Home – Home – Jornals – Contemporary Problems of Ecology 2026 number 3

The paper presents results of investigation of a natural Ib-IaA diamond containing Y-defects from Yubileinaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia. Analysis of spatial distribution of nitrogen-related A- and C-centers and intensity of infrared (IR) absorption at Raman frequency (1332 cm^-1) reveals anticorrelation between these defects. Transmission electron microscopy of a zone with abundant Y-defects shows presence of dislocations in various configurations and numerous clusters of point defects generated by non-conservative dislocation movement. Extended defects with shape resembling thin (1-3 nm) rhombic plates with the largest dimension up to 5-20 nm are observed. Analysis of contrast of these defects shows that they represent nanosized voids (vacancy clusters). It is suggested that the defects were formed by annihilation of dislocation dipoles with subsequent growth by consumption of vacancies produced by non-conservative motion of dislocations. Upon excitation by 787 nm laser, numerous narrow photoluminescence lines are observed between 800-900 nm, their intensity and position show pronounced spatial heterogeneity on scale of few microns. Qualitatively similar behavior was earlier noted for hydrogenated nanodiamonds. It is suggested that the unusual behavior of the luminescence lines may be explained by recombination processes on internal walls of the discovered nanovoids.

Round diamonds of Variety V according to Yu.L. Orlov are endemic representatives of placers of the northeast of the Siberian Platform. Their primary source has not yet been identified which makes it difficult to estimate the age of these crystals. Geochemical features (δ¹³С from -17 to -25‰, N_ppm from 1200 to 2000) indicate a contribution of subducted materials in their formation. Two diamond crystals that constitute the intergrowth studied in this work have δ¹³C of -20.8 and -20.7‰ and nitrogen impurity concentrations of 1693-2036 and 1568-1953 at. ppm, respectively. Zircon inclusions with δ¹⁸O = 7.9-8.8‰ found in one of these crystals have a U-Pb age of 262.5 ± 2.7 and 232.6 ± 3.0 Ma. The zircon inclusion with an older age may reflect early stages of the intergrowth formation or its constituent diamond crystal fragments, or it could be protogenetic in origin. We argue that the crystallization substrate and source material for this sample originated from a fragment of subducted oceanic crust containing organic sediments and hydrothermally altered basalts. The studied diamond was transported to the surface no earlier than the Triassic episode of kimberlite magmatism on the Siberian craton.

The paper is concerned with experimental studies aimed at assessing the possibility of diamond crystallization during interactions of alkaline-earth and transition metal carbonates with sulfur and at characterizing the obtained diamond crystals and inclusions in them. The experiments were carried out on a multi-anvil high-pressure “split sphere” apparatus (BARS) at constant P - T - t parameters: 6.3 GPa, 1550 °C, and duration of 20 h, in the Mg,Ca-carbonate-sulfur system with different CaO/MgO ratios and in the Fe,Mg,Ca-carbonate-sulfur system with variable FeO/CaO/MgO proportions. It has been experimentally established that in the alkaline-earth carbonate-sulfur systems, a Ca,Mg-carbonate melt with dissolved sulfur (1.2-6.0 wt.%) forms, which is a diamond growth medium. An octahedron is the stable growth form of diamond crystals, and an increase in the Ca# value of the system is accompanied by an increase in the growth rate of the {111} faces. In the Fe,Mg,Ca-carbonate-sulfur system, Fe,Mg,Ca-carbonate melt with dissolved sulfur is shown to be the crystallization medium and the source of diamond carbon, and diamond growth occurs as a result of the redox interaction of the sulfide and carbonate melts. An increase in the Fe# value of the system from 0.41 to 0.78 is accompanied by: (1) an increase in the growth rate of the {100} faces; (2) a change in the predominant elements of the octahedron face microrelief from triangular growth layers to hexagonal vicinals; and (3) an increase in the number and size of inclusions and the evolution of their phase composition. Inclusions in diamond form as a result of the melt preservation on the {100} faces during the transformation of a cuboctahedron into an octahedron. The inclusions contain quenched carbonate melt (quenching phases are carbonate, magnetite, and graphite), sulfur melt, and Fe-S-O melt. The revealed carbonate + magnetite + graphite assemblage in the inclusions testifies to a siderite redox dissociation reaction at the P - T parameters of the lithospheric mantle. These results shed light on the possible origin of magnetite inclusions in upper-mantle diamonds and suggest that the presence of magnetite in syngenetic inclusions is an indicator of the participation of iron-bearing carbonates in natural diamond formation processes.

The composition of stable oxygen isotopes ¹⁸O/¹⁶O was determined in peat samples and ɑ-cellulose isolated from a peat bog in the Bolotisty Stream valley, Khor River basin, Central Sikhote-Alin. Their vertical variability was traced in peat section that began to accumulate ~10530 cal. yr BP. The δ¹⁸O_cel values range from 12.8 to 19.8‰, and δ¹⁸O_total – from 13.6 to 23‰. An increase in δ¹⁸O_total values was recorded up the peat bog section. Significant changes in the vertical distribution of δ¹⁸O_cel values, which are indirect indicators of hydroclimatic changes, were revealed. The influence of the botanical composition of peat-forming plants on the oxygen isotope composition was analyzed. Based on the minimum values of δ¹⁸O_cel, 19 short-term cold events were identified, their ages were determined, and compared with regional and global events. As a rule, cold events coincided with solar activity minima and were accompanied by a decrease in moisture. The activation of the Siberian High and Okhotsk High, which intensified the effect of cooling, played a major role in the atmospheric circulation during these periods. In some periods, heavy snowfalls associated with an increased frequency of southern cyclones may have influenced the decrease in δ¹⁸O_cel values. More detailed data were obtained for the middle Holocene, when the peat accumulation rate was highest. It was established that the Holocene Optimum was heterogeneous and had a complex structure. The oxygen isotope data recorded a reorganization of the climate from the Holocene Optimum to cooler conditions 5670–5410 cal. yr BP. In the late Holocene, a cold event of 4460–4220 cal. yr BP and a cooling event culminating at 1480 cal. yr BP, comparable to the global event of 1600–1400 cal. yr. BP, were clearly manifested. In the last millennium, cooling events coincided with the Oort, Maunder, and possibly Dalton minima of solar activity.

