Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2013 number 3

The religious reformism appears during the periods of historical renewal . In Russia in 1905 there were groups of «free» or «social Christianity» in the reformist structures . Bishop Mikhail (Semenov), one of the leaders of «free Christianity», planned to create the new, free Church . The «free Christianity» was guided by programs which offered religious justification for the social demands . Which of the programs belonged to b . Mikhail (Semenov)? Why did the «neochristians» support «Christianity» and then refuse to help «Golgotha Christians»? The author compares versions of programs and resolves these issues .

The paper by the example of Yakutia shows the activities of institutes and researchers of the Academy of sciences of the USSR in the Asian North during the period which started with reformation of the Scientific Center and its de facto «Sovietiztion» and ended with reorganization of work according to the wartime requirements . In connection with this the author determines factors that influenced the scale and lines of conducted research, studies history of realization of some academic initiatives, reveals their main trends and implications, as well as notes specific moments characterizing research activities of the Academy of Sciences in the Asian North in the 1930s-1941 .

The article written on the archival materials and memoirs deals with research activities of scientists imprisoned and working at the agricultural experimental station and other subdivisions of the KarLAG in the 1930s–1950s . The author shows that despite extreme conditions of camp life the political prisoners accomplished a lot in the spheres of selection, genetics and seed breeding . Their research played a significant role in the development of agriculture in Central Kazakhstan .

The article considers the role of human, material and other resources of the Ukrainian SSR in exploration of virgin and derelict lands of the Soviet Union (Siberia, Kazakhstan and other territories) . In particular it tells us about the evaluation of the «virgin land campaign» in the modern Ukrainian historiography . The author makes a conclusion that Ukrainian historians have a rather critical approach to the study of this question, though some aspects of the «virgin land campaign» remain partially or poorly studied . In most cases their studies are written in the context of national historical narrative «standards» of modern Ukraine .

The paper considers a possibility of using the topographical approach in the bureaucracy studies . The features of creation and functioning of rural bureaucracy in the Soviet Russia, its structure, social-professional characteristics, mechanisms of recruitment are analyzed . The rural bureaucracy appeared in the middle of the XIX century and realized a wider range of models of supremacy among which the patriarchal-democratic and Asian models were dominant .

The paper is written in order to implement the program of studying the question of sustainable preservation of information traditions in Paleolithic cultures of Eurasia . It concludes the review of model sources from the European part of the continent and deals with an object of art found in the North-West (Denmark, Hjorring settlement; Maglemosian culture) .

The paper deals with research at Paleolithic sites in the Seaside Dagestan . Using vast empirical material gained during archeological excavations, the author reconstructs main stages of development of material culture in the territory of the Seaside Dagestan during the Pleistocene, from the early settlement of the Caucasus (1,8-2 million years ago) to the Upper Paleolithic complexes connected with modern humans . The Early Paleolithic complexes from Rubas-1 and Darvagchai-1 sites allow us to consider the territory of Caucasus as one of the development centers of pre-Acheulian micro-industries .

In the course of stationary research of the Tolbor-15 multilayer site in 2009-2011 (Selenga River basin, Northern Mongolia) the early signs of micro blade techniques were revealed in Paleolithic horizons, while in the upper horizons dating back to the early Holocene fragments of neolithic ceramics were discovered . The paper considers circumstances and context of these archaeological finds; for the first time determines the age of these ceramics with radiocarbon dating method .

The initial settlement of Central America dates back to the so-called Paleoindian period in the late Pleistocene . According to the scientific research, the earliest findings date back to approximately 11 thousand years ago . The present article for the first time in Russian historiography reviews archeological sites from the Pre-Ceramic period and characterizes problems connected with early settlement of Central America .

The paper deals with history of investigation of the Shuidonggou Paleolithic site, its cultural and chronological context, geochronology, stratigraphy, scientific interpretations of the stone tools . The paper is based on research done by Russian and foreign scholars whose works were published in Russian, English and Chinese . The author analyzes the earliest publications along with the recent data obtained by the Chinese archeologist .

This article covers results of research on the Paleolithic sites of North-Western Tien Shan conducted from the middle of the XX century to the present . The main attention is paid to the most recent research results (since 1998) . Complex study of basic objects of this region (Obi-Rakhmat grotto and Kulbulak site) has helped to reconsider settled views on evolution of material culture during local Middle and Upper Paleolith . Obi-Rakhmat variant of transition and Kulbulak Upper Paleolithic culture have been identified, which determined direction and dynamics of technological development during the period under consideration .

