Kuzmin I.A, Tolstykh N.D.
Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia;
Keywords: Talnakh intrusion, main layered series, picritic gabbro-dolerites, inverse zoning, hybrid magma.
Norilsk-type intrusions are characterized by unique reserves, disseminated copper-nickel mineralization, which is localized in picrite and taxitic gabbro-dolerites. At the same time, if picrite and taxitic gabbro-dolerites are usually genetically separated from each other, then the mechanism of formation of picrite gabbro-dolerites themselves is still under discussion. Most often, they are considered as a cumulative part of a layered series. The work shows a sharp geochemical contact between the layered series and picrite gabbro-dolerites, in the section of which, in turn, we have identified an inverse geochemical zoning, expressed in the patterns of accumulation of petrogenic elements that do not fit into a single trend of crystallization differentiation with the rocks of the main layered series. The discreteness of rocks within the horizon of picritic gabbro-dolerites is demonstrated - two intervals are distinguished: the lower one with low chromium concentrations, with stable europium and strontium anomalies, and the upper one, which is characterized by abnormally elevated Cr2O3 contents, reduced LILE concentrations and the absence of a pronounced europium maximum, typical of the lower part of picritic gabbro-dolerites. Based on the known models of formation of inverse zonality of marginal zones of layered massifs, the article presents a new genetic scheme for the formation of picritic gabbro-dolerites as products of pulsation intrusion, which suggests that the lower part of picritic gabbro-dolerites was formed from hybrid magma, and the upper one - from primitive magma, due to pulsation filling of the formation chamber, which, in our opinion, is associated with inverse zonality and accumulation of chromium in the upper part of picritic gabbro-dolerites.
V.V. Lapkovsky, M.V. Lebedev, E.A. Ianevits 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2OOO Tyumen Petroleum Research Center, Tyumen, Russia
3Branch of Lukoil-Engineering LLC "KogalymNIPIneft",Tyumen, Russia
Keywords: Stochastic modeling of structural uncertainties; probabilistic estimation of resources; estimation of seismic velocity anomalies, probability distribution of structural trap areas, lognormal distribution of structural trap areas
In the new paradigm of the Russian oil and gas industry, much attention is paid to small hydrocarbon fields. This statement increases the requirements for the accuracy of forecasts of total hydrocarbon reserves in small-scale anticlinal traps. Such forecasts can be made by probabilistic estimation of resources, taking into account the probabilities of the field existence. The objective of the present research is the development of the scientific approach to quantifying the uncertainties associated with the existence and geometric parameters of small-scale anticlinal hydrocarbon traps mapped by modern 3D seismic exploration. The main method of solving this problem is stochastic modeling of structural uncertainties based on errors of structural mapping. The results of the study are summarized as follows. The type and parameters of the probability functions of the structural area are determined by the intensity and size of the velocity anomalies, as well as the parameters of the trap itself and the nature of its structural environment. The distributions of the structural closure areas can be described by functions in which the Mean value is greater than the quantile P50 value, the Mean value is approximately equal to the P50 value, and the Mean value is less than the P50 value. The lognormal distribution, which is commonly used to model structural uncertainty, is just one of the possible options. For small-scale hydrocarbon traps, their amplitude is comparable to the thickness of a productive reservoir; therefore, a change in the amplitude of the trap determines a change in the weighted average oil-gas-saturated thickness. As a result of the modeling, a positive relationship was established between variations in the anticline traps areas and their amplitudes. Accordingly, this relationship must be taken into account during the probabilistic assessment of the resources of this kind of the hydrocarbon traps. Otherwise, there may be a significant reduction in the range of uncertainty in resource estimates. Stochastic modeling of structural uncertainties is also a method of estimating the probability of the existence of anticlinal traps mapped by seismic exploration.
A.A. Tsygankov, G.N. Burmakina
Dobretsov Geological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Keywords: Angara-Vtitm batholith, U-Pb isotopic age, Lu-Hf, sources of magma sources, geodynamics, Western Transbaikalia.
The Late Paleozoic granitoid province of Transbaikalia (Angara-Vitim batholith, AVB, Russia), located in the northeastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), covers an area of about 200,000 km2 and is composed of rocks ranging in composition from monzonites and quartz syenites to leucocratic granites. This work is aimed at: 1) determination of the total duration and dynamics of the formation of granitoids of the Angara-Vitim batholith; 2) finding the causes that determined the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of granitoids; 3) reconstruction of the sources of salic (granitoid) magmas, assessment of the contribution of mantle-crustal interaction processes to the petrogenesis of granitoids. The article is based on new petro-geochemical, isotopic (Lu-Hf) and isotopic-geochronological (U-Pb) data on the northern part of the AVB. Combined with the results of previous studies, it has been established that one of the largest granitoid provinces on Earth (AVB) was formed ~ 45 million years ago (from 320 to 275 million years). About 90% of the batholith rocks were formed during this time. Mainly crustal metagravaccian protoliths were the source of salic magmas. Formation of monzonitoids, quartz syenites, and granodiorites is associated with melting of mixed protoliths, in which the proportion of juvenile mafic material could reach 40-50%. The Late Paleozoic granitoid magmatism of Transbaikalia began with the actual introduction of calcareous-alkaline granites, granodiorites, and quartz syenites, which make up the bulk of the first stage of magmatism. At the second stage, magmatism was concentrated in a relatively narrow (200-250 km) permeable zone of the northeastern strike. This zone drained crustal foci of salic magmas and favored the entry of mafic mantle melts into the upper horizons of the Earth's crust. The granitoids of the Angara-Vitim batholith were formed at the post-collisional stage of the evolution of the eastern segment of the CAOB under the influence of mantle plume on the crust of the young orogen.
D.V. Metelkin1,2, E.V. Vinogradov1,2, A.A. Eliseev1,2, M.E. Luzan1,2, V.V. Abashev3 1Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Geological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Hotspots, mantle plumes, geodynamo, geomagnetic reversal frequency, paleointensity, geocentric axial dipole, equatorial dipole, anomalous geomagnetic field, global magnetic anomalies, absolute plate reconstructions
We present an analysis of modern paleomagnetic data from large igneous provinces and palaeorift structures in Siberia and the High Arctic that are potentially related to mantle plumes. The interrelationship between plume magmatism, geomagnetic reversal frequency, and field intensity over the last 600 Myr exhibits a periodicity of 70–100 Myr. Periods of mantle plume activity were preceded by an increase in geomagnetic reversal frequency, accompanied by a decrease in geomagnetic field intensity. Our proposed hypothesis explains this effect by changes in the thermal convection in the Earth’s outer core while mantle plumes are regarded as regulators of the state of the hydromagnetic dynamo. “Overheating” of the core increased the turbulence of convective currents, and therefore, the amount of reversals. During reversals, the value of the main component of the geomagnetic field – the geocentric axial dipole – first fell to zero and returned to high values only afer a full reversal of the poles. Reduction of relaxation time in periods of frequent reversals led to prolonged low values of the absolute intensity of the geomagnetic field. Mantle plumes forming during such periods could remove the excess heat and stabilize the state of the geodynamo, even almost completely stopping reversals. We link the Vendian and Devonian geomagnetic phenomena to periods of ultra-frequent reversals. During these extended periods of low value of the axial dipole, the configuration of the geomagnetic field was determined by low-order non-zonal harmonics and by the global magnetic anomalies. We observe a qualitative coincidence of the position of paleopoles with centers of lower mantle gravitational and magnetic anomalies and postulate that the anomalies were stationary. This is the basis for substantiating a new reference framework for paleotectonic reconstructions in absolute coordinates. Examples of reconstructions made using this system also agree with the hypothesis of stationary hotspots. From the terminal Precambrian to the Mesozoic inclusively, the Siberian paleocontinent was located in the area of effect of the African mantle hot field, migrating northwards along the 0° meridian from the latitude of Tristan da Cunha to that of Iceland.
