Home – Home – Jornals – Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 2013 number 2

Clearly expressed maxima of aerosol scattering were recored in Tomsk in January, 2010 from lidar observations in stratosphere at altitudes from 14 to 24 km. Calculations of back trajectories of air mass transfer to Tomsk demonstrated that enhanced aerosol scattering was directly related to air mass cooling for 6–12 h before its occurrence over Tomsk in the regions below thresholds for polar stratospheric cloud formation. The calculated back trajectories demonstrated that the polar stratospheric clouds registered in Tomsk at altitudes of 16–24 km could be formed over the Scandinavian mountains, and the clouds at altitudes of 11–14 km could be formed over mountain ridges of Polar Ural Mountains and Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. The presence of the stratospheric aerosol of synoptic scales in these regions in January, 2010 was confirmed by the data of CALIOP satellite lidar

A calculation of total, direct, and diffuse solar radiation fluxes in 0.2–5 mm spectral region in the cloudless atmosphere for different water vapor continuum absorption models at the variable atmospheric total water vapor content, typical for winter and summer conditions of Western Siberia is made. It is shown that the CAVIAR continuum absorption model, based on new experimental data, can give a higher sensitivity of the simulated fluxes to the total water vapor content than the MT_CKD model, widely used in the radiative calculations. It is caused by the fact that the water vapor continuum in the CAVIAR data exceeds the MT_CKD prediction on average by the order of magnitude in the atmospheric windows of the near infrared spectral region

We propose a method of temperature fields for orthogonal decomposition of components. The territory of Russia and CIS countries was studied, as well as Northern Europe. Value of the long-term trend, the amplitude of the annual progress and the anomaly were calculated. Fields were built of multi-year minimum and maximum temperatures, the trend, the amplitude, and the seasonal component. The effect of the Gulf stream in the cold season was shown. Characteristics of temperature field for winter and summer periods were revealed

Using long-term observational data on beam attenuation coefficient (BAC) and depth of visibility of Secchi Disk, the main peculiarities of annual cycle of transparency distribution in surface water layer of the north-western Black Sea were considered. Statistical estimations of seasonal and intra-seasonal variations of BAC in the areas which differ in the degree of influence on their hydrophysical characteristics of river and open-sea water flow were obtained, and their good agreement with variations of content of suspended matter components was noted. Seasonal values of BAC on chlorophyll a concentration were calculated, based on the use of regressive dependence between these parameters being measured simultaneously. It is shown that long-term (1978–2010) seasonal variations of BAC (measured and calculated) and, connected with them, variations of chlorophyll a concentration depend on variability of the river flow capacity, coverage of its distribution on the north western shelf and regional hydrometeorological conditions

Outline maps of the distribution of mineral suspension in waters of the lake Hanka in summer, spring, autumn, and winter seasons have been created. The analysis revealed seasonal differences in the distribution of mineral suspension of the lake and showed that the lake ecosystem is functioning under a constant rhythmic annual cycle of changing the concentration of the suspended matter

It has been found that the type of change of annual average humidity within the atmospheric boundary layer of Siberia for the last 30 years approximately repeats the spatial distribution of annual average temperature. In this case while the appreciable warming and air humidity rising is observed in the polar regions (70°N) and in the subpolar zone (60–70°N) of Eastern Siberia, their synchronous fall is occurred in the same zone of West Siberia. Changes of annual average humidity do not correspond to the changes of annual average temperature (at 30-year increase of temperature, the humidity decreases) in the moderate zone of Siberian region practically within the all atmospheric boundary layer. It is shown that in 2001-2010 the appreciable fall of air temperature and humidity predominates in the all atmospheric boundary layer of the most part of Siberia