Contacts between the people of Eastern and Central Asia have had an impact on the formation of cultures in these regions since Ancient times . The events related with the initial stage of human exploration of the territories, and especially the subsequent development within the early Stone Age cultures can only be understood as complex decision problems, involving data of geology, paleontology and archeology

The article considers heads of the Yeniseysk governorate’s administrative bodies that existed for a short period of history and stood high among other local authorities . Based on the newly introduced documents and archival materials the author analyzes social structure of managerial staff of the Yeniseysk administration’s supervisory board, excise office, directorate of state property, prison and medical inspectors, indispensible members of peasant committees . The employees were stratified according to such criteria as social origin, religion, age, property and marital status, education, public service period etc .

In the article, which is based on N. Luhmann’s approach, the factors are studied of formation of the communication space of the education system. The communication space is considered as a complete and systemic formation, which is manifested in the dynamic process as the connection of states and has external and internal resources of its own development. To study the internal structure of this social phenomenon, there are used the structural and functional analysis and the activity approach, which is applied to exploring the social phenomena. According to the results of a pilot survey on the basis of a methodology due to N. Zbigniew and J. Podguretsky, there have been obtained evidence of a correlation between the type of family, educational level of parents, the presence of brothers and sisters in the family and the level of development of communication skills of students, which are determined on the basis of testing the following personality characteristics: ease in establishing contacts, empathy, resistance to external stimuli, the ability to transform (flexibility in communication), sensitivity to evaluation of the external characteristics of the interlocutor and the own ones, self-centeredness, openness, simplicity of communication. All these are reflected in an interval-type variable that determines the level of development of communication skills of the individual and the quality of the communication activity in general. There has been also revealed the interrelation between the level of development of communication skills of the students and their professional choice. The study has concluded that the identified relationships can serve as a basis for adjusting the methods of teaching students on the basis of a detailed analysis of the factors, which conditioned their education and upbringing prior to entering the university.

The article contains a comparative analysis of the Western and Eastern paradigms of person’s education. The authors consider them to be equivalent and complementary ones. Taken together, they reflect the essence of education and self-education more properly. The West-European educational paradigm is primarily based on Christian traditions and rational science. Within this paradigm the human being, exploring and self-forming subject, is opposed to the object of his/her exploration, e.g. the teacher is opposed to his/her pupils. The East-Asian philosophical theories do not distinguish the human being from the whole system of world formation. According to these East-Asian theories, human education is a gradual attaining of enlightenment of his/her consciousness and feelings in the unity of the whole world. In order to reach this goal, specific methods, different from the ones in Europe, were created in Asia, e.g. koans, meditation, etc. Therefore, a synthesis of the West-European and East-Asian educational paradigms has a higher potential for human self-development rather than each of the systems separately.

Globalization is a multifactorial process in the modern world, which is characterized by transformation of all the social relations, including in the field of education. In recent years, the process of globalization has been actively studied by the scientists from the West and the East. It is suggested that there is taking place the rapprochement of the Eastern and Western educational systems, a paradigm shift, when the technocratic principle of training is replaced by the humanitarian one. With the globally increasing Westernization, both the East and the West should try to preserve their distinctive national education systems without rejecting the idea of borrowing the foreign experience. But this experience should be used not in an eclectic manner, but it should be organically included in the context of education.

The article proposes to solve some of the problems of global education and linguistic and cultural convergence of the East and West by means of using the oikumenic theory of nation, the concepts of “ethnosizm”, “ethnolinguapanizm”, the creation of a system of averaged languages for the groups of related languages and an averaged world language and a global united system of written language.

Overcoming the educational crisis requires stepping outside the educational institution itself, thus providing the ground for reflection over it, analysis and consideration of its problems and horizons in a broad sociocultural context. The paper analyzes methodological functions of the philosophy of education in the conditions of globalization.

We study the interaction of education and the quality of life, analyze the challenges facing modern education as one of the mechanisms to ensure a decent life quality. It is proved that in the contemporary socio-cultural situation of the Russian society only a culture-centeredness of education in general and of social education in particular is a condition of formation of a socially active individual, as well as the basis of fundamentalization and technologization of training for all the sectors of the society, ensuring social and family well-being.

This article discusses the features of the modern multicultural social world in their relation to the philosophy of education. It is emphasized that the problem of development of multicultural education is not only the Russian one. The creation of a culture of inter-ethnic communication as a form of community development is possible through the system of language education.

In the article the author considers the problem of disappearance of literature as an essential component of the modern philosophy of education. The author shows that Russian literature performs the most important function for the formation of the human in the human being as a supernatural being. In the work it is argued that the main objective of educational policy is to resurrect the cult of reading and to comprehend the fact that Russian literature has a direct relationship to the foundations of national life. The author turns to a number of philosophical views, and claims that the disappearance of literature makes the philosophy and humanitarian knowledge barren and meaningless.

