We got acquainted with Eduard P. Volchkov in the early sixties, when he moved in Akademgorodok, following his own wish and having made certain of his inner desire to become a scientist.
E.P. Volchkov†, N.A. Dvornikov, V.V. Lukashov, and R.Kh. Abdrakhmanov
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: vortex chamber, centrifugal fluidized bed
Pages: 663–668
The flow in the vortex chamber with centrifugal fluidized bed of solid particles was studied experimentally and simulated numerically. The chambers of different configurations were considered, and this allowed us to change the ratio of centrifugal and gravity forces. To estimate the hydraulic losses in the vortex chamber, a simple model was suggested.
Based on the analysis of various aspects of creating a supersonic transport aircraft of the second generation, the necessity of developing unconventional active methods of sonic boom level reduction is demonstrated. Surface cooling is shown to exert a significant effect on formation of the disturbed flow structure up to large distances from the body by an example of a supersonic flow around a body of revolution. A method of reducing the intensity of the intermediate shock wave and excess pressure momentum near the body is proposed. This method allows the length of the reduced (by 50%) sonic boom level to be increased and the bow shock wave intensity in the far zone to be reduced by 12%. A possibility of controlling the process of formation of wave structures, such as hanging pressure shocks arising near the aircraft surface, is demonstrated. The action of the cryogenic mechanism is explained.
The article presents the results of experimental investigation of swirling flow of lean propane/air flame in a model combustion chamber at atmospheric pressure. To study the unsteady turbulent flow, the particle image velocimetry technique was used. It was concluded that dynamics of high swirl flows with and without combustion was determined by a global helical mode, complying with a precessing double-spiral coherent vortex structure. The studied low swirl flame had similar size and stability characteristics, but amplitude of the coherent helical structure substantially oscillated in time. The oscillations were associated with intermittently appearing central recirculation zone that was absent in the non-reacting flow. It is expected that the low swirl flow without the permanent central recirculation zone should be more sensitive to an external active control. In particular, this result may be useful for suppression of thermoacoustic resonance in combustion chambers.
V.V. Lukashov1, 2, V.V. Terekhov1, and K. Hanjalič2, 3 1 Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
3 Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
E-mail: luka@itp.nsc.ru
Keywords: boundary layer, injection, combustion, heat-flux maximum
Pages: 687–694
The peculiarities of the heat and mass exchange in a laminar boundary layer with combustion at the injection of the fuel mixture H2/N2 through the permeable surface are considered. It is shown that at a certain value of the injection parameter, the value of the heat flux into the wall averaged over the length has a maximum. An analytic estimate is proposed for determining the maximum heat flux at the combustion depending on the injection intensity. The obtained relations agree with the results of experimental studies and numerical modelling.
Experiments with ethanol combustion on horizontal surfaces revealed the most general properties of a boundary layer with chemical and phase transformations. The list of flow features includes development of large-scale structures and manifestation of volumetric forces, which impact the flow stability and heat and mass transfer. It was demonstrated that the range of velocities ensuring flame existence is wider for flow past a rib than for flow past a backward-facing step. The nature of mass transfer in a reactive flow past an obstacle is transient and remains of that kind until the flame blow-off. For a flow above a horizontal wall at Reynolds numbers Re < 5⋅104, the intensity of mass transfer is twice higher than for combustion below the wall. When the combustion occurs below the wall, the surface temperature gradients are higher.
In the present paper, we report results of an experimental study of the influence which a vortex-generating element installed upstream of the main obstacle has on the separated flow and heat transfer in a cross-flow cavity-trench. The element was a small cross-flow rib whose height was an order of magnitude smaller than the depth of the cavity. In the experiments, the variable parameters were the angle of inclination of the frontal and rear walls of the cavity, the rib height, and the rib-to-cavity distance. It is shown that the introduction of additional vortical perturbations into the recirculation zone leads to a substantial modification of both the vortex production process and the distributions of pressure and heat-transfer coefficients. Optimal height of the mini-turbulizer and its optimal location are defined by the fall of the re-attachment point of mini-rib-generated flow onto the rear wall of cavi-ty. In the latter situation, the maximal value of the heat-transfer coefficient increases as compared to the case with no vortex generator used, the increase amounting to 30 %.