V.S. Shatsky1,2,3, A.L. Ragozin1, V.N. Reutsky1, V.V. Kalinina1 1 V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 3 A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: inclusions in diamonds, diamond formation, mantle, subduction zone
Evidence of the involvement of Fe-C-O melts in diamond formation from placers in the northeastern Siberian Craton, along with our previously obtained data on iron carbide inclusions and literature sources, has provided a new perspective on processes diamond formation in subduction zones. Iron carbide and oxide inclusions in diamonds, along with the presence of moissanite and carbonates in polyphase inclusions, indicate a heterogeneous diamond environment. Extreme variations in oxygen fugacity during diamond formation processes can be caused by the generation of hydrogen and hydrocarbons during the interaction of carbonated rocks of the subducting oceanic lithospheric plate with aqueous fluids. Separated hydrocarbon fluids can create local areas of ultra-reduced mantle, where silicon carbide can be formed under conditions of the absence of equilibrium with the surrounding rocks.. A characteristic feature of the diamonds studied is that they were subjected to brittle deformation, followed by crack healing, accompanied by the formation of polyphase inclusions of iron carbides and oxides, which we interpret as melt inclusions. Brittle deformations of diamonds, in the conditions of the lower lithosphere, are explained by high deformation rates, which can be realized in the hypocenters of deep-focus earthquakes of the subducting lithospheric plate, during dehydration processes or the formation of carbonatite melts.
A.N. Didenko1,2, M.Y. Nosyrev2, G.Z. Gilmanova2, M.D. Khutorskoy1 1Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia 2Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics FEB RAS Khabarovsk, Russia
Keywords: Amur Plate, Curie Point Depth, plate boundaries, thermal anomalies and tectonic structures
Based on the results of spectral analysis of the anomalous magnetic field, the depths of the roof and the sole of the magnetically active layer of the Amur Plate and adjacent territories are calculated. The causes of variations in the depth of the sole of the magnetoactive layer (CPD) from 14 to 38 km (average 24 km) have been determined. Maximum CPD depths are observed within sedimentary basins (Erlian, Songliao, Sredneamursky) in the southwest and in the central part of the plate. The areas of minimum depths in the continental part are located in the northwest within the giant granitoid batholiths (Angara-Vitim, Khentei) and in the northeast within the Bureinsky province. The third area of minimum CPD values is located within the waters of the Sea of Japan.
The relatively high elevation of the bottom of the magnetically active layer in the Sea of Japan is associated with rifting processes in the back-arc basin, which began at the end of the Oligocene, and the generation of fluids and magma chambers above the Pacific slab, sinking under the Amur Plate. Two areas of high CPD standing in the continental part of the plate are associated with the presence of two thermal anomalies. The north-western one is explained by the presence of a thermal crustal anomaly due to the process of radioactive heat generation by granitoids of the giant Angara-Vitim, Khangai and Khentei batholiths. Northeastern Bureinskaya – the presence of an anomalous temperature of the mantle here.
A comparison of the newly constructed CPD map with the boundaries of the Amur Plate, previously determined mainly from seismic data, shows that the surface boundaries of the plate coincide mainly with the zones of the greatest CPD gradients. All of them are associated with areas of increased seismic energy generation, with the exception of one small area on the southern border of the Amur Plate at its junction with the Yangtze Plate. In our interpretation, plate boundaries are not just lines on the surface, they are fairly wide zones from tens to the first hundreds of kilometers that encircle the plate.
L. L. UBUGUNOV1,2, V. I. UBUGUNOVA1, T. A. AYUSHINA1, TS. N. NASATUEVA1, A. S. SYRENZHAPOVA2, E. I. LASTOCHKIN3, A. D. ZHAMBALOVA1, O. V. VISHNYAKOVA1, E. YU. ABIDUEVA1 1Institute of General and Experimental Biology of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia 2Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V. R. Filippov, Ulan-Ude, Russia 3Institute of Geology named after N. L. Dobretsov of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Keywords: biophilic macro- and microelements, halomorphic soils of oases, Uldza-Torey endorheic lake basin, biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems
The content of biophilic elements in soils and minerals of coastal depressions of highly mineralized chloride lakes of the Uldza-Torey endorheic basin (Russia, Dauria) and the microbiota involved in the cycles of these elements were studied comprehensively for the first time. Obtained data on the gross content and mobile forms of biophilic macro- (N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, S) and microelements (Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co) in soils of the local “node” of biota concentration of the Uldza-Torey basin revealed differences in the geosphere-biosphere interactions of biotic and abiotic components in quasi-gley solonchaks, saline humus-gley and saline light-humus soils. High significance of halomorphic soils for preserving the biodiversity of steppe territories (Dauria, Transbaikalia) has been established. Maximal concentrations of the total content of biophilic elements and mobile forms of nitrogen, sulfur, calcium, sodium, manganese, and magnesium were revealed within the Sg, ca horizon of the quasi-gley solonchak. This layer is characterized by the highest index of microbial diversity, a significant proportion of taxa participating in the cycles of biophilic elements, and formation of new minerals with wide variations of silicon, aluminum, and sodium. The underlying horizons of solonchak (CQs) are enriched in sodium, magnesium, and sulfur under the impact of sulfate-chloride-sodium ground waters. Calcite, calcium amphiboles, and monocyte predominate in their mineralogical composition. Enrichment of solonchaks with mobile forms of biophilic elements, presence of various minerals containing Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, and rare earth elements (Ce, La, Nd, Sm, Th) confirm both the sodium and rare-earth hypotheses of animal lithophagy. A significant deficit of most gross and mobile forms of biophilic elements, decrease in microbial diversity, and typical for acidic rocks minerals, rarely basites, were noted in the upper horizons of humus-gley saline and light-humus saline soils. In the lower layers formed by paleohydromorphic lake sediments, oxides with a low proportion of chlorine, sulfur and sodium (8-15 %), and enrichment in easily soluble salts and mobile forms of sodium and sulfur were revealed. The content of other biophilic elements was estimated as low and very low.