The paper aims to illustrate the key elements of transformation of higher education since the Second World War from the point of view of the mode-2 science (M. Gibbons). The mass character of higher education leads to diminishing of natural monopoly of the university in providing educational services and in being the only organizational structure for the development and transition of knowledge. Within the neoliberal concept of science this may be interpreted as the redistribution of public goods (like higher education) in the corresponding field of public sphere.

The article discusses the concept of globalization and its impact on the Russian society, as well as on the interaction of social institutions, education and law. In the study the author concludes that globalization as an objective process has a significant impact on the Russian society, including the process of interaction between education and law. This influence has both positives sides – the creation of the common informational space, the development of cross-cultural dialogue, and the negative ones – reduction of the fundamental component of the national education, the loss of national identity.

The paper presents a complex analysis of the content of the new law on education in Russia, taking into account the existing trends in legal regulation of educational relations. The author substantiates the idea of a significant impact of the norms of the law on functioning of the Russian system of education, pointing to the uncertainty of its prospects in light of the innovations proposed by the law.

In the condition of formation of the knowledge society and penetration of high technologies and innovations into all spheres of life, the education system is being seriously changed. Despite the protracted and deep reforms, it does not have time to react adequately to the requirements of rapidly growing society. The reason for the collapse of the reforms is the organizational factors, which arise as a response to many changes and prevent the rapid adoption of sound reasonable management decisions, which leads to a change of axiological systems and reduce the quality of education.

The author analyzes the content and contribution of the Russian scientific schools to the development of philosophy of management education. In the article the national features of management education in the end of XIX – beginning of XX centuries are investigated, the interrelation of scientific foundations of management with the progress of industrial soviet society is shown; the necessity of preparation for the activity in the new economic conditions of the heads of the industry branch organizations is proved.

The authors consider the peculiarities of educational services for students and marketing mechanisms of their promotion. The specificity is analyzed of marketing relations and marketing of integrated communications in the educational space. Considering the stage of promotion of educational services, the researchers single out the Internet as the most effective channel for promoting information about the higher education institution. It is also emphasized that the Web-site of the University is evaluated as the main channel of interaction not only with a consumer, but also with a provider of educational services. The analysis of the site materials has allowed revealing a contradiction between the higher education institution’s understanding of the need to address information (each University has a page for applicants) and a lack of effective use of this electronic resource. The work investigates the pros and cons of electronic communications between the universities and the applicants through the office of a special address page of the corporate web sites of a number of higher educational institutions of Novosibirsk. The aim of the article is to reveal the most effective technologies of Internet marketing for applicants and exchange experience between the structures, supervising the pre-higher education.

Dear readers, the name of the Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, the Head of the “Philosophy of Education” Laboratory of the Institute of Theory of Education and Pedagogy of the Russian Academy of Education, the President of the Academy of Creative Pedagogy, the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Russian schools, Academician and a member of the Presidium of the Academy of Social and Psychological Sciences YakovSemenovichTurbovskoi has long been known to the scientific-educational community in Russia and abroad. We know and deeply appreciate his many remarkable works on pedagogy, philosophy, education, and psychology such as “Tradition and Modernity” (textbook, 2006), “Russian language: between hostility and love” (monograph, 2010), the articles “Multicultural upbringing in the United States and Canada” (2002), “Spirituality as an object of methodological consideration” (2009) and many, many others. Today, we continue to publish (see the first part in the previous issue of the journal – № 2 (47), 2013) a new scientific paper by YakovSemenovich called “Pedagogical axiomatics as a fundamental demand of time”. The article presents a system of “Pedagogical axiomatic”as an initial basis for the development of the modern domestic education in the context of globalization. The axiomatic immutability is indicated of the pedagogical principle of nature-conformity as well as of the principles of adaptation and continuity. The recognition of the need for the purposeful usage of pedagogical axiomatics should ensure the quality and efficiency of the formation of the competitive person, and promote the transformation of the national education into an actor of national security. The editors thank Ya. S. Turbovskoj for the possibility to publish this scientific work, which raises critical issues of educational theory and practice; and invite readers to continue the discussion of the presented topical educational issues of pedagogical axiomatics.

The author believes that the issue of information security in modern information society is being transformed into the issue of preserving personality. The article shows that the issue of preserving personality turns out to be multilayer and polyphonic and the conditions which block the process of forming and translating the system of spiritual and cultural values, basic for personality formation, to the future generations have turned out to be very significant. The author analyzes the main functional channels of the information society which can transmit an active destructive influence on personality. The conclusion is made that a really effective system of preserving personality in the information space requires a new type of world perception which would not destroy either spiritual or physical personality basis. Alongside with the education system it is necessary to develop new channels of translating spiritual and cultural values which can answer the demands of postindustrial society.

