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Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics

2015 year, number 8

1.
Averaged energy difference method of calculation of asymmetric top line broadening

A.S. Dudaryonok1, N.N. Lavrentieva1, Q. Ma2
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 10025, New York, Broadway, 2880, USA
Keywords: метод средних частот, столкновительный переход, коэффициент уширения линии, the averaged energy difference method, collisional transition, line broadening coefficient

Abstract >>
The new method of calculation of rotation-vibration line broadening of asymmetric tops is proposed. The application of this method allows one to obtain the linewidths having been based on some empirical data without complicated calculations. Using experimental data a vibrational dependence of averaged energy difference is deduced. The approach was used for calculation of H 2O and HDO lines broadening. Comparisons of the theoretical line shape parameters with the experimental values in different absorption bands are made.



2.
Semi empirical statistical models of the influence of atmospheric aerosol on perturbation of fluxes of short-wave solar radiation from data of photometrical measurements

A.P. Luzhetskaya1, V.A. Poddubnyi1, T.V. Tsipushtanova2
1Institute of Industrial Ecology Ural branch of RAS, 20a, str. Sof'i Kovalevskoj, GSP-594, 620219, Ekaterinburg
2Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620083, 51 Lenina, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: аэрозоль, форсинг, возмущение потоков радиации, эмпирические статистические модели, регрессионный анализ, AERONET, aerosol, forcing, perturbation of the flow of radiation, empirical statistical models, regression analysis, AERONET

Abstract >>
Statistical analysis of the links between direct aerosol radiative forcing at the upper boundary of the atmosphere (ARF), aerosol radiative perturbation at the lower boundary of the atmosphere (ARP) in spectral range from 0.2 to 4.0 m and optical and microphysical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol was carried out using measurements by global network AERONET in the Middle Urals during 2004-2014. It is proposed to use multiple regression analysis to build simple models of ARF, ARP - parameters of the aerosol. The ranked sets of the most significant statistically independent predictors of aerosol parameters were found. The semi empirical linear and nonlinear statistical models of the influence of the atmospheric aerosol on perturbation fluxes of short-wave solar radiation on the upper and lower boundary of the atmosphere were proposed.



3.
Finely and coarsely dispersed components of atmospheric aerosol optical depth in maritime and polar regions

S.M. Sakerin, D.M. Kabanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: аэрозольная оптическая толща, морские и полярные районы, aerosol optical depth, marine and polar regions

Abstract >>
We discuss the results of comparative analysis of finely and coarsely dispersed components of atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD), obtained according to data of SP sun photometer measurements in 14 regions of the Atlantic, Southern, and Arctic Oceans, and Far East seas. Average (over regions) values of the coarsely dispersed AOD component vary from 0.007 to 0.24, and average values of the finely dispersed AOD component vary from 0.015 to 0.25. Despite the fact that the two AOD components are independent in their origin and exist in a variety of combinations, the distributions of their average values exhibit joint growth from lowermost values in the Southern Ocean to maximal values in the zone of severe continental outflows (the Sea of Darkness and the Sea of Japan). Taking into account the natural specific features, we grouped the data with respect to a few types of maritime regions; and for each, we determined the most probable values of the coarsely dispersed component and two parameters (analogous to Ångström parameters), which characterize the finely dispersed AOD component.



4.
Comparison of one-parametrical and two-parametrical models of aerosol extinction for experimental data of an arid zone of Kazakhstan

N.N. Shchelkanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: аэрозольное ослабление, однопараметрические модели, двухпараметрические модели, aerosol extinction, one-parametrical models, two-parametrical models

Abstract >>
Comparison of four aerosol models is carried out: two one-parametrical models for a ground layer of an arid zone of Kazakhstan, two-parametrical model for horizontal routes and two-parametrical model for horizontal and inclined routes. It is shown that the models received with use of new methods of creation of linear regression and division into components allow one to restore physically correctly not only values of coefficients of aerosol extinction, but also their mean square deviations.