A. I. Konurin, D. V. Orlov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Rock mass, rock burst, rockburst hazard, geodynamics, artificial neural networks, machine learning
The deepest-level underground structures of various purpose are mines, tunnels, hydropower stations and underground research laboratories. The authors describe a possible classification of rockbursts by their initiation mechanism: ahead of a mined-out space, in a pillar, nearby a fault. The authors review the common applied systems of rockburst hazard prediction and select continuous measurement systems which produce data suitable for machine processing. The geodynamic situation prediction at a mineral deposit using artificial neural networks is described. The comparative test of machine learning methods for the analysis of geodynamic phenomena is carried out. The structure of artificial neural networks for the prediction of geodynamic phenomena and stability of underground openings is described. The seismic events in the Sheregesh Mine are selected for the analysis. It is found that different models accurately determine clusters of seismic events. k-means clustering produces the best results (97.92%).
Yu. P. Galchenko1, K. S. Tsygulev2, Yu. A. Ozaryan3, T. V. Kozhevnikova2, S. A. Orlov2 1Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources-IPKON, Moscow, Russia 2Computing Center, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia 3Institute of Mining, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia
Keywords: Remote sensing, satellite image, geoecological monitoring, dust pollution, vegetation, clustering, vegetation indexes
The article presents an assessment algorithm for vegetation in areas of coal dust pollution. Two problems are solved: delineation of a dust pollution area by the Enhanced Coal Dust Index with data clustering; calculation of vegetation indexes in selected clusters for the vegetation analysis. Clustering used the Hill Climbing algorithm. The source data were Sentinel-2 imagery obtained during the spring and summer seasons. The algorithm was tested as a case-study of the mining area of the Urgal Coal Mine in the Khabarovsk Krai. The test data for a period one year long show the vegetation damage on drawing nearer the test mine area.
G. I. Petrova1, E. A. Biktasheva2 1National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 2Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: philosophy of education, university code, idea of the university, logos, aesthesis, the spirit of the university, the light of ratio
Introduction. The modern university is in crisis. It is necessary to find the reason for this. The article updates the concept of “idea of the university” (J. Newman) and refers to the ancient Greek understanding of eidos (Plato). This allows us to connect the eidos (idea) of the university and the concept of the “university cod”. It makes possible to see the university essence, which manifests itself in a multitude the individual universities (of different cultures, nations). The problematic issues arise: “What is the university code? How the crisis of the university is connected with the transformation of its Idea-Code? How these concepts are connected with the life or with the disappearance of the university (including Russian ones)? Is there a possibility (necessity) to preserve the university not only in the verbal but in the essential-code also?” The specification of posed problem is connected with search for the university code and the justification of its manifestation on the national spirit of Russia. The methodology of solving for these problems is Plato’s teaching on eidos (ideas). Eidos gives birth to the objective world in the multiplisity of phenomena. This methodology allows us to find the idea (the code) of the university. The university code is something common that characterizes all universities at the same time. The code of a university is influenced by the specific the cultural national context of individual countries. Discussion. The general university code is influenced by the specific national context of cultural development. Of great importance in this process is the nature of the cultural relationship between the structures of logos and esthesis. The article substantiates the specifics of the Russian university’s code by the role of aesthetics in Russian culture. Conclusion. The issue of preserving the university’s code is being raised. It is proposed to further discuss specific issues related to the combination of two components at the university: the “light of reason” (logos) and the “spirit of the university” (estesis). It is concluded that it is necessary to store the university code. Its elimination transforms the university into another social structure (for example, into an economic corporation).
T. V. Sokhranyaeva
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: subjects of education, big data, datafication, constituting of subjects, algorithmizing, educational identity, authenticity
Introduction. In the digital transformation context of education, it is relevant to study the influence of datafication processes on the transformation of the ontological characteristics of the educational environment in terms of changes in intersubjective relations. The purpose of the article is to consider datafication as a factor of constituting the subjects of education. Methodology. The theoretical framework by the principles of a systems approach to the analysis of education as a complex social system, an epistemological methodology for considering the empirical level of cognitive activity, and a hermeneutic approach to interpreting the results of the analysis is determined. Discussion. Datafication as a manifestation of a new level of digitalization of education, characterized by the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics into the core of the functioning of educational systems is considered. The thesis is put forward that datafication becomes the context and an essential factor in the transformation and development of structural connections in the educational environment, as well as the constituting of subjects of educational relations. The article examines the relationship between the subject’s status and its representation by data, the trends in introducing new “data-subjects” into the educational process and the transformation of classical status-role and competence characteristics of teachers, the role of data analysts in constructing the educational identity of individuals. The internal inconsistency of the paradigm of datafication in education - the development of an environment oriented towards the personally defined needs of the modern “extended personalityˮ based on standardized algorithmic requirements and models is shown. Conclusion. Datafication in education has a significant impact on the processes of constituting structural connections, subjects and elements of the educational environment. The emergence of new configurations of intersubjective interaction in education, the transformation of status-role characteristics and the perception of professional subjectivity necessitate the analysis of these processes in the ontological, anthropological and axiological aspects.
E. V. Bryzgalina, Shiqiang Zhang
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: education, collective as a subject of education, atomistic individualism, co-production of knowledge, democratisation of educational technologies, education, social justice
Introduction. This article examines the philosophical connotation of the concept of “collective as an educational subject” and its main characteristics in modern education. The collective as an educational subject is designed to counter the alienation and fragmentation of atomized education and to recreate the communal and emancipatory nature of education. Its main value lies in the balance between individual freedom and social connection through the collaborative production of knowledge, the ethical transfer of responsibility, and the democratization of technology, so that education can become a “symbiotic experimental field” for the education of democratic citizens and the promotion of social justice. Methodology. The methodological basis of this study is based on an interdisciplinary synthesis of philosophical, pedagogical, and sociological approaches. The main methods include critical philosophical analysis. The deconstruction of the concepts of “subject”, “responsibility”, and “knowledge” is based on the dialectics of the individual and the collective. Discussion. This study defines the concept of the collective as an educational subject from the perspective of ontology and epistemology, and explains its main features by summarizing them in five dimensions. The novelty of the article lies in its critique of the atomistic individualistic paradigm of education, its reconstruction of the social and collaborative nature of education, and its extensive synthesis of Russian and Chinese literature to analyze the issue. Conclusion. The concept of “the collective as an educational subject” does not return educational theory and practice to totalitarianism, but rather allows for the creation of an inclusive ecosystem where collaboration, technology, and critical thinking overcome atomization, fostering socially responsible citizens. It can be predicted that the future of education in practice will be based on the premise of collective and then personalized education based on individual differentiation, complemented by modern educational technologies (distance learning, artificial intelligence, digital educational platforms, etc.).