In the article it is substantiated that the Russian education should develop within the Russian “Lad” model of the world, which presupposes preparation of people for the realization of perfect relations. The educational process within this model includes unity of all social norms, as well as the unity of training and upbringing. We prove that training and upbringing act as inseparable relations, which are being perfected within the system of other social relations and acquiring perfection in each other. It is shown that Russian education must be adequate to the historical epoch and meet its requirements.

The article analyzes the problem of anthropological approach to the theory and practice of modern education. The definition of the category of «anthropological approach» is given, there are examined the levels of interpretation of the anthropological approach: the conceptual-theoretical and the procedural-activity ones. There is presented a classification of the principles and rationale of the anthropological approach in the contemporary pedagogical knowledge.

Starting from the idea of complementarity, the article substantiates the nature, special dialectic character and large capacity of pedagogical thinking, its conceptuality, reflexive character, its objective-ethical and subjective importance for the developing education of the person of reason and morality. A general concept of thinking in the process of subject studying is presented. This concept reflects the role and functions of comprehension at the stage of notion formation. The article also presents the pedagogical thinking model in the context of the complementarity conception. Hence, some theses on dialectic logic and ethics are elaborated.

The article discusses the concept of the loser complex as a factor contributing to the development of addictive behavior in the higher education students. We distinguish the signs which can help identifying the loser complex in the students as well as finding the methods of its correction.

The author analyzes the philosophical connection between knowledge and faith and the ability of the latter to assist the cognitive activity of youth at the present stage of development of mankind. In the article the philosophical problem of the influence of faith on upbringing of spirituality of youth is investigated, because it is exactly due to the spiritual reason of young experts the mistakes of reason and unbelief on a difficult path of the scientific, technical and cultural progress can be corrected. It is proven that a high level of faith in the consciousness of the young person foster the development of humane reason which enables to open up adequately to people, to aspire to realization of ideas of humanism in one’s life, i. e. to become a person and a needed expert in the present and future societies.

The article deals with one of the main problems of contemporary globalization in the scientific sphere. The author offers an alternative way of its solving in higher education, namely, wide implementation of an info-linguistic system of development of intellectual and creative abilities.

In the conditions of globalization the problem of mutual influences of the integration processes in the society and education is becoming more topical. In the article the action of the feedback mechanism in the «education – person – society» triangle is described. The notion of «ochloculture» is explained as a collection of the most extreme forms of the mass culture. As a way of risk minimization, a strategy of “understanding education” is proposed.

The aim of the article is to analyze the choice of profession of the school graduates. The importance of personal actualization in terms of occupational choice has been highlighted. The author examines some occupational choice positions but it depends on real-life situation and personal meaning. Graduates’ attitude to teaching will change if they find the meaning in the profession. It has been found that occupational selection refers to the personal life choices. The author has investigated criteria of choice and main choice characteristics such as reasoning, independency, sense-feeling, and decision satisfaction.

In the paper, there is analyzed the influence of globalization and informatization on the hydrometeorological education. It is shown that the growth of educational resources in the Internet is an objective process, of which it is impossible to stand aside. Multimedia content of the teaching material assists to increasing the comprehensibility of the material, and the use of foreign authors’ material helps improving the professional foreign language. Strong physical and mathematical basic education and taking into account the regional features of the studied geospheres remains a distinctive feature of the Russian hydrometeorological education.

The article suggests rethinking the role and place of the teacher in modern education. In our case the teacher is understood in a broad sense, assuming the form of a “teacher system”, representing not a simple collection of features and characteristics but a complete dynamic formation. The presence of the highly professional, competent and mobile teacher turns him/her into a constant of education of the XXI century, and upbringing is one of his/her tasks of paramount priority. Among the teacher’s tasks is not only the transfer of the past knowledge, but the formation of the young generation’s ability of innovative thinking, of being mobile, spiritually rich and well-mannered. The teacher becomes an important technological and pedagogical link between science and education, theory and practice, past, present and future. Its activity is multifunctional, and he/she acts as a pedagogue and researcher, creator and developer, manager and designer of educational process, a moderator between the students and the information sources. In modern education he/she becomes a researcher who constantly has to make scientific discoveries and implement them. Society which manages to create such a perfect «TEACHER» system will become the leader of the XXI century and will define the mankind’s future.

The author considers the problems, which have arisen due to collision of various theories of urban development corresponding to the metaphysical and dialectical science projects, as well as their political, economic and social preconditions and consequences.