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Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics

2015 year, number 4

1.
Calculation of methylcyanide line broadening coefficients: selfand nitrogen–broadening

N.N. Lavrentieva1,2, A.S. Dudaryonok1,2, J.V. Buldyreva3
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
3Institute UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
Keywords: line–broadening, symmetric top, methylcyanide, line–contour, intermolecular interactions

Abstract >>
Calculated self- and nitrogen-broadening coefficients of methylcyanide lines are presented. The calculations are performed at the room temperature (Ò = 296 K) for ~ 1 400 lines, rotational quantum numbers vary in ranges 0 ≤ J ≤ 70; 0 ≤ K ≤ 10. The temperature exponents for every value of broadening in the case of the Earth and Titan atmospheres temperature ranges are calculated. The calculations are made by a semi-empirical method, which is a modification of impact theory, based on the use of measured values of line contour parameters. A good agreement is obtained with experimental data.



2.
ÑÎ2 absorption in band wings

T.E. Klimeshina, T.M. Petrova, O.B. Rodimova, A.A. Solodov, A.M. Solodov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: continuum absorption, carbon dioxide, self-broadening, spectral line wings

Abstract >>
The CO2 absorption was measured in the 7 000 and 8 000 cm–1 region. Calculations of the absorption coefficient were performed using the asymptotic line wing shape theory. Line contour parameters were associated with the classical potential governing the center–of–mass motion and with the quantum potential of two interacting molecules. They were found from fitting the calculated absorption coefficient to experiment. The calculated coefficient values agree well with the measured data. According to the line wing theory the absorption in the band wings is due to the wings of the strong lines of adjacent band. With these assumptions experimental and calculated data on the CO2 absorption coefficient in the band wings in the 7 000 and 8 000 cm–1 regions can provide information on the line shape at frequency detunings from several tens to several hundreds of half-widths. The results obtained support the hypothesis that line shape parameters in the line wings related to the transitions with the same initial state appear to be close to each other. Deviations from the Lorentzian contour are defined for a set of CO2 bands. The former are found to be different for the wings of different bands.



3.
Ring dislocation of the degree of coherence of a vortex Bessel beam in turbulent atmosphere

I.P. Lukin
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: Bessel beam, vortex beam, optical radiation, atmospheric turbulence, coherence, ring dislocation

Abstract >>
The behavior of the degree of coherence of a coherent vortex Bessel optical beam propagating in a turbulent randomly inhomogeneous medium is theoretically considered. The influence of an optical vortex on the degree of coherence of the Bessel beam in a randomly inhomogeneous medium is studied. The analysis is based on the solution of the equation for the second-order mutual coherence function of optical beam field. On the basis of this solution, the behavior of the module of the second-order mutual coherence function (a degree of coherence), the vortex Bessel beam field is investigated. It is shown that at low levels of fluctuations in the turbulent atmosphere, in the central part of a two-dimensional field of the degree of coherence of vortex Bessel beams, the ring dislocation is formed; the number of rings is equal to value of a topological charge of an optical beam. The structure of a ring dislocation of the degree of coherence of vortex Bessel optical beams in turbulent atmosphere is studied in detail. For this purpose, two characteristics of the ring dislocation are introduced: the spatial coordinate and width of a ring. The influence of parameters of an optical beam (a cross-section wave number and a topological charge) and atmospheric turbulence (a coherence radius of a plane optical wave) on these characteristics of the ring dislocation of the degree of coherence of a vortex Bessel optical beam is considered.



4.
Experimental estimates of the structure parameter of the refractive index for optical waves in the surface air layer

V.A. Gladkikh, V.P. Mamyshev, S.L. Odintsov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: refractive index, surface air layer, structure parameter, diurnal behavior, ultrasonic anemometer-thermometer

Abstract >>
The paper analyzes the structure parameter of the refractive index of optical waves Cn2 in the surface air layer calculated from the structure parameter of the air temperature CT2. The Cn2 estimates obtained from data of an optical differential turbulence meter and ultrasonic anemometer-thermometers are compared. The systematic difference between these estimates at the high degree of correlation is noted. The diurnal mean profile of Cn2 in different seasons at territories with natural landscape and urban territory is obtained and analyzed.



