Concepts of the emergence of ancient proto-science in modern historiography
B.V. Davydov
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
Keywords: proto-science, rational methods, scientific knowledge, natural science, Ancient Greece of the 6-4th centuries B.C.
Abstract
The paper systematizes and analyzes principal trends in the study of the emergence of ancient proto-science. The author considers domestic and foreign sources and suggests five main hypotheses of how rational methods and theories of scientific knowledge appeared in Ancient Greece of the 6–4th centuries B.C. By analyzing these hypotheses in detail, he reveals two main assumptions about relation between a subject of study and considerable political activity of population in the history of Ancient Greece of the mentioned period. Dwelling at length on political and legal principles of polises, he projects his results onto medicine and acknowledges parallelism between political discourse and philosophical arguments in ancient society.
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