The article studies main trends in formation and development of a new research area in historical science of Siberia — historical demography. The author reveals the role and significance of historical facts in the demographic process, formulates main objectives of historical demography at the present stage of scientific development.
The paper considers dynamics of demographic processes in the Eastern Parts of Russia (Ural, Siberia, Far East) under the circumstances of overall political and socioeconomic transformations in the XX century. The author characterizes the impact of the two world wars, resettlement policies of P.A.Stolypin, economic and demographic policies of the Soviet government in different periods of history on the formation and controversial development of demographic potential of the eastern regions. The author proves the high importance of the strategy of population preservation and upsurge for the Asiatic Russia, whose geopolitical role cannot be overestimated.
For the first time in historiography the author calculates and explains the general rates of natural population dynamics (birthrate, death rate, increase) in the Amur, Maritime and Yakut Regions, and also on the Sakhalin Isle at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. The rates were combined into the dynamical lines, differentiated between urban and rural settlements. Some specific situations have been marked for several distinctive local and social groups: the Amur and Ussuri Cossacs, old timers and resettlers etc.
The paper describes changes in family size and number of children among the workers in Western Siberia in the first quarter of the XX century. At the beginning of the century there was a tendency of reduction in family size among the workers, replaced in the 1920s by a temporary tendency of growth. A tendency of reduction in the average number of children is also noted. This is explained by gradual decrease in economic need for having a large family so far as the workers became less dependent on agriculture. Other reasons were the increasing involvement of women in industry, low level of capitalism development in Siberia and, as a result, low demand for the cheap child labor.
The paper analyzes main factors that determined the population dynamics in the Kuzbass in the turn of the XIX-XXI centuries. Based on these data the author formulates the dominant trends of demographic development in the region: high rates of population growth as a result of active urbanization process; changing demographic structure and fertility as long-term effects of the Great Patriotic War. Since the early 1990s the nationwide trend of population decline along with declining share of urban population has also become apparent.
On the basis of archival materials the article analyzes reliability of statistical sources; considers demographic consequences of famine at the beginning of the 1930s in Western Siberia. The author compares his findings with data related to other territories of the USSR.
The article based on the archival data of 1937-1940 determines the population size and structure inYakutia (including the special contingents: prisoners and servicemen). The author analyzes materials of the 1937 and 1939 population censuses, specifics of census work performed by the statisticians and NKVD officers.
The article is devoted to studying the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors on the quantitative dynamics of natality during wartime. The author has calculated the coefficient of correlation between the war realities, social processes and birth rate as well as deficit of births. Besides she demonstrates various indicators of natality including the dynamics of mortinatality and abortions for social reasons; shows the effect of qualitative changes of the parental generation on the birth rate.
The article describes the conditions, factors and trends in family and marriage relations in the 1970s- 1980 s in the Republic of Buryatia, one of the largest multinational regions of Eastern Siberia. Among the determining factors in the development of population of the Republic in this period was intense industrial and transport development of its remote northern areas and the construction of the BAM. This led to large-scale migration of young people and a qualitative change in the population by sex and age, which was reflected in the structure of the family relations. The article analyzes dynamics of demographic development of the country, and reveals general and specific features of development of the family relations in the region.
The paper studies expedition activities of Academician G.F. Mueller during his stay in the North-Eastern part of Siberia in 1736-1737. The author defines this period of G.F.Muellers life as a turning point in his scientific biography due to the fact that this was the time when G.F.Mueller started his most significant comprehensive studies of Siberia (works on the history of Russian geographical discoveries, history of various regions annexation and development by the Russians, Sino-Russian relations, ethnography etc.). Realization of these research projects during the expedition and after its completion made him a European celebrity and won him glory of the father of Siberian historiography.
The article following the concrete historical approach characterizes the typical structure, number of inhabitants and size of the network of rural settlements in Siberia in the late XIX century. Based on the analysis of mass statistics it shows a variety of types of rural settlements and their share in the total number of rural settlements of the region. The author determines the average size of settlements (the number of households and inhabitants) in each of the districts of Siberia.
The paper analyzes social self-determination of the autochthonic peoples in the North-Western Siberia in the course of M.M. Speranskys reform implementation. The research traces attitudes of these people towards their status prescribed by the authorities, its correlation with their own understanding of their role in the society. The article also describes constituent elements of these ethnic groups social self-identification developed by the beginning of the XX century. For this purpose the author pays attention to the remaining local ethnic, confessional, territorial and administrative links and identities, which proved the process of inorodtsys consolidation as an estate was incomplete in the region.