I. V. Yakovleva1, T. S. Kosenko1, E. V. Ushakova2 1Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Altai State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia
Keywords: education, philosophy of education, Russian idea in education, civilizational approaches in education, Russian and Western specificity of ideas in education
Introduction. The formulation of the existence problem of the Russian idea in modern education is explored. Monitoring is carried out on the basis of a comparative analysis of secular (state) and religious education, with a general assessment of Russian and Western socio-cultural traditions. Methodology. The dialectical method, systemic and sociocultural approaches were used when considering the dynamics of educational processes from the modern era to the present day. Discussion. According to the authors of the article, the philosophy of the Russian world and the potential of the Russian idea in modern education are mainly related to the essence and strategy of a solidarity/social state, in which it is possible to establish a healthy balance of people’s lives in nature and society. The meaning and essence of the Russian idea is reflected in the concepts and practice of forming a whole person in his development and self-development. The main meanings in education are the versatile preparation of the individual in the following aspects: a person for society; a man for the family; man for himself; society for man, man in harmony with nature. When implementing these meaningful life values of the Russian idea in modern pedagogical activity, it turns out to be the most adequate and promising. The statement of the problem consists in a deep study of the philosophy of the Russian idea for the organization of modern education. Several levels of general knowledge are emphasized: general philosophical ontological, methodological and epistemological, philosophical-anthropological, social-philosophical, ethical-axiological and psychological-pedagogical (in theoretical and activity aspects). Conclusion. Turning to the heritage of Russian philosophy, we can conclude that the “Russian idea” is an empirically revealed form of existence of the national spirit, phenomenologically manifested in the intellectual activity of the educated majority of the nation in the form of a set of ideal ideas about the past, present and future of education.
A. A. Izgarskaya1, A. A. Borisova2 1Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: education, “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood”, students’ worldview, civilizational approach, world-system approach, Eurasianism, ideology
Introduction. The study raises the issue of the quality of the course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood” and the civilizational approach as its scientific basis. The course, designed to shape the students’ worldview, is implemented in a situation of opposition to the core of the world-system. This circumstance allows us to draw parallels with the Soviet period, when Marxism-Leninism was the scientific basis of social science disciplines. Methodology. World-system analysis is used as a methodology. The capitalist world-economy presupposes the adaptation of the worldview of social groups and individuals to the inequality of socio-ecological niches created by the international system of division of labor. Education is a means of adaptation to the dominant order and political ideologies - metastrategies in the form of liberalism, conservatism, radicalism (socialism). Contradictions in the world-system activate centers capable of resisting liberal hegemony and offering a world order based on radicalism or conservatism. Unlike the Soviet period, the modern Russian confrontation is based on a conservative ideology that has received scientific justification in the civilizational approach. The problems of the civilizational approach are described by the method of identifying epistemological traps. Discussion. The collapse of the USSR created the preconditions for the adoption of the civilizational approach as the leading direction of social sciences. In the civilizational approach, there is no agreement on the content of basic categories, which, when explaining social dynamics, gives rise to contradictions that are either ignored or lead to an unjustified distortion of the original concept, or are resolved “ad hoc”. Textbooks broadcast concepts of the 19th - first half of the 20th centuries, contain a lot of epistemological traps, and are not capable of explaining at the level of modern theories of social dynamics. In science, there are studies that suggest a synthesis of world-system, civilizational and network concepts, but they cannot be used as a scientific basis for the course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood”, since they do not correspond to its ideological component. Conclusion. To form a holistic, scientifically based worldview, a scientific paradigm with the appropriate integrity is needed. The FRS course does not have one. The course broadcasts the pre-paradigm stage of not the most modern concepts of the civilizational approach.
S. I. Chernykh1, B. O. Mayer2 1Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: education, salary, university teacher, professor, purchasing power, social status
Introduction. The analysis of the problem of increasing the salaries and adequate remuneration of teachers in the education system in general, and higher education in particular, requires comparative studies of the level of teachers’ salaries now and a hundred years ago, in the last peaceful year of the Russian Empire. The question of “What has our country achieved or lost over the past time?” is not only of academic interest. The experience of the past allows us to adequately understand the present, given the potentially vast amount of statistical information on the entire education system. The purpose of this article is limited to a comparative study of the financial and social situation of the professorial group of higher education institutions in the pre-revolutionary period of the Russian Empire and in modern Russia. Methodology. A comparative analysis of literary sources containing information about the salaries of teachers and their social status in the Russian Empire, as well as in modern Russia, was conducted. Discussion. The salaries of professors/doctors of science vary both by region and by position or by the “weightˮ of the university in the Russian education system. Currently, in Russia, for a salary ranging from 100,000 to 200,000 rubles per month, we can see that in 1913, the salary of a professor/doctor of science was no more than 50 % of the material wealth of a professor in the Russian Empire a century ago, not to mention the social prestige and recognition of professorial work. Conclusion. The status of a modern professor is completely different from its status 110 years ago: its characteristics are mostly negative. There can be no talk of “belonging” to elite social groups (with rare exceptions such as academics or rectors).
Yunsheng Zhang
Shandong Institute of Physical Education, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
Keywords: media education, value foundations, discourse, global media space, ontological projections, social philosophy
Introduction. The polyphonic state of the media universe will allow us to talk about cognitive co-evolution and the desire for super-complexity of noospheric knowledge of man and humanity, from which, in fact, today a universal social picture of the world is formed. In matters of education in the global media space, one has to rely, firstly, on the historical experience of the “spiritual ascent” of each individual civilization; secondly, on the strengths of a person’s cultural model, patterns of intellectual and creative development; thirdly, on the understanding of media education as a universal program for the formation and development of knowledge about the world. The study aims to reveal the modern understanding of educational activities in the media space, within the framework of the Russian-Chinese socio-philosophical discourse, outlining the value foundations of media education. The research methodology contains ontological and socio-philosophical projections in the development of a new concept of “media education” in its value foundations. The discussion of the value foundations of media education is framed within the framework of the content of Russian and Chinese value priorities in the media space. The development and strengthening of bilateral relations is planned on the basis of media platforms. In this regard, ontological value projections in the genesis of the formation of enlightenment as a universal program for the formation and development of knowledge are considered. Some parameters of media education as a source and mechanism of cognitive changes on a mass scale are formulated. And a definition of the concept of “media education” has been developed in its value foundations as an invariant of innovative educational practices. Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn about the possibility and necessity of forecasting media educational activities with the need to maintain a balance between innovations and traditions in order to preserve unique experience and national identity.
