Home – Home – Jornals – Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 2013 number 10

We considered the characteristics of modernized measurement complex of Siberian Lidar Station (SLS), as well as some other lidar installations, developed at V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Tomsk State University, and their capabilities for sensing the atmospheric parameters. The lidar measurements of the vertical profiles of temperature are presented and compared with balloon-sonde and satellite data. A lidar for measurements of the vertical ozone distribution in the upper troposphere–stratosphere is described. The reconstructed profiles of the vertical ozone distribution are presented. We give the results of test experiments on laser sensing of the atmospheric gas composition with the help of IR lasers, promising for gas analysis.

Using the method of optical breakdown clipping on Krypton Fluoride excimer laser, ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) pulse compression technology was studied in this paper. And the liquid medium breakdown depth on the ASE pulse compression effect was analyzed. The initial ASE pulse width was 16.8 ns; the shortest 8.4 ns ASE pulse was obtained in the experiment. The auxiliary beam induced luminescence breakdown was used to study on the law of optical breakdown clipping, and the short 7.3 ns ASE pulse was got. These experimental results proved that the auxiliary beams are useful to accelerating the plasma generation rate and duration. The results ASE pulse compression can be controlled in some degree.

Preliminary test data for an original configuration of a multimedia metal vapor laser emitter are presented. The emitter is promising for many applications, in particular, for remote sensing of atmosphere parameters. The novelty of the approach is that two (strontium and copper bromide vapor) gas discharge active elements are placed into a common cavity and each of them is pumped separately from an independent power supply. This permits one to optimize them independently by excitation conditions and, consequently, makes it possible to timely regulate the total set of generation wavelengths and their relative distribution with respect to power in the output beam. This makes the described construction very attractive for a series of scientific and technological applications.

Results on modification of improved synthesis and growth technologies of doped GaSe crystals, design of characterization methods and results of investigation of physical properties, design of tunable mid-IR and wide spectral bandwidth THz parametric frequency converters, first results of its applications in applied spectroscopy are summarized.

We report on the phase-matched high harmonic generation from N₂ gas cell. By varying the laser focus position in the gas cell, we observe the harmonics emission in different position of gas cell. Our results suggest that this source is a potential source for studying ultrafast molecular dynamics

Laser action in gas mixtures of different gases with NF₃ and SF₆ pumped by a volume diffuse discharge formed in nonuniform electric field by run-away electrons (REP DD) is studied. Efficient lasing on HF(DF) and nitrogen molecules was demonstrated. Laser action on atomic transitions of Ne (λ = 585,3 nm, Ar (λ = 750,3 nm), F (λ = 712,8 и 731,1 nm), and on XeF* molecules (λ = 351 and 353 nm) was studied, as well. It was shown that the volume discharge initiated by run-away electrons (REP DD) in gas mixtures with SF₆ is a source for efficient excitation of gas lasers on HF, DF, и N₂ molecules.

The spectral characteristics of high harmonic generation are studied by applying Xe–He mixture gas cell. The cutoff position of harmonics in mixed gases is extended from the 21st to the 27th. In addition, we found the destructive interference of harmonics in Xe–He mixture.

The mathematical model of the XeF(C–A) amplifier of hybrid laser system THL-100 was developed. The numerical investigations of spatial distribution of small-signal gain coefficient in active medium were carried out. The effect of the mirrors reflection coefficient, pumping power, and input pulse energy on the output energy was investigated. It is shown that at input pulse energy of 20 mJ and a mirror reflection coefficient of 0.995 it is possible to increase the output energy up to 3.5 J.

The ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) pulses, output of the transversely excited atmosphere pumped KrF excimer laser, was compressed experimental by the way of laser oscillation quenching. The effect of mirror position and diaphragm aperture on the pulses compression is discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that, when the angle of the mirror relative to the optical axis is 3.0 mrad and the diaphragm aperture is 4.0 mm, the pulse compression effect is best, and the ideal waveform can be obtain. For the original 12.5 ns pulse, output of the discharge pumped KrF excimer laser, when using the way of laser oscillation quenching to compressed, it can be got the best results of 5.1 ns.

Spectral-luminescent and lasing properties of chromene 3 (CAS No. 52372-39-1) and chromene 13 (CAS No. 52372-36-8) in solutions and solid matrices are investigated. The regularities of their changes depended on the molecular structure and intermolecular interactions have been studied. It is shown that the fluorescence quantum yields of the studied compounds are high (0.9%). The studied compounds emit in red spectral range in solutions, films and matrices of PMMA (> 600 nm). The lasing efficiency of solid active media based on chromene 3 pumped by the second harmonic of YAG-Nd³⁺ in transverse pumping reaches 45%. Operating lifetime is comparable to the best-known organic solid state active media that emit in the red spectral range (over 30,000 pulses at one point at decreased efficiency by 5–10%). For chromene 13 lasing efficiency in solutions and matrices is lower (28% and 21%), operating lifetime of the solid active medium is high. The possibility of obtaining the generation of the compounds in thin films was studied.

