Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2009 number 1

The article is devoted to perception as a mental process of cognition of the content presented in the school biology textbooks. The textbook is a basic means of education at school, and perception is a basic means of cognition. The aim of the article is to consider the conditions of the development of perception as a stage of cognition in the organization of pupil's work with the textbooks.
There is presented in the article an analysis of the modern biology textbooks, an explanation of unit's structure, a description of usage of the text and the additional texts from the textbooks. The author considers the peculiarities of pupils' perception and gives some recommendations to the teachers.

The article presents the results of analyzing the main aspects of functioning of the forms of historical conscience in the life activity of human society. There are uncovered the important peculiarities of the historical memory as a form of historical conscience, on one hand, and of scientific knowledge about the past, on the other hand. There is substantiated the necessity to direct the historical education towards the purposes of translating the structures of historical memory.  Such an orientation is the main condition of realizing the upbringing and identification functions of historical education.

The author examines the influence of ideals and norms of post-nonclassical science on today's studying history at school. The paper presents the results of the author's investigation into senior pupils' ideas concerning scientific truth and conditions of its achievement in the course of historical research. The paper states that the transition to senior school age is marked by increasing number of students sharing the views of post-nonclassical science. The pupils are aware of this paradigm of scientific knowledge and its influence on historical knowledge, the research toolkit of the historians, their values and priorities.