N. A. Ryapisov, T. L. Chepel
Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: evidence-based approach, evidence-based practice, evidence-based education, scientific and methodological support, competencies, chemical education
Introduction. Teachers who use a set of pedagogical technologies presented in modern didactics in their practice tend to use them intuitively, without referring to well-founded checks of their effectiveness and safety. This fact highlights the relevance of the evidence-based approach in education, which is widely represented in foreign studies of educational practice and is just beginning to take shape in the scientific and educational space of our country. Methodology. The research is based on a reflective analysis of foreign and domestic publications characterizing the meaningful meanings of the formation, development and application of an evidence-based approach in the process of solving scientific and practical problems in various fields of knowledge, including in the educational field during the formation of professional competencies of chemistry teachers. Discussion. Evidence-based education is an approach to educational processes that uses methods based on reliable evidence obtained experimentally in scientific research. The evidence-based approach is currently widely used in the foreign educational field (J. Hattie et al.) and is beginning to be used in the system of training and advanced training of Russian teachers. At the same time, a kind of reference point for the implementation of the ideas of the evidence-based approach in educational processes is the Standard of Evidence-Based Practices in the Field of Childhood, developed as part of the implementation of the state program “The Decade of Childhood” (2018), which is focused on identifying social (including educational) practices with proven effectiveness. Conclusion. The unified federal system of scientific and methodological support for teachers and managers, which has been created and is being developed in Russia, is aimed at continuous improvement of the professional skills of teachers and managers. It is likely that one of the main drivers of the implementation of the ideas of evidence-based education in the field of chemistry is the professional pedagogical communities (the All-Russian Public Organization of Teachers and Lecturers of Chemistry and its regional branches, which are represented in almost all regions of the Russian Federation).
E. V. Biricheva
Institute for Philosophy and Law Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: education, neural network, NN, large language model, LLM, DeepSeek, Yandex Alice, social and humanitarian disciplines, pedagogical problems, text generating, artificial intelligence
Introduction. The use of neural networks by students to do written works seems to be one of the new challenges for the entire educational system. The pedagogical problem is, first of all, that in these cases the competencies prescribed by the standards are not formed. These tools may generate false answers that, in addition, may violate ethical norms or requirements of logic, objectivity, and impartiality. Thus, the purpose of the work was to study the capabilities of popular neural networks in solving various types of tasks in social and humanitarian disciplines, as well as to draw up recommendations for teachers on the transformation of the pedagogical process, taking into account the new realities. Methodology. We distinguished 10 types of tasks typical for disciplines of the social and humanitarian cycle, and loaded them into the two most popular models, DeepSeek and Alice (Yandex). The responses of neural networks to 500 queries were evaluated qualitatively (by depth, content, logic, etc.) and were rated quantitatively (in points and percent). Then we compared these responses with each other and with students’ grades on similar tasks. Discussion. Analysis of empirical data showed that neural networks, on average, cope well with such tasks as giving a definition, listing features or positions, arguing a point of view on a problem. Some difficulties arose with search tasks (indicating personalities, determining the affiliation of a quote, etc.) and commenting tasks (interpreting a quote taking into account its context in the original source). It may be due to the peculiarities of machine learning and data unpacking, as well as translations and the availability of Russian-language sources for a Chinese neural network. The examined neural networks write complex tasks (essays, projects) rather superficially, with low heuristics, without referring to literature, etc., if skillful prompt engineering was not used. Conclusion. Based on the results, recommendations were formulated for compiling tasks taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of popular neural networks. Concrete advices were also given on the diversity of types of work and the definition of text generating
N. V. Gulyayevskaya
Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: teacher training, the core of teacher education, socio-psychological support, children with a migration history, social security, psychological support, legal protection
Introduction. In the context of growing migration and the multiethnic educational environment, the problem of educating teachers to work with children with a migration history is quite relevant. There is a need for an integrated approach to teacher training, including in the academic disciplines of the psychological and sociological cycles. Sociological and psychological knowledge ensures the readiness of teachers for the legal and social protection of children with a migration history, providing psychological assistance and support to children and adolescents enrolled in Russian educational institutions. Methodology. The study formulates the methodological foundations of training future teachers to design effective programs of socio-psychological support for children with a migration history; four approaches based on personality-oriented, systemic, cultural and activity-based approaches are presenting. Discussion. The article reveals the stages of teacher training for the socio-psychological support of children with a migration history, shows the specifics of their education in the psychological and social disciplines of the Core of pedagogical education. The key areas of teacher training for socio-psychological support are highlighting social and psychological diagnostics, language and psychological support, the formation of intercultural competence, interaction with the family and the creation of a multiethnic inclusive environment. A comprehensive support model is considering, which includes five interrelated components (diagnostic, psychological, socio-pedagogical, cognitive, and cultural and leisure). Conclusion. Successful integration of children with a migration history is possible only if teachers are preparing for systematic interdisciplinary support, legal regulation and the introduction of innovative socio-psychological technologies. The ability of teachers to provide high-quality social and psychological support should become an integral part of educational policy for children with a migration history.
P. G. Vorontsov, V. P. Dick, N. V. Kulipanova
Altai State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia
Keywords: medical education, the discipline of Bioethics, modern trends in human philosophy, and sociocultural approaches in bioethics
Introduction. The article analyzes different approaches to teaching the discipline of Bioethics in medical universities, which is a comprehensive subject that combines humanitarian knowledge in the form of professional ethics for doctors, as well as an analysis of a number of modern biomedical technologies from the perspective of moral relations between doctors and patients. Methodology. The article uses systemic-philosophical and axiological methods, as well as sociocultural, ethical, and comparative approaches to the problem of teaching bioethics. Discussion. The article substantiates the position that the transformation of philosophical and anthropological issues in the modern world naturally affects a number of humanities-related educational disciplines in Russian higher education institutions, including the teaching of bioethics in medical universities. The article analyzes more general contemporary philosophical views on the human being, ranging from holistic views (the human being as a holistic spiritual, moral, psychosocial, and bodily being) to partial views (the one-sided human being, the consumer human being, the service-oriented human being, the self-centered human being, the deconstructive human being, the cyberhuman being, and so on). Depending on the choice of philosophical views on the human being, the transformation of the humanities disciplines, including bioethics, occurs. In general, there are modern Western and Russian sociocultural approaches in this discipline. Conclusion. The traditional Russian philosophical and pedagogical approach focuses on the holistic content of the discipline of Bioethics, with a predominance of moral and ethical guidelines for the treatment of humans in medicine. In contrast, European approaches are more diverse and based on partial approaches, particularly in relation to the commercialization of medicine. This discipline, in a comparative perspective, requires the examination of different approaches to humans in medicine, with a critical analysis of the potential outcomes.
