Home – Home – Jornals – Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 2013 number 12

Effect of atmospheric turbulence on power fluctuations of backscattered laser radiation at lidar receiving aperture is estimated. The estimates are obtained for divergent laser beams with the Gaussian intensity distribution in the Rytov approximation. Simple analytic formulas are suggested as estimators of the variance of received power fluctuations. Estimates showed that, for paths of length about 10 km and radii of sounding region about 1 m, root square values of relative power fluctuations can be comparable with relative variation of the received power at changing sounding from atmospheric regions with background turbulence to highly turbulent regions (clear air turbulence).

Results of the atmospheric experiments on adaptive correction of the initial wave front aberrations of laser beams of visible and infrared wave range are present. The measured mean power of the laser beam radiation backscattered by a diffuse screen was used for adaptive control for the flexible mirror. It is shown that the efficiency of mitigation of the initial wave front aberrations increases with decreasing the receiver diaphragm diameter. Data of the experiments agree with the results of the qualitative analysis of efficiency of the used experimental set up for mitigation of the wave front aberrations.

The experimental results on transformation of the spectral and spatial characteristics of femtosecond Ti:Sapphire-laser pulses with the wavelengths of 800 and 400 nm at both harmonics during filamentation in liquid media are presented. It is shown that spectral broadening of a laser pulse at the expense of phase self-modulation in a medium with cubic nonlinearity depends on pulse power and beam diameter. Emission with maximum at 464 nm is observed during filamentation of the pulses with wavelength of 400 nm in distilled water, which corresponds to stimulated Raman scattering of the water. Fluorescence of dissolved organic matters is observed in sea water.

We show that large-scale atmospheric inhomogeneities observed in experiments can significantly affect optical radiation propagation along extended paths. We demonstrate that it is impossible to take into account this effect in the framework of the classical turbulence model. We propose a new algorithm for numerical simulation of laser beam propagation along extended low-inclined atmospheric paths with large-scale atmospheric inhomogeneities, which allows one to take into account beam refraction and focusing on the large-scale inhomogeneities along with beam distortions due to small-scale inhomogeneities and regular refraction in a vertical plane.

A methodology for measuring the astronomic climate characteristics of the Baykal astrophysical observatory (BAO) from the analysis of the digital image quality, obtained from a full disk solar telescope is proposed. The image quality is estimated by a modified information-statistical “optimal window” algorithm. A large body of data (several thousand frames) is processed automatically using a hardware-software system, developed at the Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS on the basis of NVIDIA® CUDA and Intel® IPP & MKL parallel programming technologies. The results of a statistical analysis of solar chromospheric H-alpha filter-grams, obtained on BAO in 2001–2002 by means of a Princeton Instruments 2048B digital camera, are presented.

Data of polarization spectronephelometric measurements have been used to study the dynamics of optical-microphysical properties of pyrolysis smoke during three days of smoke aging in the Large Aerosol Chamber of IAO SB RAS (1800 m³). The smoke was formed from low-temperature (~ 400 °C) decomposition of wood of coniferous trees (pine). The inverse problem was solved to study peculiarities in the disperse composition and the complex refractive index of smoke particles. A key difference of the microphysics of pyrolysis smokes from mixed regimes of forest biomass burning is the low content of strongly absorbing compounds (black carbon) in ultra-fine particles (radius < 150 nm). As a result, the smokes are weakly absorbing, and the single scattering albedo of dense pyrolysis smoke in the visible spectral region (~ 525 nm) at the stage of smoke formation is close to 1 and decreases after 3-day storage down to only ~ 0.96. In the size distribution of particles, the medium (~ 400 nm) and coarse (~ 850 nm) fractions are formed. At the smoke aging, the both modes shift toward smaller sizes, and for the aged smoke the medium fraction becomes the main mode in the size spectrum. The pyrolysis smoke, in contrast to mixed smokes, is characterized by the wide size spectrum up to radii of about 1500 nm. As a consequence, the effective radius of pyrolysis particles (~ 400 nm) at the smoke formation is more than twice as large as that of mixed smokes. At the smoke aging, the effective radius decreases from 400 to 170 nm. Stable correlations have been found between the volume coefficients of lidar scattering and extinction, albedo and effective radius of particles. These correlations count in favor of applicability of the single-parameter model of submicron aerosol for the pyrolysis smoke.