The research results of the long-term change trends of seasonal average air humidity within the atmospheric boundary layer of Siberian region over last 30 years (1981-2010) estimated by the observed data of 25 aerological stations for winter, spring, summer, and autumn are presented. It has been found that changes of seasonal average humidity observed within the atmospheric boundary layer over the territory of Siberia for the last 30 years depend on the geographical position of the station and make a different contribution to the long-term fluctuations of annual average humidity in the different seasons. Namely, while the negative trends making for annual average humidity fall within all atmospheric boundary layer predominate in winter and in a small degree in summer (only in the subpolar and the moderate zones of Western Siberia), the positive trends are typical in spring and autumn for all regions. It is shown as well that in the last ten years almost everywhere seasonal average air humidity fall was observed in the atmospheric boundary layer of the most part of Siberian region for every season, especially in winter. Seasonal average air humidity rises predominates only in the polar regions of Siberia (for every season) and in the subpolar zone of Eastern Siberia (in spring, summer and autumn), and at every altitude of the atmospheric boundary layer

A study is made of the aggregate composition of anemophilic plants pollen, which both is sprayed artificially and enters the atmosphere upon pollination. All experiments on the pollen of all the species studied have revealed a substantial number of agglomerates consisting of two or more pollen grains. In some cases, these agglomerates contain more than 50% of the total number of the captures pollen grains

In line with natural resources regulations and an investment regime, taxes are one of the most important instruments of public regulation of an oil-and-gas sector. The reforms of the 2000s resulted mostly in building conditions for development of oil-and-gas fields in the start-up regions, post mining areas, and small deposits. The paper proves that there is a need in a comprehensive tax reform allowing application of the economic approaches to differentiation

The analysis of power consumed by the population of the Moscow region allows understanding the patterns of energy infrastructure development which can be observed in an urban agglomeration. Dynamics of the power production and consumption over 2000–2010 reflects a transition of the regional economy to its post-industrial structure. We can state that to monitor statistically the effects of agglomeration and react properly when planning power consumption, energy balances of entities included into the agglomeration should be necessarily disaggregated. This could be done by making up an energy balance for each municipality.

A trajectory of incorporation into an academic community is understood here as a combination of the places, where higher education can be acquired, and work places which can be occupied. The data of a survey carried out among the young researchers of the Siberian Branch of RAS show the fact that those researchers who graduated from the university located in the same scientific center where they were working or completing post-graduate programs at the moment of the survey («insiders») are involved in much more number of projects financed through grants. The difference between «insiders» and «outsiders» can be observed at the early stages of their scientific careers. The most successful (i.e. those who have many grants) insiders are oriented at foreign financing organizations that can be seen in their involvement in foreign projects and willingness to have permanent or temporary job abroad as well.

The paper considers what demands for further education can be observed among different graduates completed the programs of vocational schools of the Novosibirsk Oblast - both employed and unemployed at present. We describe the current and potential demand and supply for additional professional education which can or could be observed in the regional market. We show that different segments of the system of additional professional education and relative market segments do react to different demands of groups of the population, sectors of the economy, public employment services, and a labor market.

The paper proposes a system of the indicators and a technique to define regional ratings on the base of such system. An aggregated index of innovation activity for units of the Russian Federation are calculated with consideration for differences in their socio-economic development as well as weighing coefficient (and without them) obtained on the base of a pairwise comparisons matrix. Our analysis shows that consideration for weights does determine the rating of the unit of the Federation among others. However, we can state that the regions having top positions in one rating scale remain of top positions in others.

The paper shows that a downward trend in relation to a share of tax revenues coming from the Siberian Federal District has been changing since 2009 to an upward move. The Siberian economy has revived from the crises faster than the country in whole. We present here the fixed effects models of panel data, and assess features of the Siberian tax field related to spatial and time characteristics. We also show that, over the period of positive market trends observed in 2002–2008, the taxes in the gross were growing mainly due to an extensive factor not connected with structural changes, but its role in the trend is shrinking. The balance of power has been drastically changing since 2009.

The Novosibirsk Oblast showed high of its economic growth - its indicators were significantly higher than both Russian and the SFD average ones over 1999–2008. The same can be observed over the next period 2010–2011. The GRP and industrial production in physical terms were more than twice higher despite negative changes taken place in the economic trends and institutional environment of the Oblast. According to a constantly increasing number of economic indicators, the Oblast has outpaced its SFD neighbors over the last years. The author explains these facts applying a wide spectrum of statistical indicators.