N.P. Matkhanova
Keywords: senatorial inspections, power and society, V.D. Philosophov, N.M. Golitsyn, inspection by I.N. Tolstoy, sources on Siberian history
Pages: 56-62
New sources on the history of Siberia in the XIX century - The Diary by V.D. Philosophov and letters of N.M. Golitsyn - are introduced into the scientific circulation. Both authors took part in the inspection of Eastern Siberia conducted by the senator I.N. Tolstoy in 1843-1845. The everyday life and business activities of the newly arrived officials, their attitudes to Siberian merchants and bureaucrats are shown.
A.A. Dolgolyuk
Keywords: Siberia, construction workers, engineering and technical personnel, specialists, advanced training, retraining of the personnel
Pages: 62-66
The article analyzes forms of advanced training of engineers, technicians and office workers in the construction organizations of Siberia during the two postwar five-year plans. The author estimates scale and quality of training, compares it with systems of training that existed in foreign countries.
V.L. Nekrasov
Keywords: Chairman of State Planning Committee (Gosplan) of the USSR, N.S.Khrushchev, top political leadership, "images of the planners"
Pages: 66-70
The paper focuses on the issues related to the changing status of the Gosplans Chairman in the top political leadership; factors that determined his political influence; problems of his loyalty to the leader of the country; level of professionalism of the heads of planning bodies; institutional characteristics of the heads of Gosplan and images of planners. The author comes to conclusion that during N.S.Khrushchevs reign the State Planning Committee of the USSR lost its political influence and was entirely submitted to the Party machinery.
The article considers problems of development of the standard projects of automated control systems (ACS); the necessity of their creation; elaboration of such projects; offers classification of standard solutions for ACS. The author pays special attention to the automated control systems for enterprises, features of typification of tasks solved by these systems and to the specifics of creation of standard projects. The author attempts to define the role and significance of standard projects for the automation process of management of the national economy of the USSR, reveals the failure causes of ACS.
I.B. Karpunina, A.P Melentyeva
Keywords: projects of agricultural development, social development of the village, cities' patronage over rural areas, Siberia
Pages: 73-78
The paper introduces for scientific use The Integrated Program for the Economically Weak Farms Development in the Novosibirsk Region for the Years 1989-1993 which was made as a typical agricultural development program adopted in the 1980s. In the article preceding the text of the document the authors evaluate the socio-economic context of its adoption, analyze the contents of the Program, and describe the course and results of its realization.
The paper describes the process of formation of multipolar publishing system in Siberia and the Far East under the conditions of social and cultural transformations in the 1990s. The author describes main features of structural changes in regional publishing industry, demonstrates influence of crises on the process of updating the system of book publishing; considers activities of the leaders of the regional book industry such as the Publishing house of the Siberian Branch and «Dalnauka» of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; the high school publishing centers.
The article deals with the starting period of the Jewish community formation and development in Siberia. This period has not been thoroughly studied in historiography. The analysis presented in the article is based on the archival data and elaborates on governmental policies of Alexander I and Nicholas I towards Jews living in Siberia as well as the consequences of the policies by the mid-nineteenth century.
M.S Druganova
Keywords: citizen's appeals, the local government, World War I, mobilization, interdiction of selling alcohol, the prisoners of war
Pages: 86-89
The article is devoted to characterization and description of the citizens appeals to the local municipal bodies of the Tobolsk Governorate during World War I. The author researched citizens letters on the topics related to the circumstances of wartime. Scientific research has been carried out on the basis of materials from the State Archive of the Tyumen Region and The State Archive in Tobolsk. The author studied 68 letters and came to conclusion that the most popular writing topics were 1) financial aid to families of the mobilized men; 2) prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages; 3) location of prisoners of War at the territory of the region; 4) destabilization of the pricing policy.
The article deals with the reasons and circumstances for which the oldest bookselling company Academkniga specialized in scientific literature ceased to exist in several Siberian cities. The author describes how the niche of scientific book distribution in Novosibirsk was replaced by other booksellers: the literary shop «Capital» and the «Aristotle» group of companies. Furthermore, the paper analyzes experience of saving the store «Aсademkniga» in Tomsk where the book company was transformed into a separate division of the municipal institution «Museum of Tomsk».
The article presents the concept and first results of the Open SB RAS Archive integration project (2012-2014) sponsored by the SB RAS Presidium. The project is carried out by a number of the SB RAS scientific institutes specializing in humanities. The emphasis is placed on application of information technology to historical research and development of the historical factography technology.
