Home – Home – Jornals – Humanitarian sciences in Siberia 2013 number

The paper deals with basic theoretical and methodological approaches as well as concepts of Siberian history offered by Western scholars in the XX century (“Russian eastward expansion”, “colonization”, “modernization”, theories of “heartland” and “frontier”). The author comes to conclusion that in Western scholarship there has been no dominating methodological precepts or common patterns of Siberian history shared by all researches. Certain contradictions in the Siberian historiography were resolved on a basis of thorough analysis of sources which allowed achieving a qualitatively new level in Siberian studies.

The article presents a comparative analysis of colonization of Siberian area north of 60 є N. and parts of western Canada located north of 50 є N in the XVII and early XVIII centuries. The author compares general and specific characteristics of these processes and makes the assumption that they were interconnected.

The article analyzes data from the “Bulletin” prepared in 1739 by the Mangazeya uyezd administrative office (chancery) and based on the 1739 Questionnaire of Academician G.F. Mьller. The study is focused on the issues of number, social structure, displacement of population (both service men and tax-paying population), number and ethnical structure of indigenous population, as well as specifics of the local authorities’ yasak policy.

The article focuses on epistolary heritage characteristics of one of the most famous Decembrists. Nowadays many of I.D. Yakushkin’s letters are kept in the Russian archives. For many years historians have been actively publishing his correspondence. Along with general classifying and organizing I.D. Yakushkin’s letter-heritage the author characterizes the Decembrist’s personality and mentality, his psychological type, which contributes a lot to the reconstruction of general history of the Decembrist movement where I.D.Yakushkin was one of the key and typological figures.

The article is written on the newly introduced historical sources – manuscript collection of the Larionov merchant family. It characterizes activities of the Krasnoyarsk merchants in the Irkutsk market in the first decades of the XIX century. The list of expenses written by Peter F. Larionov in 1808 is published.

The paper considers an issue of conscripts’ delivery to the troops deployed in Siberia and Far East in the 1880s- early 1900s. The historical period under consideration is marked by a substantial increase of the Russian armed forces’ manpower in the Far East including the Kwantung peninsula leased to Russia by China. It was Russia’s response to the challenge of other Asian and European powers’ growing presence in the region. Siberia’s vast territories and underdeveloped transport infrastructure significantly hampered the army’s personnel replacement and conscripts delivery to the military districts of Siberia and Far East. The author evaluates how these problems were solved and finds out whether these solutions were effective.

This paper gives a review of studies of flow stability for viscous heat-conducting fluids.

A new model is developed for describing long-wave perturbations in a falling film of a viscous liquid. The model is based on an integral approach and an expansion of the velocity profile into a series in linearly independent basis functions of a boundary-value problem. A linear analysis of film flow stability is performed, and dispersion dependences are obtained. Results predicted by the new model are demonstrated to be in good agreement with available experimental data on the film flow over a gently sloping surface.

Results of modeling the interaction of a plane supersonic jet with a supersonic turbulent high-enthalpy flow in a channel are reported. The problem is solved in a two-dimensional formulation at external flow Mach numbers M_∞ = 2.6 and 2.8 and at high values of the total temperature of the flow T₀ = 1800 ÷ 2000 K. The mathematical model includes full averaged Navier–Stokes equations supplemented with a two-equation turbulence model and an equation that describes the transportation of the injected substance. The computations are performed by using the ANSYS Fluent 12.1 software package. Verification of the computational technique is performed against available experimental results on transverse injection of nitrogen and helium jets. The computed and experimental results are demonstrated to agree well. For the examined problems, in addition to surface distributions of characteristics, fields of flow parameters are obtained, which allow one to reproduce specific features that can be hardly captured in experiments. Parametric studies show that an increase in the angle of inclination and the mass flow rate of the jet leads to an increase in the depth of jet penetration into the flow, but more intense separated flows and shock waves are observed in this case.

This paper considers the problem of a non-axisymmetric swirling jet of an incompressible viscous fluid flowing in a space flooded with the same fluid. The far field of the jet is studied under the assumption that the angular momentum vector corresponding to the swirling of the jet is not collinear to the momentum vector of the jet. It is shown that the main terms of the asymptotic expansion of the full solution for the velocity field are determined by the exact integrals of conservation of momentum, mass, and angular momentum. An analytical solution of the problem describing the axisymmetric swirling jet is obtained.