The paper presents unique data of 12 years (2001–2012) monitoring at Klyuchi site (Novosibirsk region) on changes in aerosol mass concentrations and concentrations of organic carbon (ОС), elemental carbon (ЕС) and total protein (ТР) in it. It was found that aerosol mass concentrations, OC, and OC/ЕС ratio have trends to increase, but TP has a trend to decrease. Seasonal changes in observed EC, OC and TP concentrations and its ratios are also revealed. The comparison of data obtained and recently published data for other Asia and Europe regions show that there are good agreements between them for some regions and no agreement for some other regions.

We discuss the specific features of the spatiotemporal variations in the atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD), measured during the 58th Russian Antarctic Expedition onboard RVs Akademik Fyodorov, RV Akademik Treshnikov, and at the Mirny station. It is shown that the main regularity of the spatiotemporal AOD distribution over ocean in the southern hemisphere is the linear latitudinal decrease of AOD from 0.15 at the equator to 0.025 near Antarctica. We indicate the persistence of low AOD level in Antarctica (0.022 + 0.005) during last 17 years.

The mechanism of the volcanic aerosol transport to the stratosphere after Plinian eruptions, when the maximum height of the emission does not exceed the height of the tropopause, is proposed in the paper. NOAA HYSPLIT trajectory model and open global temperature data were applied to show the role of the volcanic ash and gas clouds in the temperature change of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, as well as in the tropopause destruction, and therefore, in the intensification of the stratosphere–troposphere exchange. It is found out that the abnormal increase in ground-level ozone concentrations is recorded with the passage of volcanic clouds.

Range of standardized fotodetector modules are created due to cooperation of scientific groups of Institute of Physics, NASB, Belarus, and Institute of Atmospheric Optics, SB RAS, Russia. These modules provide the signal registration in wavelength range from 0.28 to 1.5 mm by the use of PMT or avalanche photodiodes under analog or photon count regimes. The software for modules control is developed and a test stand for measuring of their parameters is made. The modules are suitable for the use at CIS-LiNet lidar network stations.

Оn the basis of long series of observations obtained at TOR-station at the Tomsk Akademgorodok, an empirical model for prediction of average daily ozone concentrations is developed based on a multilayer neural network. A comparison with models based on multiple linear regression and autoregression was conducted. The method of neural network approach turned out to be the most successful among all others. It gives a possibility to describe 70% of the total variance and the average value of 50% of the variance of the standard deviation. In this case, the value of the mean square prediction error does not exceed the instrumental error of measurements.

The static chambers method and an automatic sampling and analyses system «Flux-NIES» for measuring methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from soil to atmosphere are described. Analytic system uses semiconductor sensor for methane and NDIR for carbon dioxide. System was installed and worked since 1997 to the present time near Plotnikovo settlement (Vasyugan bog) (56-51.29' N, 82-50.91' E) of Tomsk region. The technical detail of system and calculation method are represented.

The results of numerical modeling of meteorological conditions in the vicinity of the airport Bogashevo and the city of Tomsk were obtained with the help of the Mesoscale Prediction System Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF). Main attention is paid to the choice of the parameterization of microphysical processes, which is adequate for the condition of the Western Siberia, in order to obtain a reliable forecast of the intense rainfall. Comparisons of the prognostic and the actual data on the precipitates and the cloudiness were performed. It has demonstrated good capabilities of the model to forecast rainfall and aviation hazards. The best results were obtained by the use of microphysics parameterization ETA.

The growing dynamics of the relations of the far red (F₇₃₄) to red (F₆₈₂) fluorescence leaves of crymophylactic grass of Elytrigia repens differs from similar dependencies obtained for poplar and birch. It is shown that in the spring and autumn periods the value of F ₇₃₄/F₆₈₂ increases as the temperature decreases. In the urban environment of the city of Krasnoyarsk parameter F₇₃₄/F₆₈₂ is more resistant to the influence of pollutants, than the concentration of the amount of chlorophylls leaves of Elytrigia repens.