M.A. Goldfeld1,2, Yu.V. Zakharova1,2, and N.N. Fedorova2 1Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Novosibirsk, Russia
nfed@itam.nsc.ru
Keywords: high-speed, high-enthalpy flows; apparatus channels; cavity; turbulence; experiment; mathematical modeling
Pages: 673-687
Results of an experimental and numerical study of supersonic turbulent high-enthalpy flow in a channel with cavity are reported. On the basis of wind-tunnel tests performed in the IT-302M short duration wind tunnel, data on the flow structure and on the distribution of static pressure along the model walls were obtained. These data were subsequently used to verify the numerical algorithm. In the calculations, a parametric study of the effects of Mach number, cavity configuration, and temperature factor on flow quantities was performed. It was numerically shown that variation of the above parameters leads to a transition of the flow regimes in the vicinity of the cavity.
Results of experimental investigation of nonstationary temperature field in the flow and on the surface of the channel with corrugated wall are presented at a jump-like change of heat release in time. The changes were performed at the air flow in a rectangular channel, whose one heated wall was made as a plate with triangular corrugation oriented at 45º relative to the main flow direction. The microthermocouples with the thickness of below 10 microns were used to perform these changes. Investigations revealed typical regularities of temperature evolution in the flow and along the perimeter of the heated rib. Experimental data on time-temperature dependence are approximated well by the exponential function.
E. Thandapani1, A.R. Ragavan2, and G. Palani2 1University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
2Dr. Ambedkar Govt. Arts College, Tamil Nadu, India
gpalani32@yahoo.co.in
Keywords: apex, magnetohydrodynamics, MHD, finite difference, Nusselt number, vertical cone, variable viscosity
Pages: 697-710
Free convection flow over an isothermal vertical cone immersed in a fluid with variable viscosity and MHD is studied in this paper. Using appropriate variables, the basic equations are transformed into the non- dimensional boundary-layer equations. These equations are then solved numerically using a very efficient implicit finite-difference method known as Crankl—Nicolson scheme. Detailed results for the velocity, temperature, skin friction, and heat transfer rates for a selection of parameter sets consisting of the viscosity parameter, magnetic field parameter, and Prandtl number are discussed. In order to validate our numerical results, the present results are compared with the available work in the literature and are found to be in an excellent agreement.
L.I. Maltsev and D.S. Zavarzin
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
maltzev@itp.nsc.ru
Keywords: falling liquid film, film disruption, dry spot, simulation
Pages: 711-718
Mathematical simulation of isothermal film flow for a viscous ponderous capillary liquid with dry spots on a solid substrate was performed. The algorithm was developed for calculation of the shape of a ridge (around the dry spot): this algorithm takes into account gravity forces, surface tension, friction, and inertia effects. Simulation results performed by original method were compared with experiment and previous method that takes into account only gravity and capillary forces. It was demonstrated that both methods produce similar results at low Reynolds numbers. However, at Reynolds higher than one these two methods give different results.
A.S. Anshakov1,2, S.I. Radko2, E.K. Urbakh1, A.E. Urbakh1, and V.A. Faleev1 1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
anshakov@itp.nsc.ru
Keywords: plasmatorch, steam, tubular electrode, electric field strength, energy curves
Pages: 761-763
A construction arrangement of electric arc plasmatorch with copper tubular electrodes for steam plasma generation was developed and tested. Experimental data on energy curves of this plasmatorch with nominal power of 100 kW are presented.
I.I. Novikov
Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS, Moscow, Russia
vvro@mail.ru
Keywords: power engineering, internal electrolysis, atomic energy, thermonuclear reactor, combined cycles, electronic and ionic chains
Pages: 765-767
The role of energy and methods of its saving for the development of human society and life are analyzed. The importance of future use of space energy flows and energy of water and air oceans is emphasized. The authors consider the idea of the unit for production of electric energy and pure substances using sodium chloride which reserves are limitless on the planet. Looking retrospectively at the development of power engineering from the elementary fire to modern electric power station, we see that the used method of heat production, namely by direct interaction of fuel and oxidizer, is the simplest. However, it may be possible to combust coal, i.e., carbon in salt melt, for instance, sodium chloride that would be more rational and efficient. If the stated problems are solved positively, we would master all energy properties of the substance; and this is the main problem of thermodynamics being one of the sciences on energy.
G. I. VYSOCHINA1, T. A. KUKUSHKINA1, N. B. ZHELEZNOVA2 and A. V. ZHELEZNOV2 1 Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Zolotodolinskaya 101, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia) E-mail: vysochina_galina@mail.ru 2 Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
Keywords: flavonols, catechins, tannins, carotenoids, amaranth Amaranthus L.