A.A. Khalatov1, 2, I.I. Borisov1, Yu.Ya. Dashevskiy3, A.S. Kovalenko1, and S.V. Shevtsov1
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:354:"1 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
2 National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
3 Gas Turbine Research and Production Complex “Zorya”-“Mashproekt”, Nikolaev, Ukraine
Results of an experimental study of a flat plate film cooling efficiency from a single row of inclined holes embedded in a "shallow" trench are presented. It is shown the cooling efficiency of such a configuration is much greater than that of the traditional configuration of inclined round holes. This provides more uniform surface coverage by the coolant film. The flow external turbulence increases the film cooling efficiency by 5–8%, while the freestream flow acceleration reduces it by 10–15%.
V.I. Terekhov and N.E. Shishkin
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia E-mail: terekhov@itp.nsc.ru
Keywords: swirl gas cooling, thermal efficiency, arrangement of near-wall gas cooling
Pages: 721–728
Experimental results on the effect of the methods of gas cooling arrangement on thermal efficiency are presented. The swirl cooling is considered at both injecting along the axis and co-axial supply of the cooling gas. The influence of swirling degree, density ratio of both flows and flow regimes on the efficiency of near-wall cooling is considered.
The model, experimental equipment, and test program are briefly described. A method of determining the aero-dynamic characteristics of the model on the facility with free oscillations is presented. Aerodynamic derivatives of the pitching moment of the model are obtained for two positions of the axis of rotation and Mach numbers M∞ = 2, 4, and 6. At M∞ = 2, the model with the rear position of the axis of rotation is not balanced at low angles of attack, whereas irregular self-sustained oscillations of the model with the frontal position of the axis of rotation arise.
The cycle of experiments on interaction between the co-current gas flow and the near-wall liquid film were carried out at high gas flow velocities, including the supersonic ones. The local parameters of the near-wall film were measured by the capacitance probes. It is shown that the co-current gas flow affects the near-wall film significantly, causing intensive wave formation, droplet detachment from the film surface, and their entrainment by the gas flow. It is determined that a relative amount of liquid entrained by the co-current flow is generalized by the Weber number of this gas flow.
An optical method was applied to study the peculiarities of diffusion in gel: this method provides real-time visualization of spreading of solutes brought into the gel. It was shown that spectral characteristics of reflected light give additional information about nature of diffusive spreading of solutes and about state of the gel. Gels with different densities and lifetime were studied. These parameters have strong influence on the velocity of diffusion. The study demonstrated critical differences for diffusion process in gels with true solutions and with solutions with nanoparticles. Experiments discovered the anisotropy in 3D diffusion of solutes in gels; physical explanation of this phenomenon was proposed.
M. K. Berner1, V. E. Zarko2, M. B. Talawar1 1Organizatsiya for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), 2517 The Hague, Netherlands 2Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion them V.V. Voevodsky SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk
Keywords: nanoparticles, gas-generating propellants, energetic materials
The replacement of micrometer-sized metal fuel powders in gas-generating solid propellants with nanosized metal powders has become a common trend in the design of new types of propellants in recent decades. This trend has been motivated by the unique properties of propellants containing nanocomponents. The emergence of nanostructured gas-generating propellants suggests new directions for the development of highly concentrated and efficient energy sources. Technologies for large-scale production of nanometal powders and other nanostructured materials with tailored characteristics have also experienced an impetuous development in recent years. This paper presents a classification, description, and competitive analysis of the main methods of producing nanoscale and nanostructured materials used to produce gas-generating propellants. The main advantages and difficulties concomitant with the use of nanomaterials in propellant formulations are discussed. Specific issues related to the high reactivity and pyrophoricity of nanomaterials and related risks are analyzed. Methods for the preservation and passivation of the surface of nanomaterials are classified and discussed. The focus is on those methods that are most widely used, and those that are considered promising today.
V. M. Guendugov, N. N. Smirnov, V. V. Tyurenkova
Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, 119992 Moscow
Keywords: gas, liquid, droplet, fuel, evaporation, combustion, diffusion
Steady combustion of a liquid fuel droplet in a gaseous oxidizer environment with equilibrium or nonequilibrium evaporation from the surface is studied. As the fuel–oxidizer interaction is not limited to one reaction and usually proceeds in accordance with a multistage chain or non-chain mechanism, the Schwab–Zel'dovich method is extended to several reactions. The results obtained show that this solution method tested on two reactions can be effectively used to solve combustion problems.
