Home – Home – Jornals – Contemporary Problems of Ecology 2008 number 6

The process of the formation of contemporary biosphere was directed to consistent settling the biota throughout all the terrestrial spheres, i.e. hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere. The appearance of a definite form of soil formation corresponded to each stage: the underwater form for hydrozemic stage, the swampy form for atmozemic stage, the land form for lithozemic stage. The soil, its composition and properties corresponded to the level of the evolutional development of the biota and promoted the involvement of new potential habitats into the biospheric cycle.

A quantitative description of the cycles of matter within the limits of separate ecosystems and matter fluxes between ecosystems lying on the same caten

Results of the complex investigation of large-scale damage of forests in the Baikal region under the action of industrial pollution are presented. An approach to distinguish the areas affected by specific industrial centers is considered. The physiological condition of the weakened treestands is assessed using a set of parameters. The role of the secondary factors in the forest decline is determined. An approach to the complex phytotoxic mapping of the polluted areas is elaborated.

The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Cu, Cd) in the soil of the southern part of the Zeya-Bureya Plain and their subsequent distribution over the trophic chain: plant fodder

The distribution of the species diversity of the Altai-Sayan lichen biota was studied within the boundaries of the Altay and Krasnoyarsk territories, Kemerovo and Novosibirsk Regions, the Republic of Altay, Khakasia and Tyva, Kazakhstan, Mongolia. At present, the level of the diversity achieves 1765 species from 318 genera and 94 families. For the first time, the data on the diversity of lichen biota for the nine largest regions of the Southern Siberia are presented.

The paper focuses on investigating the densities of different trophic groups of soil microorganism, cellulose decomposition rates, and respiration of cryogenic forest soils in the north of Central Siberia and those of the southern taiga subzone, including those affected by surface wildfires. Psychrophilic bacteria and micromycetes were found to dominate these soil complexes. The biological activity of the upper soil horizon in the north appeared to be close to that in the south, although the growing season in the former area is shorter compared to the latter.

The EPR spectroscopic investigation of the samples of sphagnum mosses collected at the background and industry-affected regions within the boundaries of an oil deposit situated in the southern zone of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra was carried out. It was shown that the intensity of EPR spectra in plants varies. An exponential dependence of the intensity of the EPR signal of free radicals on the temperature of sample heating was established. Experiments with prelimin

Nitrogen cycles and peculiarities of spring wheat-sowed agroecosystem functioning were investigated on different types of soil polluted by fluorides from aluminum production. A disbalance between nitrogen fluxes directed towards the external and intra-soil cycles was found to be higher in gray forest soil agroecosystems characterized by the low buffer capacity with respect to fluorides than in turf-meadow soil. Stable functioning of agroecosystems on turf-meadow soil (stress regime) is maintained by intense nitrogen recirculation.

Chemical composition and enzymatic activity of the peat soil of a river plain bog ecosystem are considered. The biochemical processes were revealed to be most active in the peat soil in the region near the river bed and in the central part of the river plain which is formed under rich mineral nutrition and aerobic conditions. This is explained by the soil functioning conditions.

Results of the analysis of variability of organism characteristics (plants and Drosophila melanogaster) under the action of Tyumen oil are presented. The most adequate to the goals of the ecological genetic screening and monitoring are estimations of prolificacy, account of mutation frequency and an

Some indices of the individual variability of the annual growth of trees in the larch sparse growth of trees of Khakasia are compared. Under the conditions of Shira forest-steppe, larch is characterized by the high sensitivity of annual growth and a broad range of responses to changes in vegetation conditions. The advantage of the trees of medium growth sensitivity is maintained by the stabilizing selection. These trees are distinguished by the highest vitality. A direct connection of the adaptive norm of the reaction of the population and the individual variability of growth indices with the total annual amount of precipitation was revealed. The genetic structure of the population is depicted to a higher extent by the index of sensitivity of annual growth.

It is shown that the depth and degree of frost penetration in the leached chernozem (black soil) of Presalairya were minimal in an extremely snow-rich hydrological year when the amount of water accumulated in snow was twice as large as the norm.

The features of the accumulation of reduced products in the soil of the initial, organics-accumulating, sod and humus-accumulating soil-formation stages are investigated in the industry-affected landscapes of the Kuznetsky Basin. The importance of secondary pedogenic reduced products in the transformation of the initial (primary) lithogenic oxidation-reduction systems is considered.

Multi-annual (1992

The structure of the isolated population of hybrid peony Paeonia hybrida Pall. (Paeoniaceae), the species recorded in the Red Book of Russian Federation (1988) and a number of Russian regions, located at a distance of about 1.5 thousand kilometers from the main natural habitat of this species, is investigated at the territory of the Bashkir trans-Ural region using the isoenzyme markers of 11 loci. Relatively high levels of the genetic diversity were revealed in two detected ecotopes (the average number of alleles A = 1.9

The quantitative determination of Pb, V, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Hg in the plants growing on oil-polluted territories of the Western Surgut deposit in the Khanty