Based on the analysis of geological and geophysical data obtained over the past 20-25 years, a refined scheme of petroleum-geological zoning of the Lena-Tunguska petroleum province is proposed. In substantiating the boundaries of the petroleum regions, lithofacies zoning factors were significantly used along with tectonic zoning. According to modern structural reconstructions, the areas of the Katanga and Syugdzher saddles have significantly decreased in size. Based on this, it is proposed to abandon the identification of the Katanga and Syugdzher petroleum regions. The Central Tunguska petroleum region is distinguished in place of the Syugdzher and northern parts of the Katanga petroleum region. The Vanavara independent petroleum region is distinguished in the south of the Katanga petroleum region. The southern boundary of the North Tunguska petroleum region is drawn along the southern boundary of the Great Siberian System of Cambrian Barrier Reefs. The North Aldan Oil and Gas Region was divided into the Srednelena, Aldan, and Aldan-Mai regions. New data on the geological structure of the Lena-Tunguska province allowed the inclusion of the Anabar-Khatanga and Lena-Anabar Oil and Gas Regions. For each oil and gas region, the most promising levels are substantiated.

Throughout the country's history, replenishing the oil and gas resource base has been a paramount state objective. Due to the state's priority in subsurface exploration, a vast fuel and energy complex was formed in a short period. For several decades now, the West Siberian oil and gas province has been the largest region in terms of hydrocarbon reserves and resources. Over all these years, the Tyumen region, including its autonomous okrugs, has produced 14.3 billion tons of oil out of a total of 27.6 billion tons for the entire country. Gas production amounted to 23.2 trillion cubic meters out of 27.6 trillion cubic meters. The discovery and development of Western Siberia's oil and gas potential is the result of the successful implementation of a large-scale scientific, industrial, and socio-economic project. Currently, the fields of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra and the Nadym-Pur-Taz region, which have provided the main oil and gas production for several decades, are in a declining trend. The transition to a state-oriented mineral resource policy, based on a long-term subsurface exploration strategy, is necessary. The management system for the oil and gas sector of the economy should legally originate from a state structure endowed with economic functions.

Bed-by-bed description of five mainly red-colored terrigenous sections of the lower Ordovician sedimentary complex of the Teletskoe Lakeside Altai is presented. Only ichnofossils were discovered, whereas in the overlain (Darriwilian) strata taxonomically diverse trilobite, ostracod, brachiopod, nautiloid, gastropod and conodont assemblages were recovered. The two new Kalychak –Izhun and Kalalu Bodies characterized by basal conglomerates were defined. The lower body unconformably overlain with a huge stratigraphic gap the Lower Cambrian effusive-terrigenous and carbonate sediments, and the upper Kalalu Body overlain the Kalychak-Izhun Body with azimuthal unconformity. The analysis of lithology has revealed numerous phenomena indicating the formation of the Kalychak-Izhun and Kalalu sediments in eolian (dune), lake, river, and delta facies environments. Ichnofossils recovered from the upper part of the Kalalu Body confirm the conclusion about the continental and transitional to marine sedimentary environments for these two red-colored terrigenous strata. According to defined stratigraphic succession Kalalu Body with some degree of convention, is aligned with the lower part of Middle Ordovician (Dapingian), and underlain Kalychak-Izhun Body, also conventionally, with the upper part of Lower Ordovician (Floian).

This study investigates the effectiveness of single and ensemble classifiers for financial fraud detection based on account-to-account money transfer data. We considered Recurrent Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks, Autoencoders, as well as ensemble methods such as Random Forest, XGBoost, and stacking; simple voting was additionally applied to the neural network models. Experiments were conducted using a large-scale, real-world labeled dataset of transaction records. Classification performance was evaluated using Precision, Recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC metrics. Computational efficiency was assessed based on training time, inference time, memory usage, and average CPU load. The experimental results demonstrated that the stacking ensemble method achieves the highest accuracy, although it is the most resource-intensive. Meanwhile, the accuracy of more efficient boosting and bagging methods is slightly lower but remains comparable to stacking.

The article proposes an algorithm for identifying a model for organizational systems with distributed decision-making centers in conditions of bounded rationality. The method includes the definition of the object and subjects of management, the formation of a system of attributes and the vector formalization of goal functions, taking into account priorities. The approach provides an opportunity for a formal description of conflicts of interest and coordination of managerial influences in a decentralized management environment. The applicability of the approach is shown by the example of the control system of a shipbuilding enterprise.

An important trend in the development of the global economy at the beginning of the 21st century was the increasing role of digital products in the management of production processes. In the modern world, digital transformation is one of the main factors of harmonious economic growth. The mining industry is also not left out of the digital transformation, although the pace of implementation of information and communication technologies should be recognized as not high. The engine of digitalization of the industry can be the exploration sector, the main product of which is information about the deposit, based on the processing and analysis of a huge amount of data presented in various formats. Their processing requires the creation and implementation of specialized software products that collect, store, format, and analyze information. When making a management decision on the use of digital tools in production activities, taking into account the significant initial costs of implementation, it is necessary to evaluate not only the quality characteristics of the product, but also the economic efficiency of its use. The article presents an analysis of the development of digital technologies in the mining industry identifies the reasons for the lag of digitalization in the mineral resource sector compared to other sectors of the economy. The necessity of applying an assessment of economic efficiency in making managerial decisions when implementing digital products at a mining enterprise is substantiated. A methodology for evaluating the economic effectiveness of software products has been developed, which consists of an algorithm and calculated indicators. The technique has been successfully tested at the mining enterprises of Polymetal JSC and has shown its practical significance.