K. Yu. Aref'ev1,2, A. V. Voronetskii2, M. A. Il'chenko1 1Tsentralny Institute of Aviation Motors Baranov, 111116 Moscow 2Moscow State Technical University Bauman, 105005 Moscow
Keywords: ignition system, pressure oscillations, gas-dynamic resonance, liquid-propellant thruster, Hartmann oscillator
Results of an experimental study of specific features of operation of a resonant gas-dynamic ignition system, as applied to initiation of liquid-propellant thrusters, are reported. Dynamic characteristics of the initiation process are determined. The behavior of the spectral characteristics of pressure oscillations in the combustor of a testbench model of a liquid-propellant thruster with ignition of the fuel mixture by the gas-dynamic system is considered.
O. V. Lapshin, V. K. Smolyakov
Department of Structural Macrokinetics Tomsk Scientific Center, SB RAS, 634050, Tomsk
Keywords: boundary kinetics, diffusion, combustion modes
The problem of combustion of thin film compositions is considered in view of the finite reaction rate at the interfaces. Formulas defining the combustion rate in the diffusion mode and the mode limited by the boundary kinetics are obtained. On the basis of these formulas, techniques for estimating the parameters of the diffusion and boundary kinetics are proposed. Unsteady combustion modes are studied, and features of the transition from the kinetic to the diffusion mode are revealed.
S. A. Bostandzhiyan, I. S. Gordopolova, V. A. Shcherbakov
Institute of Structural Macrokinetics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka
Keywords: electrothermal explosion, modeling, inert heating, ignition
An electrothermal explosion in cylindrical specimens surrounded by an annular layer of an electroconducting material is simulated. The entire system is located in a cylindrical metallic casing, which is electrically insulated from the electroconducting medium. Heat exchange with the ambient medium proceeds in accordance with Newton's law. An analytical solution of the problem of determining stationary temperature fields under inert heating in the absence of chemical heat sources is obtained. Critical conditions of the electrothermal explosion (power of electric heat release) are determined. Ignition on the specimen axis occurs in the supercritical regime in a certain range of the power of electric heat release. At greater values of the power of electric heat release, ignition occurs on the specimen surface.
A. I. Kirdyashkin, R. M. Gabbassov, Yu. M. Maksimov, V. G. Salamatov
Department of Structural Macrokinetics Tomsk Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634021 Tomsk
Keywords: combustion, heterogeneous system, acoustic emission
It was established experimentally that during SHS, reaction systems (Ni–Al, Ti–B, Mo–B, etc.) generated acoustic oscilations in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 1.1 MHz with a pulse power of up to 17 W. It was found that the combustion of different systems is characterized by an individual set of dynamic parameters of acoustic emission in the modes of low ordered discrete pulses and highly ordered self-oscillations. It is shown that the spatial zone of acoustic emission is localized near the combustion wave. Analysis of the acoustic emission mechanisms of SHS is performed.
V. M. Levin1, V. N. Karasev1, L. L. Kartovitskii1, E. A. Krymov2, O. A. Skachkov2 1Moscow Aviation Institute, 125993 Moscow 2Central Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy Bardin, 105005 Moscow
Keywords: ramjet, two-section combustor, aviation kerosene, working process, instability
The process of combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel in a pulsed mode is discussed on the basis of results of ramjet testing in an external flow modeling a Mach 5 flight.
K. O. Sabdenov, M. Erzada
Eurasian National University L.N. Gumileva, 010008 Astana, Kazakhstan
Keywords: negative erosive effect, critical Vilyunov number, Bulgakov–Lipanov number, kinetic energy of gas flow, initial combustion temperature of solid propellant
The rate of negative erosive combustion is calculated using analytical methods and a simple model of the gas-phase chemical reactions A → B. The conversion of part of the thermal energy into the kinetic energy of motion of gaseous combustion products along the propellant gasification surface is taken into account within the model. Solutions are obtained for the cases where the thickness of the laminar sublayer is larger or smaller than the width of the combustion zone in the gas phase. The calculation results confirm the author's previous conclusion: manifestation reduction in the negative erosive effect with decreasing initial temperature of the propellant is caused by narrowing of the region of its occurrence.