V. I. Strelchenko1, V. V. Balakhonskiy2, E. A. Ivanov1, L. V. Balakhonskaya3 1Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia 2St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia 3Higher School of Journalism and Mass Communications St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: information, digitalization, information society, education, epistemology, scientific rationality, information-communication technologies
Introduction. The existing concepts of digitalization, information, and information-communication technologies as key elements of the strategy of educational gnosis represent the expression of both historical and contemporary achievements in scientific rationality within the fields of mathematics, logic, cybernetics, and information theory. The doctrine of the information society, its inherent educational institutions, and the diverse forms of their speculative-theoretical representations are the result of modern attempts to clarify the cultural and civilizational meaning of the revolution in mathematics and computer technology. Therefore, the issue of the educational significance of digitalization and the techniques of information-communication modeling should be formulated and considered in the context of analyzing the nature of scientific knowledge, the conditions for its reliability and truth, its cognitive value, and the limits of applicability of methodological, conceptual, and terminological tools. Methodology. The study employs historical-critical and interdisciplinary approaches, encompassing a comparative philosophical-epistemological investigation of the concepts of the information society and the knowledge society. This is done within the context of analyzing their substantive (dialectical) and semantic (phenomenological) content, as well as examining the methodological and ideological strategies of digitalizing education. Dialectics is interpreted as the “science of connections in contrast to metaphysics”, a theory of the “unity of opposites” that enables the mental reconstruction of an object in its contradictoriness, processuality, and integrity. Phenomenology is utilized as a method grounded in techniques for expressing all substantive content through acts of consciousness, thereby de-objectifying objectified logical relations. The systematic application of a suite of philosophical-epistemological analytical tools offers a tangible prospect for uncovering the cognitive significance and delineating the boundaries of applicability of digital and information-communication technologies in the educational sphere. Discussion. The concepts of digitalization, information, and information-communication technologies, borrowed from the fields of mathematics, information theory, and cybernetics, are not epistemological tools that directly capture specific educational or, in general, any social entities. Conclusion. The solution to the tasks arising from this, namely determining the boundaries and identifying the substantive content of the “digital educational environment”, requires the development of a specialized system of philosophical-epistemological analysis tools that enables correct interdisciplinary synthesis.
E.G. KOLOMYTS
Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Fundamental Problems of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
Keywords: cybernetic model of a natural complex, structural levels of geosystems, trajectory of changes in the states of geospaces, ecological niches, stability of geosystems and measures for its calculations, generic barriers of phytocenotic transformation of landscapes
The article describes a strategy for quantitative analysis of mono- and polysystem organization of multi-level geospaces with the construction of a series of empirical models of inter-component and inter-complex connections. As a methodological basis, a provision on structural levels of natural-territorial organization is proposed, based on a conceptual cybernetic model of a natural complex as a hierarchical control system. Using the model, a system of conjugation of different-level characteristics of natural components with a taxonomic rank of geographic spaces (from a geographic sector and natural zone to a landscape facies and biogeocenosis) was constructed. Based on the spatio-temporal relationships of inter-component and inter-complex connections, a hypothetical cycle of the trajectory of changes in the states of geospaces in their spontaneous development and under anthropogenic disturbances is described. The assessment of the dynamics of geospaces was carried out through operations with their ecological niches in the zones of their contact and intersection, i.e. in trigger zones. The stability of different-order geospaces to external disturbances is proposed to be expressed by measures of significance of their representation of the entire variety of input environmental factors. These measures serve as generalized criteria of homeostatic reserves of natural complexes. They are calculated on the basis of matrices and digraphs of their inclusion relations for a particular set of system-forming factors using the Shannon information function. Using the example of the southern taiga of the Volga basin, an example of calculating one of these measures in relation to a change in the average July temperature is given.
S.B. KUZMIN
V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: hazardous natural processes, natural disasters, risk, multi-risk, changes in the natural environment, countries of the world
The relevance and necessity of a global approach to natural disaster risk assessment are determined. In recent years, it has become increasingly obvious to society, scientists, management structures, businesses, and politicians. It has been shown that various dangerous natural (earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, floods) and anthropogenic (industrial accidents, pollution and degradation of landscapes, depletion of natural resources) processes constantly threaten millions of people around the world. These processes differ greatly from each other, but the assets exposed to their impact are basically the same: population, economy, territories, ecosystems, infrastructure, and the environment. It is concluded that the results of the impact on them should be considered as a dynamic process, examples of which are rapid urbanization, rural depopulation, changes associated with the actual evolution of settlements themselves, declining quality of life, etc. In this aspect, the main task for researchers is to find innovative, as simple and effective methods as possible for collecting, organizing, storing and transmitting data on such impacts, taking into account their inherent spatio-temporal dynamics. The objective of this article is to analyze the challenges of implementing an impact model on a global scale, suitable for various natural hazards within a dynamic and scalable framework, based on the method of estimating the global risk index for countries of the world. A roadmap is being developed for the use of the global impact model that will continually evolve over time through input and updating of data, including consideration of uncertainties. It is established that such a model will form the basis for a global assessment of vulnerability and risks from natural disasters, providing reliable standardized information on assets and entities exposed to various natural hazards.
O.V. EVSTROPYEVA
V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: recreational geography, institutional approach, tourism and recreational activities, Lake Baikal, institutional conditions, institutional adaptation
The article is concerned with the development of an institutional approach in recreational-geographical research. Its essence lies in the study of patterns of associated territorial and institutional development of tourism and recreational activities, which form the most important institution of our time - a system of specific norms and rules, as well as specialized organizations intended to meet people’s needs for rest and recovery, streamline and regulate the tourism industry, as well as to use natural and cultural values in recreational aims. Within the framework of recreational-geographical research, the institution under study is considered as an object of geographical research that has relatively stable ties with specific territories and influences their nature, society and economy. To develop a logical research scheme, a methodological approach was used based on identifying common elements and points of connection between the models proposed by recreational geography and sociology. It is based on systemic, institutional and spatial concepts of tourism and recreational activities. The core of the scheme is tourist territories characterized by the originality of the institutional environment. The associated territorial institutional and recreational systems are an analytical tool. It makes it possible to organize territorial, institutional, spatial and other types of interactions that arise as a result of tourist exchange, institutional adaptation of the territory to tourism and recreation, contributing to the formation of an integral tourism and recreational space. It is shown that institutional conditions formed at various hierarchical levels determine both opportunities and limitations for the development of tourist territories, act as a significant factor in the territorial organization of tourism and recreational activities. An integral part of the recreational environment is the institutional environment, i.e. a territorially confined set of institutional conditions, a sphere of interaction of various institutions. Institutions operating within the territory can interact regarding the organization of recreation and tourism and form territorial institutional systems. An example of the application of the institutional approach is the Baikal natural territory, which is characterized by a complex combination of current environmental restrictions and, at the same time, a special attractiveness for tourists. Under such conditions, the lake shore has become an institutional epicenter of ecological and economic problems and is of particular interest as an object of institutional recreational-geographical research.