This paper addresses the problem of detecting cognitive fatigue in online learning environments using eye-tracking data. The proposed approach combines statistical analysis (Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA) with machine learning classification. Based on a publicly available dataset containing 2,784 observations with 41 eye-tracking parameters (including pupil diameter, fixation duration, time to first fixation, and peak saccade velocity), the study classifies fatigue levels into three categories: low, moderate, and high. Three classifiers are compared: Naïve Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Random Forest. The results show that Random Forest achieves the highest performance with 87 % accuracy, 86.6 % recall, and 86.9 % F1-score. A strong negative correlation (r = -0.74) is revealed between pupil diameter and fatigue level, indicating pupil constriction as a reliable fatigue marker. Limitations associated with remote webcam-based eye-tracking (lower sampling rate and reduced accuracy compared to lab-grade equipment) are discussed. The findings confirm the feasibility of real-time cognitive fatigue monitoring for adaptive e-learning systems that adjust instructional content based on the learner’s mental state.

The development of rural tourism is urgent to Russia, which makes the related phenomena interesting for the scientific treatment. The objective of the present work is a study of the integration of goat farming and tourism via analysis of the content of a sample of cases. The material is the information extracted from advertisements linked (directly or indirectly) to goat farming and leisure-recreation services. A total of twenty cases was established. The content-analysis procedures include the determination of the principal profiles of entrepreneurial activity, the delineation of tourism elements, and the score-based evaluation of the significance of the latter in the general activities. It is established that the integration of goat farming and tourism appears widely in the country’s space. It is based either on goat farming and production and selling of its products or pure recreation. The main tourism elements are tasting goat milk and related products, master classes, leisure events, photo sessions with goats and excursions. Generally, the studied cases demonstrate a dichotomy. A part of them is related to so-called «primitive» agritourism (leisure-recreation services supplementary to farming), and another part is related to the special development of rural tourism. Such a dichotomy seems to be practically useful, and the integration of goat farming and tourism shows the evident potential. The latter is especially notable due to the perspectives of clustering rural, gastronomic and health tourism. Moreover, the studied cases indicate on the positive effects from the integration of goat farming and tourism for strengthening the traditional values of the Russian society, including those related to family and labor.

The article examines institutional and price distortions of competition in the system of public procurement of the Russian Federation. Based on a comparative analysis of domestic scholarly approaches to the study of competitive processes within the contract system, key factors contributing to the decline in competition are identified. Using data from the Unified Information System and official statistics for the period 2020-2025, it is established that anti-competitive activity has shifted from aggressive price dumping toward “soft collusion”, aimed at maximizing margins while maintaining minimal formal price reductions that preserve the appearance of competitive bidding. A set of measures is proposed, including the introduction of automated “soft collusion” indicators at the procurement planning stage to eliminate structural barriers.

The article outlines the cultural, historical and technological prerequisites, features and factors of structural and substantive changes taking place in modern world tourism and related industries. It is proved that digitalization acts as an unconditional catalyst for changes in the behavior patterns of consumers of tourist services, as evidenced by the results of research conducted by the World Tourism and Travel Council, as well as the World Tourism Organization. The generalization of existing foreign experience in terms of the transformation of consumer behavior convincingly indicates the shift of a number of actions for organizing tourist trips to an online format - starting from the choice of routes and practical travel logistics, the choice of accommodation facilities, ending with the exchange of impressions, assessments, and emotions of tourists.

The Bulgarian National Revival is one of the historical periods in Bulgaria that has been extensively studied by historians, both from the perspective of national liberation movements and in terms of the socio-economic transformations that occurred in various spheres of public life. This paper examines the development of accounting practices in the Bulgarian lands during this period by outlining the distinct stages through which accounting evolved during the Bulgarian National Revival, together with the related terminological changes and the transformation of accounting documents. The study also highlights the relationship between historical events and the development of accounting within this historical context. The article provides a historical overview of key events and presents Turkish lexical borrowings that were used in accounting practice in the Bulgarian lands at that time and formed part of the contemporary culture and social life. These terms are presented in Bulgarian to preserve their authenticity and are explained in Russian to facilitate readers’ understanding of their meaning.

In the context of the active development of the digital retail sector and the involvement of digital retail facilities in retail services, the indicators used in practice to assess the state of retail trade are losing their socio-economic significance. In the article, the author presents a methodological approach to the assessment of retail services, based on the application of the principles and methods of calculating the integral indicator of retail services, taking into account the relationship between the indicators of traditional and digital retail segments.

In today’s context of geopolitical instability and accelerated energy transition, defining strategic development vectors for the oil industry plays a significant role in shaping the industry’s sustainable development. This article proposes a mechanism for mitigating and eliminating risks and threats in the oil industry as a basis for defining strategic development directions for this market segment. Energy foresight served as a link between the risk management process and scenario-based development of the oil industry. Energy foresight is a key element in developing a long-term strategy, ensuring the sustainable development of the oil industry. As part of the energy foresight, a map of oil industry development trends was developed by identifying short-, medium-, and long-term periods and low, medium, and high levels of influence of trends on the oil industry’s development. The study also developed a Roadmap for the Development of the Russian Oilfield Services Industry. A forecast for reducing import dependence in oilfield services is presented, based on three development scenarios: stabilization, modernization, and transformation. The creation of a National Innovation and Technology Center for Oilfield Services Development is proposed, which will ensure the intensive development of oilfield services in the Russian Federation. The presented strategic vectors for the development of the oil industry and oilfield services will contribute to the sustainable development of the fuel and energy complex.

This article is devoted to the identification and assessment of the consequences of the introduction of a new document in the field of accounting regulation. The consequences were identified by identifying uncertainties and subjectivity in the application of the provisions of this document as the causes of distortion of information used in the development and justification of various management decisions. For this purpose, the regulatory acts of the legislation on accounting and related branches of law were studied. As a result, uncertainties have been identified, as well as collisions and conflicts between this document and other regulatory acts in this area.