The nonlinear dynamics of the interface between dielectric fluids in a strong horizontal electric field is studied. It is shown that three-dimensional waves of small but finite amplitude can propagate without shape distortions either in a direction coinciding with the direction of the external field vector or in the direction opposite to this vector, along the interface of the fluids, whose density ratio is directly proportional to the ratio of their dielectric constants. For this particular case, an analytical description of the interaction of counterpropagating weakly nonlinear waves of arbitrary shape is given.

The boundary-value problem of the vortex flow of a viscous incompressible liquid in a rotating cavity having the shape of a circular cylinder in which elastic radial ribs (plates) are embedded as intense vortex sources is formulated and solved using numerical methods. The solution results are used to calculate the drag coefficient of the ribs.

A turbulent flow of a suspension of solid particles in a gas is considered. The suspension is located in a channel with permeable walls (the pressure at the left end face of the channel follows a sinusoidal law). The flow considered here reflects the principal features of the flow in the combustion chamber of a solid-propellant rocket motor. The unsteady flow of the gas suspension is described by using the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. A stochastic variant of the discrete-trajectory approach is used for modeling the particle motion. The influence of the condensed phase on the turbulence characteristics and acoustic oscillations of the parameters of the working medium in the channel in the case of injection is discussed. The calculated results are compared with data obtained in a physical experiment.

The problem of motion of a pulsating solid (an infinitely long circular cylinder) in an oscillating viscous liquid in the presence (or absence) of an external stationary force is considered. The perturbation method is applied. It is found that the solution of the time-average motion of a body exists if and only if body pulsations, liquid vibrations, and external forces satisfy a certain relation. The presence of a plane analog of the phenomenon of predominantly unidirectional motion of a compressible solid in an oscillating liquid is established.

A mathematical model of helium absorption by a sorbent consisting of hollow spherical particles with allowance for the distributions of permeability coefficients and particle sizes is constructed. A possibility of reconstructing the permeability coefficients of the microsphere materials from the known sorption curves and particle size distribution is demonstrated. The model is analyzed and tested by examples of two different sorbents.

The problem of the motion of a filtration front in a zero background in the case of a power-law dependence of the filtration coefficient on gas density is considered, and the existence and uniqueness theorem for solutions in the class of analytic functions is proved. The solution is constructed in explicit form, recurrence formulas for computing the coefficients in the series are obtained, and the convergence of the series is proved by the majorant method. The filtration front construction procedure is proposed.

This paper presents a model that has less constraints than similar models and explains the collapse phenomenon in any desired order of geometrical asymmetries and in the presence of symmetric and asymmetric general-form wave fronts. It seems that, in this model, a complete generalized form of the classical jet formation theory has been developed. Available models that describe the symmetric jet and slug formation phenomenon are very good in such conditions. But the liner and confinement asymmetries, detonation wave front asymmetries, and other specifications, such as manufacturing tolerances, can affect the collapse and the behavior of the jet and slug. Some proposed models that describe asymmetric cases are not closed-form models or are only applicable for limited conditions, such as small asymmetries and a planar wave front. With the presented model, effects of concave, plane, and convex wave fronts on the off-axis velocity of the jet, other parameters of the jet and slug, and effects of an asymmetric wave front on jet formation for a completely symmetric liner and confinement geometry can be evaluated.

Ion slip in a time-varying Hartmann flow of a conducting incompressible non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluid between two parallel horizontal insulating porous plates is studied with allowance for heat transfer. A uniform and constant pressure gradient is applied in the axial direction. An external uniform magnetic field and uniform suction and injection through the surface of the plates are applied in the normal direction. The two plates are maintained at different but constant temperatures; the Joule and viscous dissipations are taken into consideration. Numerical solutions for the governing momentum and energy equations are obtained with the use of finite differences, and the effect of various physical parameters on both the velocity and temperature fields is discussed.

The propagation of plane harmonic waves in a thermoelastic medium with heat-flux relaxation is studied; in particular, the dependences of the temperature and displacement on the coordinate are analyzed in a coupled formulation. The dependences of the group and phase velocities on frequency are investigated. The influence of the frequency and parameters of the material on the amplitude of thermoelastic waves is examined. The results are compared with the available results obtained using classical thermoelasticity theory.