This article analyzes the Russian system of social partnership, its structure and functions. Social partnership is seen as a way of resolving social conflicts on the basis of the case studies and the structural-functional approach functional approach. Social partnership shows interdependence of the social groups, where the main task of social partnership is to take into account the differences between these groups in realizing the coordinated decisions. A society can develop harmoniously only in the conditions of coordination between the interests of the state and various social groups.

It is shown that the paradox of opposite conclusions from the same empirical information about the value orientations of students is expressed in the eclectic combination of the principles of alternative paradigms. The main direction of the transformation of the value orientations of students is characterized by antisocial orientation. The value attitude to work is reduced to two types: the terminal (life-meaning) and the instrumental (as a means to achieve other goals) ones. The massive rejection of the instrumental attitude toward work in favor of the terminal one is a controversial process, which constitutes an entire historical epoch. As a result of the transformational socio-economic processes in Russia, there are taking place large-scale changes in the minds of students.

The article considers the problem of systematization of humanities and states the need for introducing such philosophical disciplines as ethics, religion, and logic for the high school students within the framework of additional education. The author describes the experience of implementation of these disciplines in the Chita Suvorov Military School of the Russian Interior Ministry. Russian Interior Ministry. The additional philosophical disciplines help to resolve an entire complex of the world-view problems, foster the formation of the spiritual-moral reference points, critical comprehension of the social processes and affirmation of the humanistic values. The educational reform in Russia is directed on the formation of such spiritual-moral environment, where the students learn to defend their world-view position, taking into account the priority of the traditional cultural values.

The author analyzes the role of social volunteer practice in the process of training the Bachelors of Social Work. The author considers this type of practical training as an education technology technology. The social volunteer practice plays the role of a basis for the creation of new possibilities and realization of the personal potential of the youth, as well as a way of mastering the basics of the future profession through the theoretical and practical activities. The development of the volunteer movement in the higher education system is understood as one of the priority strategies, because to train the quality social workers there are needed fundamentally new, active forms of education.

This article discusses the most significant features of the Western and Russian civilizations that determine the content of the cross-cultural West – Russia dialogue. Based on the identified features, the author proposes an approach to the formation of Russia’s position in this cross-cultural dialogue dialogue. There is necessary to ensure preservation of the national and cultural originality of Russia as the main condition for the equal dialogue. Also, the throwback to the positions of isolationism is inadmissible, because integration – first of all, the economic one “ is an objective necessity for Russia. The latter is impossible without the cultural integration, achieved by means of the equal dialogue of cultures.

In the work the systematizing role of the invariance and relativity concepts in the system of knowledge is considered on the example of education in the field of physics field of physics. Taking into account the organizational structure of the classical physics knowledge, the author has constructed a model of a five-level system of classical physics education. At that, the education on each level must satisfy the requirements of wholeness and continuity. The analysis of the system of the physics knowledge on the basis of the concept of relativity and invariance provide a methodological foundation for structuring the educational physics knowledge.

The article explores the possibilities and prospects of implementation of a system of continuous professional economic and business education in the institution of higher professional education higher professional education. There are distinguished two levels of continuous education: the higher professional economic education and the additional professional economic business-education. At that, the informational support of the activity of the continuous education system is considered as a priority direction of the development. The system of continuous professional education fosters self-realization of the person in the social-professional sphere, helps the professional and career growth.

The author analyzes the concept of the human body phenomenon and its transformation in the history of philosophy, and explores a specific virtual corporality in its relation to the formation of the modern person. The article points out to the necessity of changes in the educational process, taking into account the emergence of new types of corporality (medial, virtual body), thinking (‘clip mentality’), and new communities based on the virtual space. Here the author investigates the characteristics of corporality, which are being formed in the modern context of advanced technologies. The author points out to a fundamental difference in the perception of the human body in the classical philosophy and in the perception of corporality of the user in the contemporary discourse; this requires new approaches in solving problems, associated with the development and formation of the individual.