The article examines the impact of digital transformation on the banking sector through the lens of the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of the author’s methodological approach to assessing borrowers’ creditworthiness, based on the integration of explicable AI (XAI) algorithms and analysis of behavioral patterns from open digital sources. Barriers and risks of implementation have been identified, and an algorithm for minimizing regulatory restrictions has been proposed.

The theory of geographic parthenogenesis initially described differences in the territorial distribution of sexual and parthenogenetic forms of animals, but then it was extrapolated to apomictic plants. It was argued that apomicts differ from their sexual relatives by larger ranges, preferential distribution in northern latitudes and at a high altitude. New information on the geographic distribution of sexual and apomictic species has been accumulated in recent decades. An analytical review of these data is given in this article. It is shown that the distribution of apomicts does not always agree with the above trends, and some of apomicts even demonstrate opposite trends. Belonging to the same genus does not guarantee the same patterns of distribution of apomicts and amphimicts. The most controversial position of the theory of geographic parthenogenesis is the assertion that apomictic plants are attracted to high altitudes. Possible prerequisites for the specific geographical distribution of apomicts are discussed. It is suggested that the reasons for the lack of uniform trends in the territorial distribution of apomicts and related amphimicts may be different ways of mode of apomicts origin and their evolutionary age, the diversity of apomixis types and limiting factors that plants encounter during dispersal.

The article presents a new tree-ring network of chronologies for Scots pine and Siberian larch for the Republic of Khakassia. The key difference compared to previous researchers who had previously constructed two chronology networks for the region under consideration is the establishment of trial plots in the rain shadow on elevated habitats (hill slopes, cuestas) on the western border of the Minusinsk basins. Analysis of the main statistical parameters of the new chronology network showed that, with the exception of first-order autocorrelation, there are no significant differences between the two tree species. Based on the results of cluster and correlation analyses, regional chronologies for Scots pine and Siberian larch were obtained (by generalizing local tree-ring chronologies). Verification of the new network with previously published chronologies for the study area showed that some of them contain obvious errors. The use of such chronologies without corrections for paleoclimatic reconstructions, dating of materials from historical buildings, etc. may lead to distortion of research results. Of no less importance is the use of modern (digital) methods for measuring tree-ring parameters to improve the quality of tree-ring chronologies. The fact that even the most distant chronologies (up to 230 km in a straight line) for different tree species are in good agreement with each other in the future will allow us to significantly expand the dendrochronological network by including new areas (primarily pine forests of the Republic of Tyva and Krasnoyarsk Krai). In the future, this can significantly increase the existing potential of pine and larch forests in the south of Siberia for conducting a comprehensive analysis of the growth of woody vegetation in the forest-steppe over the past millennium and performing paleoclimatic reconstructions.

The article discusses the diagnosis of the environmental situation in the affected area of the Karelian Okatysh iron ore mining and processing plant (Republic of Karelia), based on changes in the width of annual tree rings and the chemical composition of wood (Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn) of Pinus sylvestris. Geoecological studies were conducted on the plant’s territory in Kostomuksha and on background monitoring stations in the Kostomuksha Nature Reserve. Radial growth is limited by air and soil temperatures, precipitation, evaporation throughout the year, and, in particular, during the growing season. Edaphic factors manifest themselves through a decrease in radial increments with increasing content of poorly decomposed organic matter in soils. Since the start of the construction of the plant in 1978, climatic and edaphic conditions in the impact area have been affected by anthropogenic factors related to aerotechnogenic emissions of Fe, K, V, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cd and Cr. The chemical composition of wood is mainly influenced by the underlying rock composition, with the ore components Fe-Mn-V-Ni-Cr-Ti being present in the area of the plant. In the period 1978_-2023, parageneses of Mg-Sr-K-Ti-Zn-Ca-Ba reflect pollution from mining activities, while Mn-Cd-Zn is linked to vehicle emissions. Dendroindicators reflect local environmental transformations near production sites, quarries, dumps, tailings, railway tracks, and pulp pipelines. In Kostomuksha, pollution is also noted along highways and intersections. The integral bioindication parameter BIP, based on the Harrington desirability function, indicates a relatively favorable state of organisms and a low level of disturbance. The effectiveness of dendroindication and BIP for environmental assessment has been demonstrated.

This paper presents the first results of tracking the autumn migration of adult Slaty-backed Gull (Larus schistisagus) using GPS-GSM loggers from a breeding colony in the northern Sea of Okhotsk (Tauyskaya Bay) to the wintering region (Hokkaido Island). The migration distance (2.6-4.3 thousand km) classifies the Okhotsk Sea population as “long-distance migrants.” Like other large white-headed gulls, Pacific Gulls employed a “fly-and-forage” migration strategy during autumn, with significant variation in routes and individual travel tactics, utilizing individual experience in selecting stopover sites. The gulls preferred coastal migration routes and exhibited flexible travel behavior. Both birds used overland and open-sea crossings to shorten their path and were active during the day and at twilight. The autumn migration of Pacific Gulls was characterized by a low overall migration speed, a close trophic association with Far Eastern salmon, and the use of anthropogenic food sources - following fishing vessels and utilizing fish processing waste and food scraps in settlements.

Based on materials gathered during late summer periods from 1954 to 2016 across the plains and mountains of West Siberia, we analyzed the zonation and provincial aspects of common vole (Microtus arvalis) distribution. Overall, the species is abundant throughout the region. On the West Siberian Plain, it prefers open and often cultivated habitats. In the forest-steppe zone, especially in steppe landscapes where its numbers peak, it shows preference towards partially flooded and swampy biotopes. Across the mountainous territories of West Siberia, Microtus arvalis predominantly inhabits open and less frequently mosaic lowland biotopes, particularly in agricultural lands and urbanized environments. Cluster analysis of abundance coefficients resulted in five categories of habitat suitability: optimal, sub-optimal, sub-pessimistic, pessimistic, and extreme (where the species was not detected). This classification established correlations between spatial heterogeneity of species abundance and environmental factors and their combinations (modes). For the common vole, three groups of environmental gradients can be distinguished related to its spatial distribution: thermo-hydrological conditions (including variations in heat and moisture ratios within different zones and provinces); vegetation-related gradients (vegetation type, degree of woodedness, tree composition); and local impact factors (agricultural land use, wetlands, floods, human settlement presence).

