The paper presents a brief review of spatial economy models known since the beginning of the XX century with special focus on the models offered by Prof. Granberg and further applied by the IEIE SB RAS for more than 40 years. Here we show what is supposed to be modified in these models for the application within this research project, i.e. the project approach, database management, geo-information systems, agent-oriented modeling, and super-calculations.
The paper analyzes problems of the spatial economy modeling and approaches to their solving; to what degree an economic space is conceptualized; advantages and disadvantages of major classes of spatial models; and experts' assessments of prospects of spatial modeling. Conceptualization of the economic space is proved to be far from its completion, and still the economic space modeling could be regarded as an unresolved intellectual problem since the researchers' efforts to determine spatial development endogenously have faced the difficulties concerning analytical solutions and micro-data required for models. Researches of different schools agree on prospects of spatial modeling -they are the application of more micro- and geocoded data for the purposes of a direct inclusion of time factors and combination of the models developed for different sectors of spatial economy (in particular, agent-oriented models) into the integrated models to allow overcoming limits of constituted models.
The paper brings into focus the North - South divide (the Global North and Global South) to use it as a methodological tool to analyze an identity of the Russian civilization. Being sure that Russian identity may not be regarded as the Global North and Global West, the authors prove the Northern identity of Russia. To admit this fact is important for identifying the future development trends of the Russian domestic and foreign policies.
The paper offers the methodical tools for building a set of complex indicators of regional efficiency which reflect the resource, processing, and resulting components of major subsystems of a regional socio-economic system. We present our multidimensional assessment of the spatial heterogeneity observed for the Russian regions in 2000-2010 in the terms of the parameters of regional efficiency, and also a comparative analysis of spatial differentiation. Having analyzed the data concerning the resource-oriented regions in the Russian Arctic, we can state that high values of an economic component in their regional efficiency do not adequately reflect the actual socio-economic results.
The paper analyses how some experts assess the Russian economy considered as a resource economy, and how institutions of a resource economy influence the unequal efficiency of regional innovation processes. We show what the administrations of the RF subjects could do both for localization of development effects in the resource sector and attraction of investments from the stock market in the context of «a manually managed economy», and what key tools they have to apply to perform a direct control and carry out negotiations.
The paper presents a case study on budget analysis for regions included in the Siberian Federal District, and how public finances regulation influences their regional economies and budgets. We can state that intergovernmental regulation negatively impacts on the situation in several regions, and effectiveness of the current policies in relation to regional public finances is open to serious question. To solve many such problems, we would like to propose some other approaches to building intergovernmental fiscal regulation. For example, according to our calculations made on actual data, a value-added tax replaced by a sales tax would be more effective since such approach, instead of the ongoing practice to correct mechanisms of intergovernmental fiscal regulation, would allow higher regional revenues and more incentives to have revenues high.
The paper analyzes the approaches which could allow identifying, comparing and explaining a correspondence (or discrepancy) between the declared priorities of the socio-economic policies carried out by regional or municipal authorities (for example, strategic plans) and actual one (for example, those reflecting how public funds are handled). We tested such approaches for several city districts of the North-West areas of Russia through decomposing the project documents and using tools of budget analysis to show that representation and comparison of such declared and actual priorities in a formal manner is principally realizable.
The paper describes what place «a self-developed socio-economic system» occupies among the nearest equivalent economic terms. We propose our criteria to identify a self-developed region such as an advanced GRP growth and fiscal self-provision. Our calculations for all subjects of the Russian Federation made on the base of the approach proposed allow, identifying four types of economic development according to such criteria. We also describe the differences between the federal districts and present a classification of the self-developed regions according by types of economic development.
The paper analyzes the theoretical issues of an institutional rent by presenting a case study for the Russian oil-and-gas sector and how this sector influences the economy under different conditions of the world market. The calculations are made by applying the dynamic optimization models for money flows in the national economy. We assess how hydrocarbon prices of the world market influence the GDP dynamics, consolidated budget, and direct investments, and what minimal level of the oil prices should be to ensure a minimal effective level of the economic development. Our calculations show that there are resources to diversify the federal fiscal revenue but very few effective projects to realize this.
Having analyzed the course, problems, and prospects of the development in the Siberian transportation sector which we consider as one of the most important factor of the successful implementation of the Siberian Socio-Economic Development Strategy up to 2020, we can conclude that the infrastructure failed to meet the current requirements and prospects of future development of the region and country. Our proposals are to speed up the implementation of the infra-structural projects and change the approaches to their management and financing. We also present our assessment of the volumes of investments required for modernization of the Siberian Federal District infrastructure.