V. D. Barsukov, S. V. Goldaev, N. P. Min'kova, S. A. Basalaev
Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk
Keywords: ballistite propellant, acceleration, water medium, mobile localizer of the combustion zone, gasification front
This paper discusses the results of experiments on the underwater combustion of ballistite propellant in a centrifugal force field where the gasification front moves in the direction of acceleration. The necessary conditions for the combustion were provided using a mobile localizer of the combustion zone, which was a shell of a heat-resistant material put on the test sample of the propellant.
F. A. Bykovskii1, S. A. Zhdan1,2, E. F. Vedernikov1, Yu. A. Zholobov2 1Institute of Hydrodynamics M.A. Lavrentiev SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk 2Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk
Keywords: continuous spin detonation, plane–radial vortex combustor, coal, flow structure
Regimes of continuous spin detonation of coal particles in an air flow in a flow-type plane–radial combustor 500 mm in diameter are studied. The tested substance is fine-grained cannel coal from Kuzbass having a particle size of 1–7 mm and containing 24.7% of volatiles, 14.2% of ashes, and 5.1% of moisture. A certain amount of hydrogen is added for coal transportation into the combustor and promotion of the chemical reaction on the surface of solid particles. To reduce air pressure losses in channels connecting the manifold and the combustor, their cross section is increased to limiting values (25 cm2), whereas the combustor exit diameter is reduced. The angle of the air flow direction and the combustor geometry are also varied. The minimum pressure difference in the air injection channels (16%) is reached with stability of continuous spin detonation in the combustor being retained. The domain of continuous spin detonation regimes in the coordinates of the fuel flow rate and specific flow rate of the mixture is constructed. The results of studying detonation burning of solid fuels can find applications in power engineering, chemical industry, and environmental science, in particular, contamination by combustion products.
P. Srinivasan1, S. N. Asthana2, P. Kumaradhas1 1University Periyar, Salem 636011, India 2Laboratory of high energy materials, 411021 Pune, India
Keywords: energetic material, crystal structure prediction, electron density, Laplacian of electron density, electrostatic potential, impact sensitivity
The energetic parameters, such as density, bond strength, and sensitivity of explosives/propellants decide their detonation power and safety. Experimentally, optimization of these parameters is found to be a difficult task; therefore, prior to synthesis, it makes sense to estimate these parameters by computational techniques, ab initio crystal structure prediction, and quantum chemical calculation coupled with the AIM analysis. Here, we predict the density of an energetic 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid (DNBA) molecule from different ab initio crystal structure models and validate the results through comparisons with experimental data. The bond topological characterization reveals that the C—NO2 bonds are the weakest bonds and are identified as sensitive bonds in the molecule. The bond sensitivity is estimated from Murray's method. The impact sensitivity of this molecule is also calculated. Large negative electrostatic potential regions are found near the NO2 and carboxylic groups, which are the reactive sites of the molecule.
A. Yu. Dolgoborodov, M. A. Brajnikov, M. N. Makhov, N. E. Safronov, V. G. Kirilenko
Institute of Chemical Physics N.N. Semenova RAS, 119991 Moscow
Keywords: benzotrifuroxane, detonation, optical pyrometer, temperature, heat of explosion, propellant performance
The brightness temperature and pressure profiles of the detonation products of pressed charges of benzotrifuroxane were determined by a pyrometric method, and the heat of explosion and propellant performance were experimentally determined. The temperature of the detonation products (4100±150 K) was significantly lower than the calculated values reported in most theoretical papers. Compared to HMX, benzotrifuroxane has a higher heat of explosion but lower expansion velocity of the shell T-20) method and Gurney energy.