The three-dimensional problem of calculating the Cosserat spectrum of the first boundary-value problem of elasticity for a body of revolution is considered. Using grids containing 900 and 3600 nodes, it is shown that the sequence of eigenvalues for a sphere found by E. Cosserat and F. Cosserat does not describe the entire range of eigenvalues.

An equation of state for a shape memory alloy is derived using a formalized approach to the construction of finite-deformation constitutive equations for complex media. The obtained equations were tested for coupled elastic–inelastic boundary-value problems of deformation of a sample of a shape-memory during forward and reverse martensitic transformations.

The process of tension of a plate with a narrow crack-like cut whose vertices form finite-radius semi-circumferences is considered. The plate is made of a structured material whose mechanical characteristics are close to the characteristics of St.45 steel. Fracture diagrams are constructed by a numerical method, based on the necessary and sufficient criteria. A possibility of an analytical presentation of fracture diagrams is demonstrated.

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of the formation of tensile cracks in a brittle geomaterial with an elliptical notch under compression with variation in the angle of inclination of the notch to the loading axis. Calculation results are compared with the experimental data obtained.

A problem of equilibrium of a composite plate consisting of a matrix and an elastic inclusion with a through crack along the boundary of this inclusion is studied. The matrix deformation is described by the Timoshenko model, and the elastic inclusion deformation is described by the Kirchhoff–Love model. Conditions of mutual non-penetration of the crack edges are imposed on the curve that describes the crack. Unique solvability of the variational problem is proved. A system of boundary conditions on the curve bounding (in the mid-plane) the elastic inclusion is obtained. A differential formulation of the problem equivalent to the initial variational formulation is given.

Successive impact excitation and construction of Fourier transforms of linear and nonlinear strain responses and phase portraits of undamaged or damaged vertically suspended models of a periodic welded rod structure were used to establish the dependence of the area ratio of the phase portraits of the nonlinear and linear domains of the strain response, which characterizes the stress (damage) of the model, on the impact momentum. The dynamic strain responses were recorded using ultra-wideband (10^–2÷10⁸ Hz) ferroelectric microgauges based on thin Pb(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)O₃ films 2 mm in thickness with a 0.8 mm² contact area.

The effect of the presence of a shield on the stress state of the casing of a real explosion chamber and the rate of decay of its vibrations was studied experimentally. Considerable decrease in the stress was observed in the shielded part of the casing and at its pole at which the shield was not installed. It was shown that the use of a local shield in the form of a shell ring significantly increased the duration of vibrations of the casing, in particular at the pole.

Results of the investigation of carbon dioxide fluxes by means of eddy covariance in the ecosystem of meso-oligotrophic peatland of the European North-East of Russia during the transition from autumn to winter are presented. The effect of temperature at soil surface on R_eco and the effect of solar radiation intensity on NEE are revealed. The value of carbon dioxide flux decreased with the formation of a stable snow cover on peatland but did not disappear.

Effect of the density of stand on the antioxidant system of Pinus silvestris L. and Pinus sibirica Du Tour was investigated. The dynamics of the concentrations of chlorophyll, hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid during the vegetation period was studied, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase in one-year needles of the trees 26 years old, with the initial stand density of 0.5 and 128 thousand individuals per hectare.

Analysis of the information on the dynamics of ground water, frequency of fire events and post-fire progressive age stages of vegetation in forest-bog ecosystems of southern taiga and the forest-steppe zone of the West Siberian Plain showed that under these specific conditions in the modern epoch fire events are permanently acting factor controlling the scale and dynamics of forest- and bog-forming processes. Fire frequency has the largest effect on the dynamics of forest-bog ecosystems. The scale and level of transformation of forest-bog ecosystems under the action of the pyrogenic factor are due to their ecological regimes and have specific features in different landscapes.

The impact of ground fire with different degree of intensity on the living ground vegetation in middle-taiga pine forests of Central Siberia was considered. It was revealed that fire events, independently of their intensity, cause a decrease in the percent cover and the biomass of living ground vegetation, and also have a destroying effect on the moss and lichen cover. Post-fire recovery of the living ground vegetation at the initial stage of post-fire succesion is determind by the initial forest type, fire intensity, and the depth of cover burn.