The article presents the results of the study of the state of landscapes in the territory adjacent to the development site of the Sorsk mining and processing plant (SMPP), which is a large mining and processing enterprise. A comprehensive analysis of the changes in natural landscapes made it possible to identify three zones of the plant’s impact: direct, indirect and background influence. Criteria for assessing the sensitivity of soils and vegetation to dust and chemical pollution were developed based on the methodology of landscape planning of a territory. An integral assessment was carried out and sensitivity maps of landscape units within the impact zones of the SMPP were compiled. Landscape units of a low sensitivity degree are mainly represented by modified natural and anthropogenic complexes, i.e. power transmission line clearings, agricultural lands and residential areas, as well as some natural complexes occupying the upper forested parts of slopes and gently sloping surfaces of small river valleys with steppe grass meadows. Landscape units of a medium sensitivity level include gently sloping surfaces of small river valleys with sparse forests and grass-forb meadows, and slopes with mixed forests and forb-grass meadows. Highly sensitive landscape units are levelled bottoms of small river valleys and lake basins with birch forests and forb-sedge meadows, steep slopes with meadow rocky steppes, flat tops and saddles with shrubs and sparse forests, and slopes with low-grass alpine meadows. The analysis of the distribution of landscape units showed the prevalence of medium-sensitive units in the zone of indirect and background impact, which cover more than half of the area of the zones. The conducted studies provide grounds for drawing a conclusion about minor changes in the natural landscapes within the territory of influence of the SMPP; the results can be used to adjust the monitoring observation network.
V.P. SHESTERKIN, N.M. SHESTERKINA
Institute of Water and Environmental Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia
Keywords: Amur, flood, sulfates, content, runoff
The article presents an assessment of the sulfate content and runoff in the Amur River water near Khabarovsk in high-water years. It shows differences in the content and runoff values depending on the center of flood formation on the basis of Roshydromet data for 1951-1985. Observations were carried out in 2013, and 2019-2021. The study revealed spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of sulfate content across the Amur River width due to large differences in the chemical composition of the waters of its main tributaries (the Zeya, Bureya, Sungari and Ussuri Rivers) and their contribution at all stages of flood formation. The highest sulfate content was observed in the middle of the river, less frequently in the right-bank part of the Amur due to the influence of the Sungari River, which drains the most developed and densely populated part of the basin; the lowest sulfate content was recorded in the left-bank part of the Amur due to the influence of the regulated Zeya and Bureya Rivers. It was found that at the recession of floods, the sulfate ion content reached its highest values as a result of the inputs from flooded agricultural lands and urbanized areas of China. At the flood peak, the maximum sulfate runoff was observed in 2013 and 2020 (29,5 and 30,4 thousand tons/day, respectively), significantly lower values were noted in 2019 and 2021 (20,3 and 13,9 thousand tons/day, respectively). The maximum sulfate runoff for the entire period of hydrochemical monitoring on the Amur River near Khabarovsk was observed during the historical flood in 2013 (1800 thousand tons). The second largest runoff (1543 thousand tons) was observed during a less prolonged flood in 2020.
E.E. KONONOV
V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: restructuring, reconstruction, paleogeography, tectonics, drainage channels, age
The article discusses published materials containing hypotheses about the history of the origin and development of ancient valleys within a relatively small area along the western edge of the Baikal depression. The results of geological surveys of various scales, carried out within the study area, are used. A comprehensive analysis of the materials reviewed has shown the inconsistency of the hypothesis about the young age of the ancient pra-Manzur valley and the catastrophic nature of this lake water drainage channel. The results of the author’s special narrow-focused studies have clearly established the existence of an ancient channel for the drainage of Baikal waters and indicated the location of the drainage cut. The study of the morphometric features of the pebble material, and structural and textural features of the sediments has shown that the Manzur alluvium was formed by a river comparable in size and hydrodynamic characteristics to the flow of the Angara River. The studies of the Manzur deposits conducted in recent years and their new multiple dating have confidently confirmed the time range of the functioning of the pra-Manzurka from the Early Pliocene up to and including the Early Pleistocene. The restructuring of the river network in the Central Baikal region that began in the first half of the Early Pleistocene led to the cessation of the pra-Manzur flow direction and the formation of new river systems within the Onot watershed: the Manzurka, Lena, Buguldeika, Goloustnaya and Anga. It has been established that the Buguldeika River formed its channel approximately 450 thousand years ago. According to biological data, the modern diatom community is very young; it began to form at the same time. The temporal proximity of this event in the biological history of the lake with the restructuring of the ancient river network is not accidental. Biological data confirm significant changes in the paleogeographic environment at this time. It is assumed that the formation of the paleodelta to the south of the modern delta of the Goloustnaya River may be associated with the paleo-Goloustnaya River, which could have begun to function immediately after the rupture of the pra-Manzur drainage channel and ceased its activity at the beginning of the Tyi phase of orogenesis.
I.A. BELOZERTSEVA1,2, I.B. VOROBYEVA1, N.V. VLASOVA1 1V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 2V.M. Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: surface waters, snow, soils, vegetation, technogenesis, recreation
The article presents the results of the research carried out on the basis of field and desktop analytical studies conducted in 2024 on the southwestern shore of Lake Baikal. Samples of snow, surface waters, soil and vegetation were collected at key sites. Geochemical parameters of the main components of the natural environment near the settling tanks, industrial site of the BPPM, and coastal settlements with a high recreational load are presented. It was found that the content of heavy and alkaline earth metals, SO42- , NO3- , NH4+ , PO43- ions in snow near the village of Kultuk and the towns of Slyudyanka and Baikalsk exceeded background values; concentrations of NH4+ , Pb and petroleum products in snow water exceeded the MAC and APC. The main sources of pollution are construction and road enterprises, thermal power plants, boiler houses, railway and automobile transport, waste landfills, and settling tanks. The sources of surface water pollution with phosphates and ammonium are housing and communal service facilities. Soil pollution with heavy metals has been detected in the recreational and industrial zones located on the lake shore. Regional features of correlations between the concentrations of macro- and microelements in soils and the hydrogen index, organic carbon content, and physical clay fraction have been identified, which indicates the presence of biogeochemical barriers where they accumulate in concentrations above the MAC. The biological absorption coefficient showed a dependence on acid-alkali conditions. The coefficient of migration of microelements into surface waters from soils is low. However, in the coastal waters of the lake, concentrations of heavy metals exceed the MAC for fishery waters due to their large amount in soils. Macroelements have a higher migration intensity. It has been established that, the concentrations of fluorides, phosphates, ammonium, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen exceed the background levels in the waters of the settling tank, the estuary zones of the Khara-Murino, Kharlakta, Utulik rivers and in the coastal waters of the lake near Baikalsk, Utulik, Slyudyanka and Kultuk.