The article considers the problem of emerging artificial technogenic world and its influence on the human being and the nature of the biosphere. The author pays a special attention to studying the disastrous consequences of such impact of such impact. The author of the article not only studies the social-economic changes which take place in the post-industrial technogenic society, but also investigates the character of the technogenic social-natural development of the earth world. It is shown that the transformation of biogenic processes in the technosphere’s environment results in the appearance of techno-biogenic processes which are the reason of initiation of pathologic processes in nature and the organism of the human being.

In the article, there is considered in the modern context the problem of socialization of adolescents-orphans. A significant role in this process is played by the formation of a consistent positive temporal transspective, in which the past time is the basis of the future time of the person. It is substantiated that the adolescents-orphans, pupils of the professional college, have a distorted temporal transspective: low productivity, reduced extent, negative emotional component, weakly developed reflection and readiness to adopt for oneself the responsibility for one’s own life, which requires a special work, directed toward its correction.

The paper is devoted to the system research of the multifunctional theory of dance. The variability is shown of pedagogical technologies of dance in the system of XXI century education. The prospect of introduction of dance as a kind of creative activity of the person is conformable to the ideas of different experts. For the first time, the functions of dance are studied as pedagogical technologies of innovative education innovative education. The theoretical and methodological research of the phenomenon of dance, the accumulated centuries-old practical experience of the folk culture are oriented to the perspective development of Russia.

The author analyzes the educational system proposed by I. Yefremov in the socio-philosophical novel “Andromeda Nebula” as an alternative version of the education reform in the context of globalization globalization. Under the influence of humanistic pedagogical ideas, I. Efremov creates in the “Andromeda Nebula” novel an example of the school of the future where education is inseparable from upbringing. The project by I. Efremov is designed for such stage of social development when the globalization process is coming to its completion and a universal language and a universal education system are being formed. A new united humanity becomes a subject of educational process, where the foundation of education is morality.

The article points out the leading role of education in the implementation of the model of sustainable development. Considering the ecological imperative as its methodological basis, the author reveals the essence of environmental ethics – a new field of social and human knowledge, which studies the behavior and activities of the human being in nature and their most important regulators. One form of implementation of its ideas into the practice of civilization is the environmental law; and the environmental and legal competence is the most important indicator of the national culture. In the transition to sustainable development, its formation is becoming one of the strategic objectives of education.

The paper deals with some philosophical and methodological aspects of Russian student youth’ social consciousness. The analysis of theoretical studies and empirical data shows that the destructive social processes tend to increase contradictions in the social consciousness of the Russians. The search for effective means of the higher education’s involvement in building up social consciousness and behavior leads the author to the conclusion that many of the existing problems can be solved from the standpoint of the management sociology.

The main goals of the article are 1) to acquaint the reader with the history of Laplace determinism, the central idea of this scientific and philosophic program and those fundamental problems, which arose after legalization of this program in science, 2) to suggest some ways of solution of those problems. The main theme of article is that determinism is not yet gotten over in the minds of scientists and ordinary people, and this fact presents the main problem of modernity. We suggest a pedagogical solution of this problem. It is a correction of educational plans (from secondary schools to higher education institutions), and it is the propaganda of indeterminism ideas among the young people, because the blind belief in determinism is very dangerous in our technological century.

The concept of “growth-development” (development, treated in a special sense of “growth”) is central in Dewey’s philosophy of education, being incorporated in his ontology, epistemology, ethics, and social theory. This fact was interpreted in different ways with different implications for the theory and practice of education. In Russia, fascinated by the project method associated with Dewey’s ideas, this concept has not yet received sufficient attention. However, the concept of “growth-development”, having critical importance for understanding of these ideas in their depth and foundations, potentially has in itself not only possible insights but also some problems. These issues are discussed in the article and receive original author’s interpretation.

The author analyzes the structural organization of consciousness, which represents a complete system, consisting of different elements, regularly related to one another. In the article, there are studied the real and symbol layers of consciousness, genetically preceded by the reflective one. It is reasoned that a source of real characteristics of consciousness is the subject and social action. As a whole, it is proved that the internal reflexive resources of consciousness are realized by means of emotions, memory, thinking, attention, will, imagination and its other structural components components. The conscious human being realizes the objective significance of his/her goals and motives; he/she is also capable of self-control on the basis of moral norms developed by the society.