The paper considers methodological aspects of diagnosing the regional innovation development and illustrates such aspects by the results obtained by the factor, regression and cluster analysis of the innovation development indicators. This allowed identifying the innovation profiles of Russia and the Siberian Federal District in 2007 and 2010. We show how the sets of factors and indicators which statistically explain the innovation development in the country and Siberia in different years differ from each other. By a cluster analysis we identify three groups of the Siberian regions which have similar innovation profiles, and we also build the GRP regressions on innovation indicators for the SFD regions.
This article focuses on the regional social inequalities observed in Russia. The objects of our analysis are the regions of the Siberian Federal District and Russian Federation in whole. We use the human development indicators as criteria of regional social differences. We can conclude that, despite positive trends observed, Siberia could not get out of the accustomed grooves of being a deprived region, and this fact does influence the current public opinion and migratory orientations of the Siberians.
Reproductive health is considered as an important part of the population health and a quantitative characteristic of reproduction of the population. To assess a current state of the reproductive health in the present social and sanitary environment of the Siberian Federal District, we use such indicators as the female sickness rates among women in their gestation period and those whose sickness were caused by a pre-pregnancy disease; number of abortions; maternal, perinatal, and infant mortality; and infertility. We also analyze the features of reproductive health related to the life styles of women who consume alcohol, drugs, and tobacco. Major risks of reproductive health are venereal infections, cancer of reproductive organs, and abortions.
The paper analyzes the problems of the petroleum refining and petrochemistry sectors in Russia and Siberia, prospects of using modern technologies and processes in the deep processing of hydrocarbon resources, development of the engineering infrastructure, interaction between science and business, and technological safety in Russia.
B.G. Saneyev
Keywords: Eastern Siberia, Far East, eastern energy policy, fuel and energy industry, international cooperation, energy cooperation, mechanisms of implementation of the energy strategy
The paper analyzes what specific features of the Russian development in new economic environment caused a necessity to revise energy priorities. We describe the initial conditions, targets, and strategic development priorities of the fuel and energy industry in the East of the country. We present our proposals on the conditions and initiatives required for successful implementation of the East Russia Energy Strategy and a list of priorities of the cooperation between Russia and the Northeast Asian countries.
A.B. Kogan
Keywords: large investment project, local efficiency, global efficiency, speed index of value growth, investments, optimization intersectoral interregional model
The paper presents the calculations of the local and global efficiencies of a large investment project; a technique for identifying conflicts which could arise between an investor and society; and a growth of national final consumption obtained by implementation of such project. To make our calculations, we apply an optimization intersectoral interregional model, and an approach to selecting the best project based on comparison of local and global alternatives to find the Pareto-optimal solutions. The assessment of efficiency is made by a speed index of value growth developed by the author.
The paper analyzes how the by-pass ring road in St. Petersburg impacts on the development of the suburb industries and infrastructure located at the intersections of town mains and this ring road. We present our classification of the territories under study by growth rates and factors of uneven development of St. Petersburg suburbs adjacent to the ring road. We can state that the closer to the city any exit from the ring road, the higher the growth rates in adjacent suburbs are observed.
The paper assesses the ecological situation in the Baikal region and how it affects the people health. We propose a technique for assessing the damage to health; application of tax tools to compensate damages; and a new technique for calculation of individual income taxes reflecting the level of pollution of territories where people reside.
The paper analyzes a current state of the social infrastructure in rural areas of the Vologda Oblast applying an integrated index of the social structure development offered by the authors. We show that the social infrastructure includes not only material object, but also a wide set of services and programs aimed at the human and regional development. We test an approach to assessing the social structure development by applying a set of statistical indicators which reflect the state of major economic sectors and infrastructure for municipalities of the Vologda Oblast.
The paper analyzes key organizational competences, describes difficulties which any enterprise may face in identifying such competences and control over them. The paper offers a methodical approach to identifying such competences and tests it on the base of a case study for the instrument engineering facility.
The paper describes major sectors and projects of the Russia and China cooperation and shows that adjustment of mutual interests could be regarded as a key factor of a continuous commercial cooperation between regions of Russia and China. The volume of trade between the Heilongjiang Province and Russian neighbouring regions amounts to 49% of a total volume of foreign trade of China provinces. The paper also describes the risks of the implementation projects on cooperation between regions of the North-East of China and Far-East of Russia, and prospects of Russia-China regional cooperation.