The paper presents quantitative assessment of the risk factors which deteriorate the population health such as economic-infrastructural, socio-psychological, and ecologic ones. Applying regression analysis techniques, the paper also identifies the region where ecological contribution to the health deterioration is more than 10% as well as the regions mostly vulnerable in relation to ecologic impact. The analysis and conclusions made in this paper would allow local authorities to pay attention to a necessity of taking effectual measures both in natural resource management and healthcare.

The paper analyses how large corporations impact on the economic processes taken place in certain regions; what pros and cons could be if large corporations or their subsidiaries and branches operate in regions; what effects are when a centralized model of corporate governance are widely spread; and how such model impacts on the level of localization of effects obtained by operating large federal corporations. We describe the examples of several regions of the Siberian Federal District where large corporations operate. We also consider several examples of foreign practices, and present our conclusions about the role which large corporations play being a factor of the regional economic development.

The paper analyses trajectories of the OAO «Russian Railways» organization development within a two-dimension coordinate system; this allows us to understand the evolution of this corporation and future development perspectives. We consider what should be done to build such management for Russian public-access railways system which allows compromising the corporation's public and commercial objectives. We carry out a critical analysis of shifting a territorial-functional principle of the corporation management to a functional one as well as whether the corporation should be considered as a natural monopoly while there is only a part of it is of actual monopoly.

The paper analyses cooperation of the oil-and-gas industries of the countries located in the Caspian Sea region, and describes the lines of oil and gas transportation and a role which oil companies play in implementation of the oil-and-gas projects. It also presents the author's recommendations on how to enhance the interstate oil-and-gas cooperation in the Caspian Sea region.

The paper analyses the building of regional competitive environment in the Central Federal District through development of small business, and proves that small business could promote the building of competitive environment. The paper also analyses the small business operating within the territory of the Central Federal District.

The authors have designed a test stand for origination and growth of discontinuities in rocks. Based on the laboratory experiment data obtained on artificial geomaterials and using the developed geomechanical model, equation of state for shear deformation of a discontinuity is synthesized.

The paper presents analytical solution for hydraulic fracture driven by a non-Newtonian fluid and propagating under plane strain conditions in cross sections parallel to the fracture front. Conclusions are drawn on the influence of the fluid properties on the fracture propagation.

The authors analyze numerically propagation of hydraulic fractures from a circular hole boundary under viscous fluid injection in plane deformation condition, considering influence of the fluid viscosity and elastic characteristics. The approximate solution is compared with the recent numerical calculations of exact formulated problem. Effect of configuration of incipient hydraulic fractures on development of the overall hydrofracturing pattern is analyzed, and stable growth conditions for several long fractures are found.

The article proposes mathematical model of heat exchange between open pitwall and atmosphere for forecasting temperature field in permafrost strata, daily change in radiative balance; slope angle and surface orientation; influence of contiguous benches. In terms of Udachny Mine, time dependence of pitwall sloughing layer thickness is estimated under cyclic effect of freezing–defrostation in rocks having different freeze resistance.

The authors analyze stress–strain state of elastic plane with circular void in varied loading conditions, draw energy flow lines, highlight effect of clustered seismic events on the flow line shape, and propose definition of rockburst probability.

The article considers statistical properties of surfaces of sylvinite, spathic salt and carnallite grains in nanorange. The authors describe processed experimental data obtained on scanning microprobe Dimension ICON in nanorange for grains of the Upper Kama potassium and potash-magnesium rock salts. Fractal dimension determined by minimum covering method is used as a characteristic of the grain surface irregularity. The authors find differences in the statistic properties of one-dimension divergent cuts of the grain surfaces.

The author studies buoyancy of pontoons used in open pit coal mines based on the fundamental principles of the ship theory and finds safe height of pontoon upperworks. The derived formulas for metacentric heights are used in the analysis of pontoon stability.