Results of studying and designing an excitation pulse generator with magnetic compression of pulses by saturated choke for pumping active media of CuBr, Sr, and Ca vapor lasers are presented. A power IGBT transistor is used as a commutator. The generator makes it possible to operate at an excitation pulse repetition frequency of up to 20 kHz. The total average power at all generation lines in a CuBr laser with pumping from this generator is of about 6.0 W; in Sr and Ca lasers, of about 1.3–1.7 W.

This paper presents the algorithm for processing the images obtained by a laser monitor, which makes possible to get data on the observed object or its separate parts. The macros is designed in MATLAB environment implementing this algorithm, and its testing at different objects is carried out. It has been shown that for linear object displacement with the measurement pitch from 10 to 500 micron the error does not exceed 5 percent.

The paper repots on experimental and theoretical research in the effect of chlorine concentration on the radiation efficiency of a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge Xe–Cl ₂ excilamp at a working mixture pressure of 240–250 Torr. The experiments were performed in the range of Cl ₂ concentrations 0.01–1%. The characteristics of the barrier discharge were calculated in the framework of a one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model in the range of Cl ₂ concentrations 0.1–5%. It is shown that at a chlorine concentration of 0.01–0.1%, the radiation intensities of the Xe₂* band (172 nm) and XeCl* band (308 nm) are comparable. As the Cl₂ concentration in the mixture is increased, the radiation intensity of Xe₂ decreases rapidly, and at a chlorine concentration of ≥ 0.2%, the radiant flux of the discharge is dominated by the XeCl (B → X) band with a maximum intensity at 308 nm. The maximum radiation efficiency of this band is attained at chlorine concentrations of 0.4–0.5%. The numerical simulation shows that the total power deposited in the discharge increases with the chlorine concentration due to the increase in the power expended in the heating of positive and negative ions. The power dissipated by electrons decreases as the chlorine concentration in the working mixtures is increased. Recommendations are given on choosing the chlorine content in the mixture to decrease the VUV radiation intensity of the second Xe₂* excimer continuum with a little decrease in excilamp efficiency.

This work is dedicated to the urgent issue of developing a method system of integration experimental devices and software for altitudinal polarization lidar, used in investigation of the microstructure of clouds in the upper layer. The information on characteristics of the investigated medium is contained in the lidar signal, which is a pulse of a complex form with duration of several tens of microseconds.

The peculiarities of processing of the reconstructed holographic images of plankton particles are considered in the paper. The necessity of investigation of the particles appears in the challenges of hydrobiology, hydroacoustics, and oceanic optics. Method of plankton particles recognition with the accuracy up to species on example of the plankton species Episсhura Baicalensis is suggested. The results of approbation of the method are presented, based on video sequences configured from holographic data and visualizing the particles movement dynamics.

Measurement results of the chlorophyll fluorescence spectra excited by tunable radiation of first and second harmonic of Ti:Sapphire laser are presented. The efficiency of fluorescence excitation is investigated depending on laser radiation wavelength.

The technique of passive space infrared and microwave atmospheric sounding is discussed. A result of analysis of the sounding is discovery of tropospheric inner gravity waves (IGW). It is possible to investigate now the infrasonic IGW with frequency of 4 × 10^–5 Hz or less. A wave, looking like mirror of IGW, is found in the initial part of the tropopause, the wave is named mirror wave (MW). MW origin is discussed, a simulation of IGW and MW is realized. The meteorologic events, explosives and seismic activity may excite IGW and MW. Diagrams of IGW and MW during the Japan catastrophic earthquake of 2011 are shown. The before-earthquake region with large seismic activity is found.

The article considers main directions of the development of Novosibirsk in terms of forming of touristic component of image of the city. Cultural, business and scientific spheres and their potential for tourism development in Novosibirsk are shown.

The article considers the issue of bureaucratization of state and most important socio-economic consequences of this occurrence. The essence of bureaucracy is revealed, special features of its functioning in the Russian Federation are analyzed, material basis of bureaucracy and its dominant position in society is proved. The conclusion of budget reprofiling towards interests of bureaucracy is drawn.

The article considers the issues of management of investment activity of an insurance company. Existing strategic investment schemes, used in the management of investment activity of an insurer, are demonstrated. The structure of investment portfolio, that maximizes yield with a view to a possible reduction of tariff rate for a significant competitive advantage of the company, is offered.

The article considers the issue of mortgage crediting in Russia. High mortgage rates are the main barrier for borrower. The existing reductive tools are ineffective. For that matter the author suggests introduction of such extensively used instrument of US banks as mortgage point into practice of Russian banks. Thus, the suggested instrument is a compromise solution that makes it possible to resolve conflict between bank and borrower.

The article describes the use of «index of speed of specific increment value» (IS) for the assessment of local and global efficiency of a major investment project. The algorithm of two criteria comparison of alternate projects on the basis of the assessment of their local and global efficiency is offered. Comparison of projects, which efficiency is assessed with allowance for risk (for several scenarios), is demonstrated.

The article takes a shot at generalization of results of authors researches of unstable aggregations; statement of the problem was performed; assessments, refining threshold values on real data for the solution of the problem of identification of fuzzy aggregations, were made; official data of government statistics was used as date base of the research.