A. M. Molodets, D. V. Shakhrai, A. S. Savinykh, A. A. Golyshev, V. V. Kim
Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, 142432 Chernogolovka
Keywords: shock-wave compression, polymers, Grüneisen coefficient, equation of state
Semi-empirical equations of state (thermal and caloric) are obtained to calculate not only the kinematic parameters (shock wave velocity, particle velocity, reverberation of waves) but also the thermodynamic parameters (temperature, pressure, compression) of monolithic and porous polytetrafluoroethylene at high shock pressures. The equations of state are used to model wave interaction in shock-wave experiments using the developed hydrocode. The equations are verified by comparison simulation results with published results of experiments and the data of our shock compression tests of solid and porous samples of PTFE in the range of 10–170 GPa.
In the paper we proposed to use the delaminating system water – oxyphos B – sodium sulphate for the purposes of extraction. Solubility isotherms have been obtained for the system at 25 °С. Concentration ranges have been established for the region of two-phase liquid equilibrium. An interphase distribution of certain metal ions has been studied at a concentration thereof equal to 1 · 10–4 mol/L in the presence of HCl or H2SO4.
N. V. ZHURAVLEVA1, O. V. IVANYKINA1 and Z. R. ISMAGILOV2 1West Siberian Test Center JSC,
Ul. Ordzhonikidze 9, Novokuznetsk 654006 (Russia)
E-mail: zsic@mail.ru 2Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sovetskiy Pr.18, Kemerovo 650000 (Russia)
E-mail: iccms@iccms.sbras.ru
Keywords: ash-and-slag waste, toxic elements, gross forms of elements, mobile forms of elements, water-soluble forms of elements
Pages: 445–452
Toxic element distribution in ash-and-slag wastes from the fuel-and-energy complex of the enterprises of Kemerovo Region was studied. The mobile species of copper, nickel, zinc, lead are revealed to migrate into the groundwater. It is demonstrated that the ash-and-slag wastes in the case of contacting with water become a source of toxic elements (vanadium, molybdenum, arsenic, nickel, zinc, manganese and chromium). The content of these elements in groundwater in the territory of ash-and-slag dumps and adjacent natural water sources significantly exceeds the maximum permissible concentration thereof in water.
N. S. KOBOTAEVA, D. A. KANASHEVICH, A. V. BORILO, T.S. SKOROKHODOVA and E.E. SIROTKINA
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademicheskiy 4, Tomsk 634021 (Russia) E-mail: nat@ipc.tsc.ru
Keywords: carbon (II) monoxide oxidation, catalysts, hopcalite
Pages: 453–457
Catalysts for carbon (II) monoxide low-temperature oxidation were studied. It is demonstrated that wastes from water treatment plants those are formed in the course of water purification from iron can be used as catalysts in the mentioned process.
N. I. KOPYLOV1, YU. D. KAMINSKY1, ZH. DUGARZHAV2 and B. AVID2 1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
E-mail: kolyubov@narod.ru 2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Academy of Sciences of Mongolia,
Ul. Mira 4, Ulaanbaatar 210351 (Mongolia)
E-mail: dugar21mn@yahoo.com
Keywords: black coal, Tavantolgoy deposit, thermal analysis, thermal decomposition, agglomeration, gaseous, low melting and volatile coal components, mechanochemical activation
Pages: 459–463
The results of experiments on DTGA of black coal from the Tavantolgoy deposit (Mongolia) are presented. It was discovered that intense voluminous expansion and at the same time agglomeration of coal material occur during thermal decomposition. This process is accompanied by the removal of gaseous, low melting and boiling components of coal. The effect of preliminary mechanical activation and its duration on the character of separation of thermolysis products was demonstrated. The suitability of coal without additional binding additives for briquetting was established.
N. I. KOPYLOV1, YU. D. KAMINSKY1, ZH. DUGARZHAV2 and B. AVID2 1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
E-mail: kolyubov@narod.ru 2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Academy of Sciences of Mongolia,
Ul. Mira 4, Ulaanbaatar 210351 (Mongolia)
E-mail: dugar21mn@yahoo.com
Keywords: brown coal, Baganur deposit, thermolysis, gaseous component, thermal analysis, agglomeration
Pages: 465–470
Thermolysis of brown coal from the Baganur deposit (Mongolia) was studied. It was established that this coal is distinguished by the high content of gaseous component (up to 40 %) and low content of the liquid fraction (up to 7 %). The decomposition of the material starts at a temperature of about 200 °С. Within the whole heating temperature range (up to 650 °С) the material does not get agglomerated; the final product of thermolysis is loose graphite-like material.