The article is devoted to working out a theoretical basis of mathematical modeling of the competence approach in professional education on the basis of the ideas of constructivist pedagogy in terms of modern educational paradigm. The content of the work is determined by investigating three conceptual components, which are the system principles of the competence approach, the conception of mathematic model, and the mathematic model of the competence approach. The mathematic model is developed on the principles of fuzzy logic.

The article describes new trends, characterizing the military progress of the modern world. In particular, peculiarities of military progress after the «cold war», after the abolition of the bipolar world system are analyzed. NATO continues approaching the Russian border, justifying it by the needs of the struggle against the international terrorism. However, the real aims are the same, although they have acquired more rational appearance appearance. It is important to show in the educational process the ambivalent character of military progress as a part of social progress; at that, the problem of peace, prevention of war is considered as an issue of prime importance.

The complexity of the tasks of studying the process of professional development of the pedagogical collective determines the necessity of orientation to the methodological principles corresponding to the problem. The clarity of the methodological principles and methodological apparatus allows obtaining better substantiated, systematic and concrete pedagogical and methodical recommendations, which will create a solid base for the study of such complex and multifaceted problem. In the article, there are characterized the regularities of professional progress of the pedagogical collective of modern school revealed as a result of long-term research which are concretized by the theoretical positions and principles of realization in actual teaching. Thus, the methodological substantiation is provided for the process of professional progress of pedagogical collective in modern conditions.

The article is devoted to the economic training of students in the system of secondary professional education. The author formulated a definition of «economic training» as a continuous process of formation and development of social-economic competences, skills and socially oriented professional values which allow the effective realization of pedagogical activity in the new economic conditions. There are considered the requirements for the young specialist in the conditions of market competition (including educational services), the content of Federal state educational standards of the secondary vocational education as it concerns the economic training, and the special features of the competence approach to teaching the students.

The author substantiates the concept of professional-psychological characteristics of the teacher which are determined by the formation of modern polycultural educational space of Russia. The data of the carried out empirical research show the existence of distinctions in the manifestation degrees of the professional-psychological characteristics of the teachers working in the polycultural and single-cultural environments environments. The development of the cultural and ethnical manifoldness of the Russian society has influenced the formation of a polycultural educational space which is the most important factor of the professional and personal development of the pedagogues. At that, the pedagogues working in the polycultural educational space have higher levels of persistence, adaptability, collectivism, gender tolerance, inter-confessional tolerance and adherence to traditional culture.

The author analyzes the relevance and content of a model of formation of technological competence of the Bachelors of pedagogical education of the technological profile. The article reveals the interrelations of all the components of the model, specific features of the educational process with the introduction of the author’s integrative course «Foundations of the theory of technological learning». Thus, there is justified the use of the model of formation of technological competence of the Bachelors of pedagogical education of the technological profile, which can increase the level of technological competence of the students and optimizes the work of teachers.

The author analyzes the place and content of advertising education in the context of modern information society development. The institutional specificity of advertising education in Russia is investigated in the article. Also, there are shown the connection of the development of digital and advertising technologies with the changes in educational standards, professional competences, and social virtualization. The author justifies the need of studying and using the advertising education as one of specific forms of the humanitarian influence on the processes, taking place in the society.

The social-communicative functions of the visual text of advertisement are analyzed in the article from the point of view of the marketing and culturological approaches. The theory of communicative efficiency of advertisement, on one hand, and the interpretation of the advertisement message as creation and translation of socio-cultural meanings, on the other, give an opportunity of integrative consideration of the advertisement text phenomena. Innovative synthesis of these approaches allows distinguishing such its functions as «creation of communicative effects», «reference», «receptive», «creation of meanings», «adaptation», «creative», «relaxation» and opens the perspectives of the further scientific investigations.

In the article there are considered some general results of the XXIII World Congress of Philosophy, as well as the work of the «Philosophy of education» section. There is also presented the author’s understanding of the modern native philosophy of education and the main aim of education and upbringing and upbringing. During the recent two decades the philosophy of education has made a substantial progress, which was fostered by the new historical epoch with acute social contradictions. A great aim of the humanity is the formation of the new, all-round and free person. To achieve that, it is necessary to create a qualitatively new society having a system of universal education and upbringing.