S. V. Soboleva, N. E. Smirnova, O. V. Chudaeva
Keywords: depopulation, net migration, forced migrants, labour migration, ethnic composition, Kazakhstan border areas, East-Siberian border areas, demographic policy, program of compatriots attraction
Subsection: SOCIETY AND ECONOMY: PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT
The article considers the peculiarities of migration processes in the 90-s ' years of the last century and labour migration from the neighboring states of Kazakhstan and East-Siberian border areas after the year of 2000. It is shown, that at the present time the regions of Kazakhstan border areas are different from the regions of the East-Siberian border areas by higher net migration with foreign countries. Special emphasis is given to the consideration of the consequences of migration, its influence on the ethnic composition of population.
S.A. Filatov, N.G. Sukhorukova
Keywords: knowledge, information, economic benefit, knowledge-based economy, resource, production factor, human capital, technology, economic growth
Subsection: SOCIETY AND ECONOMY: PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT
The article reveals the socioeconomic content of the «knowledge» category; forms of knowledge display at various stages of social reproduction process are examined. The following summary conclusion is drawn: knowledge in modern economic system is a key factor of a sustained growth since it is a strategic economic resource which is revealed in qualitative and quantitative parameters of production factors and materialized in the originating social product.
V.F. Badyukov, N.Yu. Vorobieva
Keywords: investment risk, electrical grid investment project, classification of investment risks, identification of investment risks
Subsection: SOCIETY AND ECONOMY: PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT
The paper presents the identification and classification of risks in electrical grid investment projects (EGIP) for each stage of EGIP realization. Life cycle of EGIP realization consists of four stages – concept and development, realization, completion and operation. Classification of EGIP risks is also presented with a breakdown of types of such projects. The article analyzes and groups common and specific risks for nationwide EGIP, socially oriented EGIP, infrastructural EGIP, technological EGIP and R&D electrical grid investment projects.
The article presents the typology of feminineness in terms of gender sociology. The author analyzes types of feminineness in two aspects: power/submission and consumption. Normative, inversive, androgynous, infantile, deformed types of feminineness are presented in terms of power/consumption in theoretical and empiric layout. Restrictive, natural, prestigious and imitation types are presented in terms of consumption. The typology is presented in author’s interpretation.
An algorithm for statistical simulation of random-structure systems with distributed transitions has been constructed. The proposed algorithm is based on numerical methods for solving stochastic differential equations, and uses a modified maximum cross-section method when the transition intensity depends on the vector of state.
For solving inverse gravimetry problems, efficient stable parallel algorithms based on iterative gradient methods are proposed. For solving systems of linear algebraic equations with block-tridiagonal matrices arising in geoelectrics problems, a parallel matrix sweep algorithm, a square root method, and a conjugate gradient method with preconditioner are proposed. The algorithms are implemented numerically on the MVS-IMM parallel computing system, NVIDIA graphics processors, and the Intel multi-core CPU with the use of new computing technologies. The parallel algorithms are incorporated into a developed system of remote computations «Specialized Web-Portal for Solving Geophysical Problems on Multiprocessor Computers». Problems with «quasi-model» and real data are solved.
A.Sh. Akysh
Keywords: splitting method, convergence of the splitting method scheme, nonlinear Boltzmann equation, global solvability of the nonlinear Boltzmann equation in time, existence and uniqueness of a solution to the Boltzmann equation, a priori estimates
The question of convergence of the splitting method scheme for the nonlinear Boltzmann equation is considered. On the basis of the splitting method scheme, boundedness of positive solutions in the space of continuous functions is obtained. By means of the solution boundedness and found a priori estimates, convergence of the splitting method scheme and uniqueness of the limiting element are proved. The found limiting element satisfies the equivalent integral Boltzmann equation. Thereby global solvability of the nonlinear Boltzmann equation in time is shown.
The problem of transferring a linear system to a state of dynamic balance under simultaneous action of an unknown disturbance and time-optimal control is considered. Optimal control is calculated along the phase trajectory, and it is periodically updated for discrete phase coordinate values. It is proved that the phase trajectory comes to the dynamic equilibrium point and makes undamped periodic motions (a stable limit cycle). The location of the dynamic equilibrium point and the limit cycle form are considered as functions of different parameters. With the disturbance calculated in the process of control, the accuracy of transferring to the required final state increases. A method for estimating attainable accuracy is presented. Results of simulation and numerical calculations are given.
A method for analyzing AFM images of the cell nuclei of higher organisms by expanding these images by Zernike moments is proposed. This method allows for expanding the pilot image by Zernike moments whose spatial harmonics are Zernike polynomials. It is shown that the reverse procedure of image reconstruction using Zernike polynomials converges to the experimental image and the expansion amplitude is a quantitative spectral characteristic when comparing the morphological features of different images. It is shown that expansion amplitudes can be used as input vectors for cluster analysis of images by PCA.