The purpose of the study was to conduct histological and morphometric research on kidney tissue in small mammals inhabiting the Norilsk-Pyasinsky ecosystem. Three locations were identified at different distances from the industrial sites of the Norilsk mining and metallurgical complex. Thirteen mammals were captured at three sites, including 10 males and 3 females. Kidney tissues of wild mouse-like rodents were studied. Histological and morphometric methods were employed in the research. Hematoxylin-eosin was used for staining the histological sections of the kidneys. The following morphometric parameters were determined in the kidney histological section: 1) percentage of non-sclerotic renal glomeruli (%); 2) percentage of sclerotic renal glomeruli (%); 3) total area of glomeruli (μmІ); 4) total area of the capillary network of the renal glomeruli (μmІ). The database was created in Microsoft Excel. Statistical processing was carried out using the “Statistika 10.0” program. Reliable data was obtained indicating structural pathomorphological changes in the kidney tissues of rodent-like animals inhabiting the studied areas. During the study, a pattern was revealed: the closer the habitat area is to industrial enterprises, the higher the percentage of sclerosed renal glomeruli against a background of a low number of functioning nephrons. The identified pathological disorders led to the development of renal failure in organs with varying degrees of severity, resulting in reversible (dystrophic) and irreversible (necrotic) changes depending on the habitat of the animals. The specificity of the changes in the kidneys of the animals may be the result of the action of exogenous intoxications (poisoning) in the inhabited areas.

In the floodplain landscapes of the Norilo-Pyasino lake-river system along the line the Daldykan River - the Ambarnaya River - the Pyasino Lake - the Pasina River - the Kara Sea changes in the alluvial soils properties were studied, specifically the content of chemical elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Mo, B, S, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, in soils and plants of the Carex, Salix, Eguisetum genera and the Poaceae family. Natural factors were found to determine the difference between soils in granulometric composition, increased Cu, Ni and Co in soils and plants, surplus Fe and Mn and insufficient P, Zn and Mo in plants. The impact of technogenic contamination of the floodplains of the Daldykan, and Ambarnaya Rivers up to the Pyasino Lake was proven to increase soil acidity and total Cu, Ni and Co content, as well as the concentration of the mobile forms of soil S-SO4, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr. Due to the changes in the contaminated soils composition and properties, plants accumulated Cu, Co and B in excessive and Ni in toxic for plants and animals concentrations. Both natural and technogenic factors determined the increased, as compared with their Clarke number, content of As, Cd, Hg, Pb in plants, but not exceeding the maximal permissible concentrations in forage plants, and decreased plant P, Ca, Zn, Mo content, making it insufficient for the normal supply of the elements to agricultural animals. Since in the West Taimyr area the share of territories with technogenically contaminated soils and plants is not large, their negative effect on the reindeer diet will not be significant.

The dynamics of the abundance and distribution patterns of mycelial fungi, yeasts and bacteria were studied in the soil of a bilberry-sphagnum birch forest in the Yaroslavl region, taking into account the biogeochemical background, and the contribution of fungi and bacteria to the net ammonification process was determined using inhibitor analysis. Bacteria were predominant in the birch forest soil (43.5-98.7 %), while the mycobiota included fungi of the genus Penicillium (1-80 %) and yeast (0-88 %). A relationship was established between the abundance of all groups of microorganisms and pH; mycelial fungi with the content of Corg and NН⁺₄, the C/N ratio and C-CO₂ emission; yeast with soil moisture. The dynamics of the numbers of fungi, yeasts and bacteria in the upper soil horizon were close and negatively correlated with seasonal changes in ammonification ( r = -0.86 - -0.97). In the At1 horizon, the contribution of fungi to ammonification prevailed over bacteria, 208 ± 5 and 121 ± 3 mg N/100 g. In the peaty layer (A_t2 horizon), a slight predominance of fungal activity over bacteria was noted 98 ± 4 and 72 ± 4 mg N/100 g. In the eluvial part of the profile (A₂ horizon), a similar contribution of these groups was obtained 8.7 ± 0.4 and 9.7 ± 0.5 mg N/100 g.

This is the first report on the algae and hydrochemical composition of the Kholchuktug mineral spring, located in the Sut-Kholsky District of the Tuva Republic. According to the classification of therapeutic mineral waters based on temperature, it belongs to the cold group, and according to the degree of mineralization, it belongs to the low-mineralization group. The identified species composition of algae is represented by 72 species belonging to 35 genera and 21 families from 4 divisions: Cyanoprokaryota - 5, Bacillariophyta - 53, Chlorophyta - 2, Charophyta - 11. Seven dominants were identified, of which Meridion circulare, Diatoma mesodon, Ulnaria ulna stand out. The species composition is dominated by diatoms. An ecological and geographical analysis was conducted, according to which the source is dominated by benthic species with a predominance of indifferent forms in relation to halobity and active environmental response. 56 species were identified in the studied water flow as indicators of water saprobity. The predominance of xenobionts, oligobionts, and betamesosaprobionts was noted. Geographically, cosmopolitan and boreal species were dominant.