Species composition of wood communities after mass windfall was studied on the basis of the concept of competition for resource. Tsipfa-Pareto model of rank resource sharing was used as the theoretical model of competition. Analysis showed that the processes resulting from competitive interactions between the trees of different species proceed slowly on windfall area where coniferous species get replaced by leafy ones. At the territory where leafy species dominated initially, competitive interactions between the trees of different species turn out to be formed almost immediately under natural reforestation after windfall. By the time when the correlation of species gets stabilized, the ranks of separate species get stabilized too. This result was obtained on the basis of quantitative estimation of the change in leadership between competitor species with time using Spearman’s factor of rank correlation.

Results of comparative experiments on row sowing of the seeds of permanent grasses collected in the northern regions of Russia (experiment No. 1) and brought from North America (experiment No. 2) are considered. Experiments were arranged at the territory of former sludge-collecting pit of the Vozeyskoe oil deposit (Usinsk District, Republic of Komi) dumped with sand layer 1 m thick, in order to reveal optimal species for the protection of disturbed territories from erosion. Sowing of grasses adapted to the conditions of European North, with fertilizer application, allowed short-term formation of closed grass cover, sod layer fixing the substrate, ground litter layer accumulating nutrients and ensuring subsequent development of phytocenosis, on the technogenic substrate.

274 species of vascular plants were registered on the dumps of the Luzanovskiy open-pit coal mining station. Among them, there are 244 grass species (including 47 annual and biennial plants), 29 wood species (trees and shrubs) and 1 semi-arborescent species. Nine site types were indicated. Two stages of succession were distinguished. Plant viability at different stages was observed. Species were ranged according to Yurtzev plant activity degrees. Analysis of dissemination types showed domination of anemochorous and autochorous plants. The distribution of dissemination types over plant activity degrees was considered. Annotated list of species is given.

The influence of man-made dust pollution on the changes of the physiological and biochemical characteristics, and their heterogeneity (variability), as well as on the radiostability of seed progeny of L. Apetalum was investigated.
It was shown that a higher degree of man-made dust pollution of growing place of parent plants had no impact on the level of radiostability of seed progeny, compared with the control, despite the higher value of antioxidant status in their seed progeny, which is probably a consequence of reduced variability of the investigated characteristics.

Attempt is made to estimate the features of the influence of chronic action of radiation on the variability of biochemical and morphometric parameters of Pentaphylloides fruticosa grown under the gradient of pollution with radionuclides ⁹⁰Sr and ¹⁸⁷Cs, and to demonstrate, using the coefficient of variability (CV), analysis of variation curves of distribution and discriminant analysis, that the samples differ depending on the level of radiation.

Mineralization of plant residues in background and anthropogenically affected areas is analyzed. The multielement composition of plant residues before and after exposure in soil is listed; it was studied by means of the synchrotron radiation (XPA SR). It is shown that destruction is accompanied by the change of the chemical composition of plant residues. Chemical elements with the concentrations increasing during infiltration from soil into exposed samples were determined. Agrobotanical groups of plants with the maximal infiltration rate were determined.

The problems connected with the evaluation of technogenic contamination of ecosystems with the wastes of placer gold production in Priamurye and Primorye are discussed in the paper. The wastes polluted with mercury bring substantial hazard. We have established the degradation of environmental objects and sharp deterioration of human habitat. This brings the threat to human life in miners’ settlements. We propose the measures to reduce the negative action of wastes on environment objects.

The chemical composition of solid and liquid phases of snow samples taken at different distances from emission sources was studied, priority elements polluting geosystems during the production of aluminium were determined and the halos of their spatial scattering were revealed. Total pollution index and the load of pollution were calculated. On the basis of quantitative indicators, in application to the MPC, the zones of ecological and geochemical risk were revealed. A comparative analysis of the levels of selected elements in the association of industry-induced aerosol in the area of the greatest risk and in background soil was carried out.

Linear, power, exponential and hyperbolic models of regression analysis for the determination of the dependence of standardized indices of lung cancer morbidity on the amount of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere is the Kemerovo Region are described. The possibilities of the application of these models to the calculation of intermediate-term forecasts of carcinogenic action of the environment on the population of the Kuznetsk Basin are discussed.

Sowing qualities of the seeds of Abies sibirica Ledeb. from the trees of I to V Kraft grades and total content of nitrogen in the seeds were determined. The best qualities characterize the seeds taken from the middle part of the cones growing in the upper part of crowns of the trees related to I and II Kraft grades. Nitrogen content in the seeds varies within the range 2,7–3,46 mg/g and depends on the growth and development of the trees. The correlation between these characteristics was found to be 0,81–0,94.