The article considers trends of concentration growth in field markets in the context of globalization, processes of forming of strategic groups in Russian industries, reasons of concentration growth. Real level of concentration is significantly higher at forming of strategic groups. The article presents the methodological approach for the assessment of the real level of production concentration in the context of grouping of enterprises. The correlation between concentration level and sensitivity of fields to cyclic fluctuations is described.

The paper discusses theoretic and methodic issues of credit scoring model development. The results of the authors research using real date of Novosibirsk bank are presented. Discriminant functions for various groups of clients are formed. The statistical evaluation of reliability of obtained results is made. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made.

The article presents typologies of social sphere (in education and healthcare) on the basis of ranking method. Integral index of social facilities availability is calculated. The development of regional policy is defined. The correlation between federal expenditures for healthcare and education and a number of entries in respective institutions is revealed. Realization tools of principle of subsidiarity are offered.

The article discusses the specifics of creative (performing) teams, their features are defined. Much attention is given to the specifics of leadership phenomenon in the context of creative teams. Stable personal characteristics of a creative (musical, dramatic) team leader are defined.

The article considers the influence of modern information technologies on small social groups. Network technologies stand out substantially among information technologies since they have the strongest influence on communications and, therefore, on small groups. It is shown that the role of many traditional small social groups decreases under the influence of information technologies.

This article is devoted to propose the improved methods of grid investments projects evaluation. This method includes not only the financial evaluation but also evaluation of purpose-achievement, social and technological efficiency. Author describes integration of social efficiency evaluation to complex efficiency evaluation of grid investment projects.

The assessment of enforceability state in Irkutsk Region using fuzzy sets theory was made. The obtained fuzzy «low» estimate amounted to 2. It is revealed that enforceability can influence raw materials potential value only after reaching high level of development. Main ways of state influence on apicultural products market are offered. It will contribute to forming of favourable conditions for functioning of all apicultural products market entities.

The purpose of this article is to present the active teaching methods used in e-learning. Active learning is a term used to identify teaching methods that require from students to be actively involved in the learning process. In the article reviews the active teaching methods. Examples of the use of selected methods are presented on the basis of the project ECONET which promotes e-learning in higher education. The article is an attempt to systematize applications supporting the use of active methods in e-learning. The obtained results can be helpful in taking action to support teaching based on Web 2.0 technology.

The article considers a question of the philosophical text’s role and status within the contemporary socio-cultural situation, one of the «signs» of which is devaluation of the printed word. In contrast with the thesis about necessity of contemporary philosophy’s switching-over to the aphoristic form of writing the «aphoristics» is affirmed like a feature of the philosophical text as it is. It is shown, that the presence of this aphoristic «core» as «a written event of thought» acts as a main criterion of the philosophical text’s significance regardless of ifs volume or sistematics.

The article considers the question of constructing «I – the Other» relationship in the context of co-being. The categories of «I» and «the Other» are comprehended on the ontological level within existential-phenomenological and topological approaches. The new meaning of the category of «subject» that allows to consider diversity of mutual becoming of I and the Other in modus of «boundary» is offered from the perspective of the author’s concept of «adaptation».

Political power under the Renaissance to a large extent had a symbolic basis. Researchers define Renaissance culture as a «culture of visibility» where everything that could influence feelings and imagination of people took special place. At that period music, architecture, figurative arts, theatre and literature were widely used for political objectives. Excessive symbolism of Renaissance, rise of spectacles and theatrical rituals contributed to gradual acquiring of new meaning by the traditional forms of socio-political life. The article considers the symbolics of royalty by the example of the festival of the ruler’s entering into dependent city. Its antic and medieval origins as well as peculiarities of its transformation during 15–16 centuries are analyzed.

The article is devoted to legal analysis of forest legislation of Russia and Finland. It addresses the main legal acts in the sphere of use and protection of forests of Russia and Finland, the problems and suggestions of the author to improve the legislation of Russia. Finnish forest legislation focused on forest users, i.e. take their rights, legal interests. Forest owners, in turn, must carefully apply for nature and forests. Such laws useful to make provision in the Russian forestry legislation.

The article is dedicated to the making of 1649 Council code as an important element of socio-political and juridical modernization of home state performed in the middle of the 17 century. Its historical background and sources are analyzed. Much attention is given to the system of the Code and its first chapters. The making of the Code is an example of combination of innovation and conservatism, use of experience of advanced foreign states with regard to national features relying on home traditions.

The present paper contains an analysis of functions that products and services fulfill in contemporary economy. We demonstrate that in addition to its traditional functions a product can be used as a source of information, a basis for service and a physical evidence for a service. We propose a classification of complimentary services based on their correspondence with elements of service marketing mix.

This article explored approaches to the definition of «economic security» and are given own definitions based on the use of a systematic approach, examined and classified threats to economic subject and examined their relationship with economic security.

Logistics features in tourism, its main functions in the process of touristic enterprise management are considered. JIT («Just in time») logistic concept is described, its workability in tourism is assessed. Conditions of implementation into touristic office practice and effective performance of JIT are defined. The basics of ECR («Efficient Consumer Response») method and outlook for its application to the activity of all touristic marker participants are stated.