The authors have developed and numerically analyzed model of near-field range of a percussion-type borehole seismic source emission. The obtained estimates of attack energy on productive strata at underspeed seismic waves and varied position of the source relative to the stratum are presented in the article.

Meeting production targets in terms of ore quantity and quality is critical for a successful mining operation. In-situ grade variability and uncertainty about the spatial distribution of ore and quality parameter cause both deviations from production targets and general financial deficits. A stochastic integer programming formulation (SIP) is developed herein to integrate geological uncertainty described by sets of equally possible scenarios of the unknown orebody. The SIP formulation accounts not only for discounted cashflows and deviations from production targets, discounts geological risk, while accounting for practical mining. Application at an iron ore deposit in western Australia shows the ability of the approach to control risk of deviating from production targets over time. Comparison shows that the stochastically generated mine plan exhibits less risk in deviating from quality targets that the traditional mine planning approach based on a single interpolated orebody model.

The article reviews backfilling complexes operating at Kazakhstan mines and describes laboratory and industrial tests of effect of cement–ash binder and plastifier combination on rheological properties and strength of filling masses.

Simultaneous extraction of ore reserves from open pitwall and the layer immediately adjacent to the open pit bottom results in higher volume of ore discharge in the limited bottom area, besides the bottom must be stable within the adjacent layer extraction interval. The authors select the pit bottom design with two-way alternate arrangement of loading entries, taking into account the use of power-driven load–haul–dumpers. The ore output with the given pit bottom design is evaluated.

Considering peculiarities of resource potential in spoil dumps after gold placer mining and based on the analysis of spoil dump samples taken in two large gold placer mines, the article illustrates renewability of the resources left in spoil dumps under effect of natural processes (low-temperature, gravity water flow, suffosion, etc.).

The authors discuss how design elements of replaceable rotatable blade ring influence its stress–strain state and natural frequency. The constructed generalized dimensionless model of adaptable blade ring assists in designing axial fans with increased rotation velocity for improved performance of main mine fans.

The authors have developed procedure for forecasting air flow, air and rock temperatures as well as thawing halo in all roadways of a mine, taking into account stage-wise introduction of new mine workings in the mine ventilation network, or backfilling of the mined-out stopes.

The article analyzes flotation and adsorption capacity of a new complexing reagent AMD (nitrogen and oxygenated organic compound belonging to phenylpyrazole class) toward sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite, combined with complexing modifiers, at varied consumptions of the reagents, in wide range of alkalinity. The basis for improvement of pyrite and sphalerite separation in flotation is provided.

Based on analysis of estimation criteria for chemical resistance of nonferrous and rare metal minerals, it has been found possible to properly predict their reactivity prior to their mechanical activation reasoning from their energy density, bond uniformity and power characteristic of cations of oxygen compounds. The authors propose relationships for determination of structural changes in noble metal minerals under mechanoactivation, which ensure mineral opening under further hydrometallurgical treatment (temperatures under 100 ºC). These relationships are useful to pre-evaluate reactivity of minerals and, based on that, select effective mechanical activation conditions.

The article presents basic magnetic characteristics of nine prime concentrates obtained from Siberian black iron ore and lightly oxidized iron ore processed at Abagur Sinter and Enrichment Plant. The best magnetic properties belong to prime concentrate of black iron ore extracted from Abaza, Irba and Kaz deposits; the weakest properties characterize lightly oxidized ore from Izykh-Gola and Krasnokamensk; the values of magnetic characteristics are proportional to magnetite content of original sample. Considering this, it is recommended to process jointly lightly oxidized and black iron ore in order to reduce magnetite loss in tailings.

The currentness of space data application in local and regional real-time estimation of state of nature in a mining area is substantiated in the article. The authors give and analyze satellite measurements of state of natural environment in a mining area in terms of open cut Olimpiada Gold Mine, Krasnoyarsk Territory.

In terms of Mnogovershinny gold and silver mine, the authors have made geological estimation of mining impact on natural environment using geoinformation technologies. The influence area of mining and processing has been zoned based on the complex air pollution index using earth remote sensing methods.