5.
Spectroscopic measurements of O 3 and NO 2 atmospheric content: Improvements to ground-based method and comparison with the data of satellite observations

D.V. Ionov, Yu.M. Timofeyev, A.V. Poberovskii
Saint Petersburg State University, 1, Ulyanovskaya str., Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
Keywords: DOAS-измерения, содержание O в атмосфере, содержание NO в атмосфере, DOAS measurements, O atmospheric content, NO atmospheric content

Abstract >>
The results of daily observations of O 3 and NO 2 atmospheric total conent around St.Petersburg, retrieved from the automatic ground-based measurements of zenith-sky scattered visible solar radiation, are presented. The measurements acquired in 2009-2013 are compared with the data of satellite observations by the GOME (ERS-2), SCIAMACHY (ENVISAT) and OMI (AURA) instruments. Investigation of the disagreement revealed between the data of satellite and ground-based measurements allowed us to improve the ground-based method (DOAS technique) and reduce the average difference down to ~ 2 and ~ 20% for O 3 и NO 2 content, respectively. Remaining differences may be further reduced if the seasonal variability of calculated air mass factors is taken into account in the ground-based method.



6.
Climate classification by analysis оf the phases of temperature series

V.A. Tartakovsky, V.A. Krutikov, Yu.V. Volkov, N.N. Cheredko
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave.
Keywords: аналитический сигнал, фаза температурных рядов, климатические структуры, Евразия, analytic signal, phase of temperature series, climatic structures, Eurasia

Abstract >>
Analysis of the data series of the surface temperature from weather stations of Eurasia have been performed with use of analytic signals. The climatic classes are allocated by comparing the phase of the temperature series with an estimated phase during iterations. This computing technology is first applied to the study of climate processes. The new approach is informative and corresponds to the known concepts of the climate geography. It follows that phasing and synchronicity are essential features of climate processes on the Earth.



7.
Optical characteristics of the night sky over Eastern Siberia after the Chelyabinsk meteorite fall. II. Airglow

A.V. Mikhalev1, C.V. Podlesny1, N.V. Kostyleva1, E.S. Komarova2
1Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 664033, Irkutsk, 126a, Lermontova str.
2Irkutsk State University, 664003, Irkutsk, 1, Karl Marx Str.
Keywords: Челябинский метеорит, яркость ночного неба, собственное излучение атмосферы, эмиссии верхней атмосферы, Chelyabinsk meteorite, night sky brightness, airglow, emissions of the upper atmosphere

Abstract >>
We present observation results of airglow variations in emissions of OI 557.7 nm, OI 630 nm, and NaI 589.0-589.6 nm in Eastern Siberia after the Chelyabinsk meteorite fall on February 15, 2013. In the first nights, we discovered certain features of OI 557.7 nm, OI 630 nm, and NaI 589.0-589.6 nm emissions related to the changes of mean night intensities (OI 557.7 nm emission decrease, NaI 589.0-589.6 nm emission increase) and night variations in these emissions. A month after the fall of the Chelyabinsk meteorite, intervals were found with increasing intensities of OI 557.7 nm and NaI of 589.0-589.6 nm emissions as compared to preceding periods. Nature of some marked features of variations in OI 557.7 nm, OI 630 nm, and NaI 589.0-589.6 nm emissions does not exclude their possible coupling with the Chelyabinsk meteorite.



8.
On the method of determining meteorological air pollution potential

T.S. Selegei, N.N. Filonenko, T.N. Lenkovskaya
Siberian Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, 630099, Novosibirsk city, Sovetskaya street, 30
Keywords: метеорологический потенциал загрязнения атмосферы, рассеивающая способность атмосферы, метеоэлементы, концентрации загрязняющих веществ, инверсии, приземный слой атмосферы, индекс загрязнения атмосферы, meteorological air pollution potential, diffusing capacity of the atmosphere, meteorological parameters, air pollutant concentration, inversions, atmospheric surface layer, air pollution index

Abstract >>
The paper presents the improved method of determining meteorological air pollution potential (MAPP) based on the use of surface meteorological data available for any weather station in Russia. Testing of the methods was performed on the data obtained from 196 weather stations in Western Siberia during the period 1986 to 2010. Boundary conditions to distinguish areas with different meteorological resources for dispersion of pollutants were specified. Interannual and territorial variability of MAPP was analyzed. Correlation coefficients were found between the MAPP values and the levels of air pollution with both separate ingredients and a pollution index as a whole (APS 4).