Introduction. The systemic modernization of the educational space today affects almost all its spheres, starting with the constructive and technological ones and ending with the ideological ones. In this regard, the question of the correspondence of the conceptual foundations of the new philosophy of education, which is being formed or may be formed in this space, to the traditional attitudes and value orientations associated with the philosophy of education in Russian philosophy, is particularly acute. Methodology. Consideration of the main methodological recommendations proposed in the works of V. V. Russian Russian philosophy’s heuristic potential in relation to the current situation in education and formulate the main risks, opportunities and limitations imposed on the application of basic technologies for the modernization of the educational space in terms of the main principles of education highlighted by Russian philosophy will allow us to evaluate the most effective organization of the educational process and their comparative analysis with modern research in the field of philosophy of education. Discussion. Based on the consideration of the three main principles of education formulated in the works of V. V. Rozanov, the main problems arising from their consistent application in the modern educational space are formulated, taking into account the main trends in its modernization. Preliminary conclusions have been drawn regarding the applicability of practical rules for the application of these principles, developed by V. V. Rozanov, based on the specifics of the learning format, the specifics of the competence approach, the trend of interdisciplinary education and the formation of individual educational trajectories. Conclusion. The three main principles of education highlighted by V. V. Rozanov fully retain their importance for modern education. However, the rules of their practical application require revision and correction, taking into account the peculiarities of modern technologies for modernizing the modern educational space. The recommendations concerning the principle of unity of type, which were least detailed by V. V. Rozanov, however, are no less significant than his recommendations concerning the principle of individuality and the principle of integrity, both from the point of view of V. V. Rozanov himself, can be left unchanged. Rozanova, and from the point of view of the author of the article.

Introduction. In most cases, the integration of administrative and legal support from the state and creative solutions from teachers becomes a favorable background for the introduction of educational innovations. Foreign language education today faces both difficult challenges and promising prospects. Against the background of the boom in artificial intelligence, when numerous automated translation systems for both text and oral speech appear, chatbots and smart technologies are being introduced into the educational process, and non-creative actions are being replaced by robotic technologies, foreign language education should become a truly creative process. Methodology. The article combines the methodology of administrative and legal research of modern education (S. M. Rukavishnikov et al.) with a communicative and discursive approach in modern linguodidactics (O. A. Obdalova et al.). Discussion. The challenges to the formation of foreign language communicative competence, formed in the context of the realities of today’s socio-political and man-made, are substantiated. The legal mechanisms of development and current directions of state support for foreign language education, formulated in speeches of government officials and in official documents, are revealed. The necessity of extraordinary solutions in the field of linguodidactics is argued. Arguments are given in favor of the fact that in the new conditions, the way of specifying the provisions of the federal state standards of higher education, although it does not lose its relevance, demonstrates its insufficiency. The materials of the monograph “The Metaverse of Foreign language Education: Bringing the future closer” (Tomsk: Tomsk State University Press, 2025) are given as an example of innovative, creative solutions in the field of modern linguodidactics. The substantive aspects of the monograph are analyzed in detail, its scientific significance and methodological value are shown. The authors of the monograph interpret the metaverse of foreign language education as a living, creatively saturated cognitive-discursive space that encompasses physical, augmented and virtual reality. In the process of writing the book, the authors applied an inductive-deductive approach, moving from general theoretical positions to specific practical examples, and then returning to substantiating concepts based on data obtained during the introduction of experimental methods into the educational process. The monograph demonstrates the unconventionality of the author’s thinking, the scale of the research search and the masterful combination of theoretical constructions with practical solutions. Conclusion. An organic combination of educational innovations that meet the educational needs of the digital age and socio-cultural aspects of pedagogical science, filled with deep spiritual meaning, can produce positive effects of the practice of the pedagogical process. The best conditions for the realization of scientific and educational creativity are created on interdisciplinary platforms, where government support contributes to the development of intellectual potentials of scientists and teachers.

Introduction. The debate about the fairness of private education is one of the most intense in the field of educational policy. The fact that such a debate cannot be resolved solely by empirical methods determines the need to analyze the philosophical foundations of the debate. Methodology. When analyzing the texts that make up the corpus of the debate, we used the comparative method, as well as the method of contextual analysis (J. Skinner). When considering the practical consequences of theoretical constructs, the potential of post-analytical philosophy, including the method of thought experiment, was used. Discussion. It is demonstrated that the discussion is based on alternative principles of justice proposed by J. Rawls and R. Nozick. At the same time, Rawls’s principle of justice (“justice as fairness”) imposes restrictions on private education, while Nozick’s principle of justice leaves private education free from restrictions. Through an analysis of modern philosophical literature, it is demonstrated that in the 21st century this debate is transformed into a dispute between proponents of alternative principles in the distribution of educational resources: the “principle of equality” (G. Brighouse, A. Swift) and the “principle of adequacy” (E. Anderson, D. Satz). Both principles impose moral constraints on the distribution of resources. However, the “principle of equality” imposes more stringent restrictions that are incompatible with the practice of fee-based schooling and tutoring. The “principle of equality” is based on the concept of educational resources as “positional goods”, which is the basis for prohibiting their uneven distribution in society. Conclusion. Thus, the work demonstrates the philosophical foundations of public policy in the field of education, which should be based not only on measurable goals (the results of standardized examinations), but also on value foundations, in particular, the principles of justice. In conclusion, a conclusion is drawn about the gradual shift of the discussion from the search for an “ideal theory” to contextual relativism.

Introduction. In contemporary discourse such artifacts as the “human factor”, “human potential”, and «human capital» serve as an inexhaustible resource for the society and individuals cultural development. While industrial society was characterized by viewing humans as «capital», which formed the basis of the anthropological approach, post-industrial society requires a revision of this paradigm. Consequently, the theory of humanitarianism is emerging, where the humanities component is “autonomized” and, in its methodological formulation, is interpreted as a humanitarian approach to human capital. Methodology. The study methodological basis is the work of domestic and foreign scientists, representatives of philosophical, social and pedagogical sciences. Anthropological and humanitarian approaches in their socio-philosophical discourse were chosen as the main approaches to their analysis. Discussion. A rethinking of the humanities component of human capital is driven by overcoming the anthropological deficit in higher education (abandoning the static understanding of education as a factor of capitalization; developing the education content and structure aimed at human development; dynamically changing information environment). This approach will not only enhance the social and personal significance of education but also becomes a task for a new justification, understanding, and development of modern human capital, providing guidelines for its implementation in educational practice. Conclusion. In the digital age, education is transforming from a system of imparting highly specialized knowledge into a driver of the humanities component developing of human capital, integrating technological literacy with cultural, spiritual, and ethical values. Harmonious integration of people and digital technologies requires establishing a conscious connection based on a deep understanding of both human and digital nature. It is precisely humanistic values and the distinctive meanings of national culture that can serve as a counterweight to the pragmatic, often superficial, approach inherent in purely technical knowledge.