5.
Localized light jets from radially symmetric non–spherical dielectric microparticles

Yu.E. Geints, A.A. Zemlyanov, E.K. Panina
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: photonic jet, method of computational electrodynamics, radially symmetric particles

Abstract >>
The results of numerical modeling of the light wave scattering near field (“photonic (nano)jet” — PNJ area) by radially symmetric nonabsorbing dielectric micron-sized particles are presented. It is shown that the homogeneous silica microparticles of different spatial shape and orientation form PNJ with different dimensions and amplitude parameters. Photonic nanojet from hemispheres possesses high extent but moderate intensity. Using of microaxicons provides for a record increase in the PNJ length of the order of twenty laser wavelength.



6.
Beam splitting algorithm for light scattering by atmospheric ice crystals.
Part 1. Theory

A.V. Konoshonkin1,2, N.V. Kustova2, A.G. Borovoi1,2
1National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: geometrical optics, beam splitting algorithm, light scattering, ice crystals

Abstract >>
The article discusses the theoretical basis of the beam splitting algorithm for the problem of light scattering by atmospheric ice crystals in the geometrical optics approximation. The paper considers the solution of light scattering problem in terms of Jones and Muller matrices, which is the basis of the beam splitting algorithm. Special attention is paid to the interface of the software implementation of the algorithm. The developed algorithm is freely available as open source software.



7.
Beam splitting algorithm for light scattering by atmospheric ice crystals.
Part 2. Comparison with the ray tracing algorithm

A.V. Konoshonkin1,2, N.V. Kustova2, A.G. Borovoi1,2
1National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: geometrical optics, beam splitting algorithm, light scattering, ice crystals

Abstract >>
In the work, we compare the beam splitting algorithm, providing a solution of light scattering problem of atmospheric ice crystal particles in the approximation of geometrical optics with the ray tracing algorithms developed by Russian and foreign authors. A good agreement of the results has been shown. The developed algorithm is freely available as an open source software.



8.
Optical model of the Earth's atmosphere for intense laser emission in the near and mid–infrared spectral ranges

S.V. Asanov1, V.V. Belov2, A.D. Bulygin2, Yu.E. Geintz2, V.V. Dudorov2, A.A. Zemlyanov2, A.B. Ignat’ev1, F.Yu. Kanev2, V.V. Kolosov2, P.A. Konyaev2, V.P. Lukin2, G.G. Matvienko2, V.V. Morosov1, V.V. Nosov2, Yu.N. Ponomarev2, I.V. Ptashnik2, M.V. Tarasenkov2
1JSC GSKB Almaz-Antey named after A.A. Raspletin, 80/16, Leningradsky av., Moscow, 125190, Russia
2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: laser emission, atmosphere, gas absorption, aerosol extinction, optical refraction, turbulent distortions, nonlinear optical effects, propagation

Abstract >>
An optical model of the Earth's atmosphere for the integral characteristics of intense laser radiation in the near and mid-infrared wavelengths propagating along high-altitude slant paths is presented. A feature of the model is a combined accounting for the linear and nonlinear optical effects in the atmosphere.



9.
Attenuation of THz radiation by water aerosol

B.G. Ageev1, Yu.N. Ponomarev1, E.N. Chesnokov2
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya str., 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: THz radiation, attenuation, water aerosol

Abstract >>
Results of the energy attenuation measurements of terahertz radiation from the free-electron laser by a model air-aerosol medium are presented. The spectral and concentration dependencies of energy attenuation are investigated. It was show that the attenuation is caused by aerosol particulates for the implemented experimental conditions.