A. V. MASHKINA and L. N. KHAIRULINA
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia) E-mail: amash@catalysis.ru
Keywords: catalysts, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl sulphide, methanol
Pages: 471–478
Reaction between dimethyl disulphide and methanol at 250–400 °С was studied under the influence of catalysts having strong acidic centers on the surface thereof such as amorphous aluminosilicate, zeolites HNaY and HZSM-5, and aluminochromium catalysts. In the presence of these catalysts, the major product of the reaction is presented by dimethyl sulphide that is formed via the interaction of one disulphide molecule with two molecules of methanol. Among aluminosilicate catalysts, the greatest activity is exhibited by pure zeolite HZSM-5; in the case of modifying the zeolite by cobalt or chromium oxides the catalytic performance thereof is not improved. Catalysts containing chromium oxide on aluminum oxide appeared to be efficient in the formation of dimethyl sulphide, whereas the activity thereof increases with increasing the content of chromium in the catalyst. The rate of the reaction in the presence of chromium catalysts increases in direct proportion with increasing the concentrations of methanol and dimethyl disulphide, as well as with increasing the temperature. The apparent activation energy is equal to (67±2) kJ/mol. The reaction between methanol and dimethyl disulphide in the presence of aluminochromium catalysts occurs selectively and with a high productivity with respect to DMS.
K. V. MISHCHENKO and YU. M. YUKHIN
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia) E-mail: kseniya.kuznetsova@gmail.com
Keywords: bismuth oxocarbonate, high-purity compounds, chemical synthesis, nitric solutions
Pages: 479–483
The formation of bismuth (III) oxocarbonate (BiO)2CO3 was studied by means of X-ray phase analysis, electron microscopy and chemical analysis. Comparative analysis of different methods of obtaining bismuth oxocarbonate was carried out: bismuth precipitation from nitric solutions with the addition of ammonium carbonate and with the inverse order of reagent addition, as well as the interaction of solid bismuth oxohydroxonitrate with the aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate. The reasonability of the synthesis of fine crystalline highly pure bismuth (III) oxocarbonate through the interaction of oxohydroxobismuth (III) nitrate monohydrate with the solutions of ammonium carbonate.
R. R. POTOKINA1, N. V. ZHURAVLEVA1 and Z. R. ISMAGILOV2,3 1West Siberian Test Center JSC,
Ul. Ordzhonikidze 9, Novokuznetsk 654006 (Russia)
E-mail: zsic@mail.ru 2Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Sovetskiy Pr.18, Kemerovo 650000 (Russia)
E-mail: iccms@iccms.sbras.ru 3Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University,
Ul. Vesennyaya 28, Kemerovo 650000 (Russia)
Keywords: coal, gas content, maximum methane content, methane, coal seam, adsorption, desorption
Pages: 485–489
Direct and indirect methods for studying the gas content of coal seams are considered. Advantages and disadvantages of volumetric, gravimetric and dynamic methods are demonstrated with respect to the estimation of potential methane content.
G. M. SKURIDIN1, O. V. CHANKINA2, A. A. LEGKODYMOV3, N. V. BAGINSKAYA1, V. K. KREIMER1 and K. P. KOUTSENOGII2 1Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
E-mail: skuridin@bionet.nsc.ru 2Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia) 3Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 11, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
Keywords: elemental composition, synchrotron radiation, sea buckthorn fruits
Pages: 491–498
An elemental composition inherent in the ripe fruits of the Siberian sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. mongolica Rousi) endemically growing in West Siberia was studied. By means of X-ray fluorescence analysis with the use of synchrotron radiation, a quantitative content of K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pb in the fruits of sea buckthorn and in the soil, as well as biological absorption coefficients for these elements were determined. It has been found that sea buckthorn fruits accumulate titanium, niobium, chromium, zirconium at relatively high quantities with respect to averaged over-ground phytomass, whereas they accumulate manganese, cobalt, vanadium, calcium, lead, strontium, copper, rubidium, scandium, and zinc at relatively low quantities. It has been established that the fruits of sea buckthorn do not concentrate toxic chemical elements such as lead and arsenic.