Introduction. The ecosystem of the family institution in modern Russia is shaped by social and pedagogical values. In order to find sustainable, meaningful foundations for building a new system of coordinates in modern pedagogical knowledge, it is necessary to meaningfully fill the self-awareness of the people, its mentality, and national-forming ideas that clarify the meaning of existence and the tasks of social life. Therefore, the study of the priorities of modern family education is based on the historical and cultural genesis of family life-meaning strategies of the Russian World. Methodology. A review of existing scientific works on the topic of research, a historical and metaphysical analysis of the integration processes of the formation and development of family values is conducted, and an axiological methodology for the content of the life-meaning strategies of the Russian World (social, family, and pedagogical) in their relationship with modern realities is developed. Discussion of the axiological content of the problems of the institution of family begins with a reflection on the metaphysics of the reconstruction of traditional family values in the time continuum of the origin and existence of the Russian World. The conclusion is that family as a value is a sacred phenomenon, deeply rooted in the Russian ethnos as a subject of history and the Orthodox mission that unites Russian society. This metaphysical reality demands passionate service from modern society and pedagogy in supporting the family as a social institution. Formulating the axiological imperatives of the institution of family in Russian family life-purpose strategies is necessary for educating students of pedagogical universities, parents, and educators at educational institutions. The study concludes that, in a situation of social value transformation, it is relevant to discuss finding stable life-purpose value foundations in modern pedagogy to build a new framework for influencing the institution of family.

Introduction. The system of secondary and higher education that took shape in the second half of the nineteenth century was oriented toward an ideological and axiological framework grounded in the study of classical languages. This framework became the methodological foundation that enabled the emergence of the entire culture of the “Silver Age”. The research methodology, taking into account the functioning of the pre-revolutionary educational system and the predominance of cultural and artistic development, employs a comparative-historical approach incorporating methods of analogy and interpretation, as well as the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the mechanisms by which the education system influenced the formation of the «Silver Age» phenomenon. Discussion. The reform of secondary education carried out by the government of Alexander II in the 1870s aimed to create a model of education that would minimize radical and revolutionary sentiments within the academic environment. To this end, all secondary educational institutions were divided into two types: gymnasia and real schools. The former had a humanities orientation, while the latter focused on the natural sciences. Emperor Alexander II and the Minister of Public Education, Count D. A. Tolstoy, believed that the most effective antidote to revolutionary ideas was a classical education based on the study of Greek and Latin, logic, and mathematics. Individuals with such an education would possess a deep understanding of historical and socio-political issues, as well as a disposition toward critical thinking and rigorous argumentation. All of this, it was assumed, would render graduates resistant to socially destructive doctrines. Conclusion. The trajectory of secondary education established by the reform largely predetermined the emergence of the «Silver Age» phenomenon, as the broad spectrum of knowledge acquired already at the gymnasium level enabled graduates to realize themselves in a wide range of fields, including music, history, philosophy, theology, literature, and others.

Introduction. In the context of increasing instability in the global economy, educational institutions are no longer simply venues for knowledge transfer. They are becoming key instruments of international influence and soft power. In relations between Russia and Uzbekistan, education today serves as the primary pillar, guaranteeing the stability of society for years to come. The importance of this topic stems from the fact that previous approaches to cooperation require a serious review, especially given digitalization and changing global technologies. The main objective of this article is to examine existing social and economic differences in order to find ways to align the curricula of the two countries. Methodology. This work is based on a systems approach, which views educational development as a direct consequence of economic processes. The study utilized a comparative analysis of statistical data reflecting labor force movement and large-scale changes in population composition. The methodological framework includes a content analysis of interstate regulations governing the functioning of university branch networks and the verification of qualifications. Discussion. The analysis revealed that the key contradiction lies in the gap between academic standards and the actual demands of the labor markets. Despite expanding international cooperation, access to high-quality vocational education is limited by real income levels and regional financial support. Ethnocultural specificity often clash with standardized educational programs, complicating the adaptation of personnel. Conclusion. It is argued that educational integration between Russia and Uzbekistan requires a shift from quantitative indicators (number of branches, quotas) to qualitative synergy. The development of joint vocational education programs focused on high-tech sectors of the economy is essential. Only by overcoming structural contradictions and equalizing access to knowledge can a unified intellectual space be formed that can drive economic growth for both countries.

Introduction. The relevance of this work is determined by the research need to identify the main characteristics of the philosophy of social existence in a post-industrial society. The infrastructure of a post-industrial society, identified by technical, technological and information processes, is integrated by artificial intelligence (AI), which significantly changes the idea of the classical anthropic principle. It is the anthropic principle, conditioned by social connections and artificial intelligence, that cardinally affects the content of work, giving rise to new algorithms of human thinking and new ways of obtaining education. In the new conditions, the objectives of modern education are to achieve harmony and proportion in relation to the natural and artificial in human life. The socio-cultural transformation of the information society becomes the object of the analysis of social connections between artificial intelligence and human thinking, labor and education. Methodology. The socio-philosophical, socio-cultural approach and methodology of historicism are used to analyze the tasks set. The research is based on scientific sources and studies devoted to the analysis of the use and forecasting of the development of artificial intelligence with its introduction into work, education and social life. The discussion of the philosophy of social relations is devoted to the transformation of working conditions, since automation of production leads to the extinction of many traditional professions, as well as a change in ways of thinking due to the development of artificial intelligence. It has been established that public life translates both positive trends in technologization using AI and negative ones, which are caused by the weakening of public relations between people and the substitution of direct interpersonal communication with virtual communication. Conclusion. The emergence of a new work ethic and new educational requirements require revision. Changes in social relations necessitate a deep socio-philosophical understanding of the prospects for the development of society, the position of a person in it and the improvement of the education system.