A.M. Matsokin
Keywords: Dirichlet boundary value problem for the Poisson equation, finite element method with piecewise-linear functions, condensed grid (topologically equivalent to a rectangular grid), preconditioner
In this paper, it is proved that a Laplace grid operator approximating a Dirichlet boundary value problem for the Poisson equation by the finite element method with piecewise-linear functions on an evenly condensed grid that is topologically equivalent to a rectangular grid (i.e. obtained by shifting the rectangular grid nodes) is equivalent, in the range, to the operator of a 5-point difference scheme on a uniform grid.
In this paper, a mathematical model describing substance transport in a circular cell ensemble is considered. The model is represented by an autonomous system of equations. With a model of continuation with respect to a parameter, it is shown that stationary solutions may have different symmetry representing closed curves. Periodic solutions have the same property, whereas the component plots repeat each other by a simple shift.
T. Hou
Keywords: elliptic equations, optimal control problems, superconvergence, a posteriori error estimates, mixed finite element methods, postprocessing
In this paper, we investigate the superconvergence property and a posteriori error estimates of mixed finite element methods for a linear elliptic control problem with an integral constraint. The state and co-state are approximated by order k=1 Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element spaces, and the control variable is approximated by piecewise constant functions. Approximations of the optimal control of the continuous optimal control problem will be constructed by a projection of the discrete adjoint state. It is proved that these approximations have convergence order h2. Moreover, we derive a posteriori error estimates both for the control variable and the state variables. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the theoretical results.
M. Yu. Zenkov
Novosibirsk
Keywords: public (civil) service, the competition to replace a vacant position, equal access to public service, management of public service
Subsection: CONCRETE PROBLEMS OF MODERN DOMESTIC EDUCATION
The author analyzes the special features of the organization and legal regulation of the public service appointments in modern Russia. In the article some elements of the form of the competition are characterized, its advantages and shortcomings are revealed; some proposals for the improvement of the legal bases of the competition organization are substantiated.
I. V. Ivanov
Novosibirsk
Keywords: globalization, consciousness, philosophy, education, education
Subsection: CONCRETE PROBLEMS OF MODERN DOMESTIC EDUCATION
The process of globalization creates a new culture, significantly alter public opinion and outlook, which suggests major revision of social guidelines for building a robust paradigm of socio-economic development and to this end revaluation trends education of modern man.
D. S. Novikov
Volgograd
Keywords: upbringing, health-creative culture, modernization of Russia, post-industrial society
Subsection: CONCRETE PROBLEMS OF MODERN DOMESTIC EDUCATION
Author investigates the role of health-creative culture in shaping the subject of post-industrial development of Russia in the context of globalization of the world community The authors believe that health-creative education can become an important tool for training new personnel for post-industrial society. Argued, that the value system of “homo creator” high place should be taken by the value of physical, mental and moral health. In the case of mastering the culture health-creative individual, on the one hand, it will become a serious biological reserve for its own universal education, constant self-education and retraining. But on the other, he will be able to “construction” of his personality on the basis of the ideal of kalokagatiya.
M. A. Subotyalov, V. Yu. Druzhinin
Novosibirsk
Keywords: history of medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, medical sources, Sanskrit, medical education
Subsection: CONCRETE PROBLEMS OF MODERN DOMESTIC EDUCATION
This article is devoted to study of literary heritage of Ayurvedic medical tradition. The aim of this article is analyze of authentic Sanskrit texts of important medical sources of Caraka-samhita, Sushruta-samhita and Ashtahga Hridaya Samhita. The significance of texts in Ayurvedic medicine and professional physician’s education is described. In this paper review of text’s content, history and modern translations is stated. Authors describe the structure of sources and their matter into details. The influence of three basic Ayurvedic sources (Caraka-samhita, Sushruta-samhita and Ashtahga Hridaya Samhita) on medical knowledge of other countries is examined.
M. Yu. Verkutis
Novosibirsk
Keywords: educational reform, philosophical anthropology, educational process, concept of man
Subsection: CONCRETE PROBLEMS OF MODERN DOMESTIC EDUCATION
The reforms in the educational system, in addition to the pragmatic goals, also depend on how the subject of education is understood. A wrong concept of man behind the social engineering can make the project collapse. It is no coincidence that the classic educational projects arose on the basis of certain philosophical anthropology. The article discusses one of the projects proposed by the great German philosopher J. G. Fichte. It is concluded that modern education reforms, while being implemented, have to take into account the “human factor” and proceed from a certain understanding of human being that should not be shallow.