Pages: 627–633
The content of biologically active substances (flavonols, catechins, tannins, carotenoids) was studied for 45 samples of amaranth (Amaranthus L.) of different geographical origin, grown at the experimental plot of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the SB RAS (Novosibirsk). Amaranth leaves contain up to 3.2 % of flavonols, 0.33 % of catechins, 10.7 % of tannins, 101.4 mg% of carotenoids, whereas the flowers contain up to 3.1, 0.19, 11.3 %, and 32.3 mg %, respectively. A significant variation in the characteristics under testing has been revealed, which allows one to carry out the selection for increasing the content of either substance, and to use available species as feedstock sources.
V. A. GRABELNYKH1, E. P. LEVANOVA1, A. V. REDINOVA2, N. V. RUSSAVSKAYA2 and N. A. KORCHEVIN2
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:285:"1 Favorsky Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Favorskogo 1, Irkutsk 664033 (Russia) Е-mail: venk@irioch.irk.ru 2 Irkutsk State Railway Engineering University, Ul. Chernyshevskogo 15, Irkutsk 664074 (Russia)";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: sulphur-containing sorbents, processing, 1,2-dithiol-3-thione and 1,2,3-tris(methylsulpha-nyl)propane
Pages: 635–639
By means of reducing or thermal cracking, spent sulphur-containing sorbents obtained from waste organochlorine products can be converted into valuable organosulphur products such as 1,2-dithiol-3-thione, or 1,2,3-tris(methylsulphanyl)propane. The metal contained in the sorbent in both cases is transformed into corresponding sulphide and could be used to produce the metal in the usual way.
A. A. OVCHAROV, S. M. DANOV and A. V. SULIMOV
Dzerzhinsk Polytechnical Institute, Division of Nizhniy Novgorod State Technical University, Ul. Gaydara 49, Dzerzhinsk 606026 (Russia) E-mail: epoxide@mail.ru
Keywords: propylene oxide, kinetic model, epoxidation, titanium-containing zeolite
Pages: 641–645
Kinetics of propylene epoxidation using an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of titanium-containing zeolite was studied. An effect of concentration reagent and reaction product concentration and the temperature on the reaction rate was considered. Basing on the experimental data obtained, a mathematical model of the process was proposed to calculate the reaction rate constants, adsorption equilibrium and activation energy.
D. V. ONISHCHENKO and V. P. REVA
Far East Federal University, Ul. Sukhanova, 8, Vladivostok 690950 (Russia) E-mail: Ondivl@mail.ru
Keywords: renewable plant raw materials, titanium carbide, tungsten monocarbide, mechanochemical synthesis, mechanical activation, polymethylmethacrylate, aromaticity, structure of carbon modifications, cold isostatic pressing, high temperature sintering
Pages: 647–653
Mechanochemical synthesis of titanium and tungsten carbides involving carbon modifications obtained from the wastes of agricultural plants was developed. The conditions that affect the progress of mechanochemical synthesis of tungsten and titanium carbides were studied.
YU. V. OSTROVSKIY1, G. M. ZABORTSEV1, N. Z. LYAKHOV2 and V. P. ISUPOV2 1 JSC “State Specialized Design Institute”, Novosibirsk VNIPIET,
Ul. B. Khmelnitskogo 2, Novosibirsk 630075 (Russia)
E-mail: ost@vnipiet-nsk.ru
2 Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
E-mail: isupov@solid.nsc.ru
Keywords: naturally occurring mineral water, uranium, galvanochemical treatment, sorption, anion
Pages: 655–660
Processes were studied concerning uranium extraction from the mineralized water of the Shaazgay Nuur Lake using the techniques of galvanochemistry and ion exchange on anionites. The application of galvanochemical method with the use of coal and steel wool as galvanic couple has been demonstrated to allow almost completely extracting the uranium from the mineralized water with the uranium content amounting to about 1 mg/L. A quantitative extraction of uranium from the mineralized water using anion exchangers AM-P, Purolite A-400 and Purolite A-560, has been shown to be possible, both in static and dynamic modes.