Introduction. The article explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence in teaching modern languages, focusing on reconsidering pedagogical practices under the digital turn and analyzing conditions for integrating algorithmic systems into English language teaching. The research addresses the changing role of faculty amid educational algorithmization. The purpose is to empirically interpret subjective positions of teachers and students regarding generative and analytical AI tools implementation, and to identify transformation vectors of methodological reality in K-12 education. Methodology. The study employs mixed methods, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis of online survey data from Russian school teachers101. The methodological framework synthesizes pedagogy, didactics, and digital transformation theory, examining the issue at the intersection of teaching methods and technological determinism. Discussion. The results of the study showed that a quantitative-qualitative analysis revealed an ambivalent perception of AI: respondents were ready to incorporate algorithmic solutions, which correlated with the request for intensified learning, but there was a lack of methodological reflection on the didactic potential of AI. AI integration catalyzes reconsidering the traditional didactic triad of Teacher - Student-Educational Material, as technologies become active mediators requiring redefinition of pedagogical agency boundaries. Respondents associate intelligent systems with increased language acquisition efficiency and personalized trajectories, indicating a shift toward subject-oriented paradigm. Conclusion. The study confirms transformation of methodological landscape under AI influence, marking a shift from discrete digital tool use toward developing didactic ethics and transforming teacher competencies. Research prospects involve developing adaptive methods preserving pedagogical agency within algorithmic educational environments.

Introduction. This article examines the issue of professional adaptation among newly commissioned officers in the context of the ongoing modernization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The relevance of this study stems from the need to improve mechanisms for the professional development of young officers in the rapidly changing environment of military service. The object of the study is the mentorship system as a key tool for training officer personnel. Methodology. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical foundations of the military-pedagogical process and the specifics of the “mentor-mentee” relationship. The study employs methods of systems analysis, pedagogical observation, generalization of mentoring experience, and legal analysis. Particular attention is paid to the study of current regulatory documents and the practical aspects of mentoring. Discussion. This study examines key aspects of the military-educational process, including its specific characteristics and the role of the mentor. The main functions of mentoring: educational, formative, adaptive, value-oriented, and motivational - have been identified and analyzed. Modern regulatory documents governing mentoring activities in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as existing practices for working with young military personnel, were examined. An analysis of the effectiveness of various mentoring models was conducted. Conclusion. The research results confirm the high effectiveness of the mentoring system in ensuring high-quality professional training for officer personnel. The practical significance of this work lies in identifying the mechanisms of mentoring activities in the context of military service, taking into account modern requirements, reducing the time required to integrate young officers, and deploying them to areas where combat and special missions are carried out. The approaches applied in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation contribute to shortening the adaptation and development period for graduates of military educational institutions and improving the quality of their professional training. The study makes a significant contribution to the development of the theory and practice of the military-pedagogical process, proposing specific ways to optimize the mentoring system in military organizations.

Introduction. Philosophical evidence of didactic methods in teaching natural sciences is an important component of the modern system of education. Our empirical data lead to an attempt to evidence the potential of pragmatism in accordance with Lazursky’s concept of a natural experiment in teaching biology in comprehensive schools. Methodology. The methodological basis of our research is the analysis of school students’ understanding of practical and theoretical knowledge of biology taught according to the philosophy of pragmatism and Lazursky’s concept of a natural experiment. Discussion. Biology of spiders was chosen as the topic of the lessons. Student’s drawings from life made during the lesson were used to assess their understanding of the material. 28 comprehensive school students (school № 2007 and school № 57) aged 16 to 17 (Мage= 14.5; SD = 0.51) took part in the study. Conclusion. The proposed methodology is relevant for teaching school students. The guidelines for field practice organization were developed and may be used as a didactic aid for biology teachers.

Introduction. The article presents the results of the work of the Altai branch of the Russian Philosophical Society (AORFS) over the past 25 years (2001-2025), which reflect the overall development of university philosophy in Altai. It is noted that prominent scientists, educators, methodologists, and organizers of education for young people and adults in the region, as well as doctors of philosophy and professors, have worked in Altai. The article highlights the declining importance of philosophical knowledge in society and education. But we should not forget that philosophy has existed in all civilized countries for centuries. And in higher education, which has always produced the most educated people, there has always been philosophical knowledge that has passed through the entire history of educated humanity. By excluding it, we are moving away from traditional worldviews and losing the ability to accurately assess the growing challenges facing individuals, society, and the environment. Methodology. The article uses a systemic-dialectical methodology to analyze empirical material from the history of the development of university philosophy departments in Altai. Discussion. The article highlights the main research areas of the Altai branch of the Russian Philosophy of Philosophy over the past 25 years: systems philosophy, knowledge studies, philosophy of education, philosophy of health, and philosophy of culture. It also demonstrates the importance of thematic organizational and educational events, such as: “The Image of Mother Earth in Traditional Philosophical Culture”, “The Value Potential of the Philosophy of Health and a Healthy Lifestyle”, “Problems of Contemporary Globalization and the New World Order”, “Barnaul Development Prospects: A Socio-Cultural Analysis”, “Stories about Great Philosophers”, “Nature in the Life of Modern People”, “The 80th Anniversary of the Great Victory and Its Modern Significance: Historical and Philosophical Discourse”, “The Russian Idea in Education”,” “The Russian Language in Education and Culture”, and “Leading Philosophers of Altai. Anniversaries”. The innovative ideas, organizational activities, and educational work of Altai philosophers have always aimed to provide a holistic view of global problems of social and educational development. Conclusion: Russian civilization will be able to achieve a high degree of sovereignty when it develops its own comprehensive, harmonious philosophical knowledge and has a permanent, highly qualified cadre of specialists of national significance.