10.
On the nature of radiation of blue and green jets at laboratory discharges initiated by runaway electrons

D.V. Beloplotov1,2, M.I. Lomaev1,2, V.F. Tarasenko1,2
1High Current Electronics Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 634055, Tomsk, 4, Academichesky ave. HCEI SB RAS
2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: pulse–periodic discharge initiated of runaway electrons, blue and green mini jets in air, nitrogen and argon of average pressure

Abstract >>
Performed spectroscopic and amplitude-temporal studies of jets in discharges initiated by runaway electrons have been studied. Pulse–periodic discharge was used. It is show that the color of the part of jets observed during laboratory discharges is determined by the radiation on transitions of vapour metal electrodes. It is found that blue mini jets from an electrode with a small radius of curvature appear in the cases of stainless steel and aluminum electrodes and are caused by radiation of atomic transitions of these metals. Green mini jets observed near copper electrodes are mainly caused by radiation of coper atomic transitions at wavelengths of 521.8 and 522 nm. It is confirmed that the jets of different colors appeare due to the bright spots on electrodes, as well as sparks in the discharge.



11.
Photoacoustic calorimetry of femtosecond laser pulses

A.N. Iglakova1, V.K. Oshlakov1, L.V. Seleznev2, B.A. Tikhomirov1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, 53 Leninskij Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: terawatt femtosecond laser, measurement of the energy characteristics, photoacoustic receiver

Abstract >>
To measure the energy of femtosecond laser pulses (248, 744, and 800 · 10–9 m), a photoacoustic receiver with a black body (as an absorbent element) and a condenser microphone (as a converter) placed in the enclosed volume with gas were tested. The device allows measurements of the energy of UV and IR laser pulses over a wide dynamic range (more than 80 dB with MK 221 microphone). The pulse repetition rate is up to 15 Hz, pulse duration, from 20 · 10–15 to 100 · 10–9 s, the threshold sensitivity, 10–9 J. High sensitivity of the receiver provides reliable measurements of energy of terawatt femtosecond laser pulses in the main absorption channel of radiation passing through the rotating mirror with a reflection coefficient close to 100%.



12.
Remote diagnostics of acetone, ethyl acetate, and isoprene in the atmosphere

L.P. Vorob’eva, A.V. Klimkin, A.N. Kuryak, M.M. Makogon, K.Yu. Osipov, Yu.N. Ponomarev
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: acetone, ethyl acetate, isoprene, Raman spectra cross sections of gases, remote diagnostics of gases, principal component analysis

Abstract >>
Raman cross sections in the gas phase for isoprene, acetone, ethyl acetate were determined. The possibility of remote multiwavelength diagnostics of these gases was studied. For processing the results of the experiment, the principal component analysis was used.



13.
Design and modeling of a photo–acoustic gas analyzer with a termal source for carbon isotope ratio analysis

K.Yu. Osipov1,2, V.A. Kapitanov1, Yu.N. Ponomarev1, A.I. Karapuzikov3
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
3Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS, Ac. Lavrentyev's prosp., 13/3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: gas analysis, carbon isotope ratios, photoacoustic detector, absorbtion spectrum, Fabry–Perot interferometer

Abstract >>
It is represented the scheme of work and numerical modeling of a photoacoustic gas analyzer with IR–source and 1–st order interference filter for carbon isotope ratios analysis. An optimal spectral range for gaz analyzer operation is selected. In the selected wavelength range, the spectral characteristics of the atmosphere and some additional gazes are analyzed, which could affect the measurement results. The proposed gas analyzer allows us to measure carbon isotope ratios 13Ñ/12Ñ in CO2 samples with a minimal error of about 0.5‰, and could be useful for detection of such gases as SO2, CO, NH3, absorption lines of which exist in the selected spectral range.



14.
The global challenge of the XXI century. Pan–Eurasian experiment: PEEX — the response of the scientific community on climate change and the environment of Northern Eurasia




15.
XII International Conference "Pulsed lasers on transitions of atoms and molecules"
September 14–18, 2015, Tomsk, Russia