M. P. POLOVINKA1, M. T. EGORYCHEVA2, N. G. VLASENKO2 and N. F. SALAKHUTDINOV1 1 Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia) E-mail: polovina@nioch.nsc.ru 2 Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Chemization, Russian Agricultural Academy, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region 630501 (Russia)
Keywords: extract of larch (Larix sibirica), extract of lichens of Usnea genus, bisamine, 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid, spring wheat, phytopathogens, productivity
Pages: 661–668
A new efficient preparation with the broad range of action was developed on the basis of the aqueous solution of larch extract with the addition of a salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with bisamine and the extract of lichens of Usnea genus. The activity of this preparation is comparable with that of chemical fungicides. The preparation suppresses the development of mycosis and increases the productivity of spring wheat.
M. A. TORLOPOV
Institute of Chemistry, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Pervomayskaya 48, Syktyvkar 167982 (Russia) E-mail: Torlopov-ma@chemi.komisc.ru
Keywords: phenol-containing polysaccharides, ferulic acid, halogenated deoxy cellulose
Pages: 669–673
Cellulose derivatives were synthesized containing up to 25 mass % of the fragments of ferulic or vanillic acid. Phenol-containing polysaccharides obtained by means of intermolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction between 6-chloro-6-deoxy cellulose and potassium or tetrabutylammonium salts of corresponding phenolic acids. The source halogenated deoxy polysaccharide was obtained via the action of sulphuryl chloride on cellulose in the presence of pyridine in N,N-dimethylformamide environment.
E. G. KISELEV1,2 and O. N. SHISHATSKIY2 1 Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50, Krasnoyarsk 660036 (Russia) E-mail: evgeniygek@gmail.com 2 Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 664041 (Russia)
Keywords: biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates, degradable bioplastics, cost price of polyhydroxyalkanoates, substrates, synthesis gas
Pages: 675–677
Urgency is demonstrated concerning the studies focused on the development of processes for producing a new generation of environmentally safe and biodegradable polymeric materials. Basing on the experimental characteristics of the process of synthesizing polyhydroxyalkanoates obtained as the result of pilot plant operation at the Institute of Biophysics of the SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk), there has been a technical and economic analysis of the process performed. Calculation results are presented for the cost price of polyhydroxyalkanoates in the case of different substrate scenarios.
O. S. KUKOVINETS1, V. G. KASRADZE2, V. N. ODINOKOV3 and G. A. TOLSTIKOV4 1 Bashkiria State University,
Ul. Zaki-Validi 32, Ufa 450074 (Russia)
E-mail: kukovinets@mail.ru
2 Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Oktyabrya 71, Ufa 450054 (Russia)
E-mail: kasradzevg@anrb.ru
3 Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Oktyabrya 141, Ufa 450075 (Russia)
4 Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
Keywords: (S)-(+)-dihydromyrcene, pheromones, oxidation, ozonolysis
Pages: 679–681
Via the selective oxidative transformations of double bonds in (+)-(3S)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-diene (dihydromyrcene), the main thermolysis product of (+)-cis-pinane, efficient schemes are developed for the synthesis of a number of optically active insect pheromones.
D. V. ONISHCHENKO and V. P. REVA
Far East Federal University, Ul. Sukhanova, 8, Vladivostok 690950 (Russia) E-mail: ondivl@mail.ru, festurvp@mail.ru
Keywords: sphagnum moss, pyrolysis, mechanical activation, nanofibrous carbon
Pages: 683–685
Nanofibrous carbon (multi-wall nanotubes) was obtained through mechanochemical treatment of the amorphous modification of carbon, synthesized from sphagnum moss, carried out using the vario-planetary mill.
E. S. SAVELYEVA, V. V. ZUEV and N. E. ZUEVA
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademicheskiy 10/3, Tomsk 634055 (Russia) E-mail: sav@imces.ru
Keywords: Antarctic ozone hole, volcanoes, Mount Erebus, Volcanic Explosivity Index VEI, sulphuric acid aerosol, chloronitrate, hydrogen chloride, polar vortex, polar stratospheric cloud, condensation nuclei
Pages: 687–692
A predominant role of volcanic factor in strengthening the springtime ozone anomalies over Antarctica has been demonstrated. Correlation analysis was performed concerning the average data for September and October with respect to the areas of polar stratospheric clouds and the ozone hole over Antarctica as well as with respect to minimum temperature values in the stratosphere at an altitude of 18 km, during three 11-year period from 1979 to 2011. It is demonstrated that the accelerated growth of the ozone hole in the early 1980s coincided with the maximum gas emissions of the Antarctic volcano Mount Erebus. Within the subsequent 11-year period, increasing the area of the ozone hole was caused by an abrupt increase in the content of sulphuric acid aerosol in the stratosphere over Antarctica associated with powerful volcanic eruptions of Mount Pinatubo and Hudson Cerro in 1991.