S. V. BAZARSADUEVA1 and L. D. RADNAEVA1,2 1Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Sakhyanovoy 8, Ulan Ude 670047 (Russia)
E-mail: bselmeg@gmail.com 2Buryatia State University,
Ul. Smolina 24a, Ulan Ude 670000 (Russia)
Keywords: deep-water Baikal amphipoda, fatty acid composition
Pages: 499–502
For the first time the fatty acid composition of deep-water Baikal amphipoda Ommatogammarus albinus sampled with the help of deep-water manned submersible units «Mir» was studied. Using the technique of chromatography–mass spectrometry, in the tissue of Baikalian amphipoda there have been 40 fatty acids observed those exhibit different unsaturation level with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, 18:1n9. A high ratio 18:1n9/18:1n7 and relatively low ratio values 16:1n7/16:0 and 20:5n3/22:6n3 indicate that deep-water amphipoda Ommatogammarus albinus belong to necrophages.
YU. A. GISMATULINA and V. V. BUDAEVA
Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Sotsialisticheskaya 1, Biysk 659322 (Russia)
E-mail: ipcet@mail.ru
Keywords: Russian miscanthus, ash, fat-wax fraction, cellulose according to Kurschner, nitric acid method, α-cellulose, residual lignin, level of polymerization
Pages: 503–508
Chemical compositions were determined for two miscanthus crops harvested from one-year-old and two-year-old plantations (the whole plant, stems and leaves taken separately). The content of non-cellulosic components (fat-and-wax fraction, ash, acid-insoluble lignin) in the leaves was revealed to be higher as compared with the corresponding parameters for the stems, whereas cellulose and pentosans in the stem are prevailing. It has been demonstrated that the cellulose species obtained with the help of a nitric-acid method from the leaves and stems, taken separately, are varying in quality and yield. The ash level and the residual lignin content inherent in the cellulose obtained from leaves is higher than that for the cellulose obtained from the stems, whereas the mass fraction of α-cellulose and the polymerization level of cellulose obtained from the leaves are lower as compared to those for the cellulose produced from the stems. It was found that the cellulose from the miscanthus stems taken from two-year-old plantations, is characterized by a high quality: the mass fraction of α-cellulose is equal to 94 %, PL 800, ash content 0.07 %, the mass fraction of residual lignin 0.5 %, that of pentosans amounting to 0.4 %.
M. N. DENISOVA and V. V. BUDAEVA
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:230:"Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
A process of cellulose producing from miscanthus by means of a hydrotropic method using a universal thermobaric unit was studied. An expediency of additional washing the technical grade cellulose by hydrotropic solution was vindicated. Main characteristics are presented for the products obtained depending on the conditions of delignification. The hydrotropic method for processing the cellulose-containing raw materials has been demonstrated to be universal with and the results being reproducible.
M. P. SEMUSHINA1, K. G. BOGOLITSYN1,2, A. YU. KOZHEVNIKOV1,2 and D. S. KOSYAKOV1,2 1Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University,
Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny 17, Arkhangelsk 163002 (Russia) 2Institute of Ecological Problems in the North, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny 23, Arkhangelsk 163061 (Russia)
Keywords: sorption, propellant, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, UDMH, lignin
Pages: 515–519
The sorption properties of technical-grade lignins were studied with respect to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. It has been found that the lignin obtained by means of hydrolysis exhibits a high sorption capacity with respect to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine owing to a greater number of active sorption centers. Dynamics has been studied for binding unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine by the hydrolytic lignin.
I. A. PAVLOV, V. F. BURDUKOVSKY and S. S. PALITSYNA
Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Sakhyanovoy 8, Ulan Ude 670047 (Russia)
A. P. KRYSIN
Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
Keywords: natural and synthetic phenol antioxidants, properties of antioxidant system, prophylactics of diseases, intermediate products of synthesis and properties of phenolic modifyers of polymers, synthesis of hybrid antioxidants
The antioxidant system of protection in humans is presented in the general form, and unfavourable factors affecting this system are characterized. The scientific and technological achievements in the chemistry of phenol antioxidants and modifying agents, aimed at the improvement of the characteristics of polymer products for consumers and an increase in the lifetime of products under extreme performance conditions are considered.