9.
Nucleation bursts in the atmosphere over boreal zone in West Siberia. Part II. Formation and growth rates of nanoparticles

M.Yu. Arshinov1, B.D. Belan1, D.K. Davydov1, A.V. Kozlov1, A.S. Kozlov2, V.G. Arshinova1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya str., 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: нуклеационные всплески, образование новых частиц, скорость образования, скорость роста, наночастицы, nucleation bursts, new particle formation, formation rate, growth rate, nanoparticles

Abstract >>
In this paper a number size distribution of atmospheric nanoparticles has been analyzed with a view to estimate particle formation and growth rates during the nucleation bursts observed in the atmospheric surface layer over West Siberia. Estimates showed that during the period from March 2010 to August 2014, inclusively, new particle formation and growth rates ranged from 0.1 to 3.55 cm -3 × s -1 and from 0.26 to 53.04 nm × h -1, respectively. Results of continuous long-term observations recently carried out at two atmospheric monitoring stations located in Siberia point out a similarity of them with the frequency and main characteristics of nucleation bursts recorded in other regions of the boreal belt. Statistical data on nucleation bursts obtained in our region can be used when modeling the climate change and developing methods of their identification on a global scale with the use of satellite data.



10.
Аbоut measurement of the structure characteristic of atmospheric refractive index by passive optical methods

P.A. Konyaev, N.N. Botygina, L.V. Antoshkin, O.N. Emaleev, V.P. Lukin
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: атмосферная турбулентность, структурная постоянная, дрожание изображения, радиальная мира, атмосферная турбулентность, структурная постоянная, дрожание изображения, радиальная мира

Abstract >>
Development of a passive optical method for estimating the atmospheric turbulence strength (refractive index structure constant C n 2 of atmosphere) from image jitter is discussed. It is proposed that high rate digital camera and fast parallel 2-D image processing algorithms are used for real-time C n 2 measurements. A comparison is made of the results obtained by passive and active optical and acoustic methods.



11.
Estimation of aircraft wake vortex parameters from array of radial velocities measured by a coherent Doppler lidar

I.N. Smalikho1, V.A. Banakh1, F. Holzäpfel2, S. Rahm2
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the German Aerospace Center, 82234, Oberpfaffenhofen MГјnchener StraГџe, 20, Germany
Keywords: когерентный доплеровский лидар, самолетные вихри, coherent Doppler lidar, aircraft wake vortices

Abstract >>
A modified method of the radial velocities (RV) is offered. On the base of results of the numerical simulation that imitates operation of “Stream Line” and 2-mm pulsed coherent Doppler lidars (PCDL) we analyze accuracy of the estimation of aircraft wake vortex parameters using the RV method. Results are presented of field experiments carried out with the aim to obtain estimates for vortex axis trajectories and dependence of the vortex circulation on time from arrays of the radial velocity measured by these lidars. For the case of 2-mm PCDL we compared results given by methods of velocity envelopes and RV. The limits of applicability of the RV method have been determined.



12.
Processing sequence of thermograms in determining rotation frequency of the torch

M.V. Sherstobitov1, R.Sh. Tsvyk1, E.L. Loboda2
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: тепловизор, вихревое горение, излучение пламени, спектральный анализ сигнала, thermovisor, vortex combustion, emission from a flame, frequency signal analysis

Abstract >>
We explored fire torch’s radiation in laboratory conditions. Fire torch was burning from a tank, which was fixed at the axis of uprising flow of air. Ethanol was used as a fuel. The description of processing of a thermogram sequence of the twisted torch is presented. The rotation frequency was determined by FFT conversion of time pulsation of thermovision signal.



13.
Effective spectral device for Raman spectroscopy

D.V. Petrov1,2, I.I. Matrosov1, D.O. Sedinkin1, A.A. Tikhomirov1
1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave.
2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: спектроскопия спонтанного комбинационного рассеяния света, спектральное оборудование, Raman spectroscopy, spectral equipment

Abstract >>
The prototype of a developed compact spectral device for recording weak Raman spectra is described. Calibration method based on matching CCD pixels to neon lamp wavenumber is given. Linearity range of used Hamamatsu S10141 CCD output signal depending on the magnitude of incident light flux has been investigated.