approaches are used which result in consequences contradicting intuition. The authors suggest methods how to eliminate this contradiction.

The paper considers some problems concerning the scope of applicability of formalisms in logic. If we take into account pragmatic and communicative aspects of logic, uncertainty in identification of its scope just increases, which is shown by the example of problems arising when modus ponens is used.

The purpose of the paper is to identify and analyze the significance and functions of the observability principle in physics. It is carried out in the context of the study of evolution of this principle in the history of physics from Galileo up to appearance of quantum mechanics, which makes possible to reveal the role of the observability principle in various periods of the development of physics. The author shows that the functions of the observability principle are illustrative, demonstrative, heuristic, psychological, interpretative, and methodological ones. But when quantum mechanics appeared, the role of the observability principle changed. So, it is necessary to review its content and sense.

The paper formulates the principle of the unity of the physical picture of the word (PPW) which is based on the system of methodological principles. The functions of the PPW are considered, those are the explanatory, heuristic and informative ones.

The paper critically analyzes some fundamental principles of modern cosmology. It shows that cosmology bases on the subjective interpretation of astronomic observations. Cosmology is open to mathematical development, but does not allow of discussions on key issues related to physical fundamentals of a theory. This reduces the value of achievements attained in cosmology and makes the modern cosmology vulnerable in the methodological sense.

Basing on the theory of dynamic information systems (DIS) the authors set the way to atomize reasoning. They define leading operations on models of the DIS type (decodings, convolutions, mutations) and relations between concepts (primitives, derivatives, integrals, differentials), as well as between concepts and interpretations (developments and their centers, stickings, stratifications) that makes possible to build models of reasoning. The said way is realized in the software product "Cognitive assistant" which is a prototype of a researcher automated workplace. The computer interface and procedures of device handling are described (http://thoughtring.com).

The paper deals with an urgent problem in the history of science, viz the mutual influence of natural philosophy and medicine in the 3^d century. At the end of the 2^nd and the beginning of the 3^d century, an important turn came about in medicine: the theory was formed which began to predominate in this field all over the civilized space – Galen’s anatomic-physiological system. Also, the paper analyses in detail the special role of Alexandrian school in the development of natural science: it ensured synergy of antique philosophy and Christian theology.

In the review of S.Ye. Shilov's book “The rhetorical theory of number” we expose the example of modern Russian pseudo-mathematics. Declaring scientific revolutionism of the rhetorical theory of number, its author ventures to discredit not only linguistics and philosophy, but also mathematics and physics. In its content, Shilov's book is an attempt to perform a philosophic analysis of the nature of number, but since the author is weak in mathematics he failed to draw adequate scientific conclusions.

For a long time, we have known that scientific theories are constructed for ideal objects. Usually, we explain it by complexity of the studied reality. But nobody associated the fact that in science appear objects which do not exist really with the effect of Bohr’s complementarity. M.A. Rozov showed that ideal or idealized objects such as a material point are quite real social phenomena, viz social programs which emerged in scientists’ reflection spontaneously as realization of two complementary ways of setting forth conditions of theory application, i.e. when a theory is always applicable. However, there are no ideal objects in nature. A theory is always applied to real objects if a problem specification enables to identify them with ideal ones. There are an infinite number of such problems, so it is impossible to formulate a general rule of such an application. We need to act according to patterns. Conferring an ideal status on so called ideal objects is a consequence of indeducibility of their features [properties /characteristic / quality] from some material. Their features / properties are “recorded” [characteristic / quality is “recorded”] to social memory. Social relays transfer rules of the use of ideal objects from one scientist to another. These objects are phenomena of social reality.