D.N. BALYKIN, N.M. KOVALEVSKAYA, A.V. PUZANOV, S.N. BALYKIN, A.V. SALTYKOV
Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Barnaul, Russia
Keywords: macroelements, microelements, total content, soils, Yamal Peninsula, soil horizons
The article presents the results of studies on the elemental chemical composition of cryozems in the Bovanenkovo oil and gas condensate field (Yamal Peninsula). Due to the intensive development of hydrocarbon deposits the anthropogenic load on natural ecosystems of the cryolithozone is growing in the conditions of a changing climate, which can lead to a change in the geochemical background and migration of chemical elements in the soil and vegetation cover. The main physical and chemical properties and granulometric composition of the soils were determined. The total content of macro- and microelements K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, As, Pb, Th, U was assessed and general patterns of their profile distribution were identified. The average values of element concentration clarkes (CC) were calculated. It was established that in the soil samples of organic horizons CC > 1 for Br, Cd, Ag, As, Se, Zn, Pb, Mn, Fe, Ni, Y, Zr, Sb, Cr, V, Cu, Ge. In mineral horizons, CC > 1 for Ag, Br, As, Cd, Zr, Mo, Sb. A comparative analysis of the element content of in the soils of the Bovanenkovo OGCF with the regional geochemical background was carried out. It was revealed that the organic horizons of cryozems differed from the mineral ones by a higher total content of macro- and microelements. Zones of macro- and micronutrient accumulation in suprapermafrost soil horizons have been identified. The results of the study showed that the content and pattern of the profile distribution of elements in soils were due to the granulometric composition of soil-forming rocks, as well as accumulation at the biogeochemical, oxidative and permafrost barriers. A close positive correlation (r = 0.8 - 0.9) was revealed in the mineral horizons of soils between: concentrations of Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb, Y, Nb, Sn, Sb, Pb, Th and the content of physical clay; Ca, Ni, Cu, Br, Sr, Mo, Cd and organic matter; Ni, Cu, Nb, Sn, Sb, As, Pb, Th, Cd, Mn, Zn, Rb, Y, Pb and the total iron content.
L.I. INISHEVA1, M.S. DOSTOVALOVA2 1Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Tomsk, Russia 2Gorno-Altaisk Branch of the Siberian Regional Center for State Monitoring of the Subsoil, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Gidrospetsgeologiya”, Maima, Russia
Keywords: swamp formation process, peat deposit, swamp, age, peat formation rate, carbon balance
The article analyzes literary, archive and our own research data on peat accumulation during the Holocene. The dynamics of the process at the present stage is considered. It is shown that the process of paludification in the territory of Gorny Altai has a clear dependence on the relief dissection. It is determined that within this territory there are two large sublatitudinal zones of areal development of swamps, which are characterized by weak and medium relief dissection. In the northern part of Gorny Altai, this zone of areal development of swamps covers low-mountain and mid-mountain flattened spaces; in the southern part, it is recorded within the high-mountain uplands, tablelands, plateaus and intermountain basins. It is established that the trigger factors of paludification in the study area are represented by meteorological, hydrological and hydrogeological parameters. The features of spatial (zonal) dynamics of the peat growth rate in general for the Holocene, as well as the patterns of their change by the Holocene periods have been revealed. Peat formation rates in each zone of Gorny Altai have been determined for the first time. In the low-mountain zone, extreme values of the peat formation rate (0,1-0,7 mm/year) refer to the Middle and Late Holocene. In the mid-mountain zone, extreme values of the peat formation rate date back to the Early and Middle Holocene (0,03-1,0 mm/year), while in the high-mountain zone - to the Late Holocene with a wide range of values (from 0,05 to 2,3 mm/year). The carbon balance study of swamps in the north-eastern part of Gorny Altai has provided evidence of progressive peat formation process in the modern period.
S.V. KHARCHENKO1,2, A.V. KOTENKOV1,2, E.V. LEBEDEVA2 1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 2Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: volcanogenic and fluvial terrain, river valleys, slope processes, landslides, predictive modeling, geothermal anomalies
The Geysernaya River valley in Kamchatka, known for its unique hydrothermal manifestations, has experienced activation of slope processes, mainly landslide ones, in recent decades. Three large landslides that occurred in 1981, 2007 and 2014 led to significant changes in the morphology of the valley and the activity mode of some geysers. The article presents an assessment of the susceptibility of the Geysernaya River valley to landslide development, performed using the landslide susceptibility modeling (LSM) approach based on the RandomForest algorithm. Unlike traditional landslide hazard assessment methods, LSM analyzes spatial relationships between past landslide occurrences and a range of natural factors. The model incorporated geological, geomorphological and hydro-geomorphological characteristics, as well as surface thermal anomalies derived from Landsat-8 data for 2017-2021, minus topographic effects (i.e. only as a consequence of the earth’s heat flow, albedo and weather differences). The modeling results indicate that the most landslide-hazardous areas are concentrated along the left side of the Geysernaya River valley within fault zones (mainly along the circular fault of the caldera edge), elevated thermal anomaly zones ( ΔT > 5 ° C) and at the contact between weakly lithified volcanogenic-lacustrine deposits (tuff sandstones, tuff gravelites and tuff siltstones) and more resistant extrusive rocks (dacites and liparites). Also, high landslide probabilities are noted on the right side of the valley in the near-edge parts of the Krugloe Plateau and the Geysernaya Extrusion. At the same time, the Shumnaya River valley segment, characterized by similar geological and geomorphological conditions, but lacking active gas-hydrothermal vents, exhibits significantly lower landslide susceptibility values. Here, the near-edge parts of the Shirokoe and Krugloe Plateaus within the considered valley area are most susceptible to landslide processes. Heterogeneous lithology is one of the most essential predictors of landslide susceptibility for both valleys.
D.A. BUBNOVICH1,2, E.I. NAGOVITSINA2,3, A.D. OVECHKINA2 1Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia 2Regional State Budgetary Institution “Competence Center”, Irkutsk, Russia 3V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: Irkutsk agglomeration, territorial-administrative approach, transport approach, territorial planning scheme, socio-economic development strategy
The article examines the uncertainty of the concept of “agglomeration” in regional and federal documents of strategic and territorial planning, as well as in scientific literature. As a result of the analysis of documents of various levels, as well as scientific works by reputable authors in this field, a comparative table has been formed, allowing us to trace the dynamics of the term of “urban agglomeration”. Most of the given definitions indicate that an agglomeration requires a “core”, satellites and production, economic, social and transport links between them. Practical approaches to identifying the boundaries of the Irkutsk agglomeration, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the national project “Safe High-Quality Roads”, the Strategy for Socio-Economic Development of Irkutsk Oblast until 2036 and the main document of territorial planning of the region, i.e. the Scheme of Territorial Planning of Irkutsk Oblast, two approaches to identifying the boundaries of the agglomeration, reflecting the differences in its delimitation, are substantiated, namely: transport and territorial-administrative. The approach of the national project is based on the development of transport infrastructure, while the approach reflected in the Strategy and the Scheme of Territorial Planning takes into account the principle of territorial indivisibility and time intervals of accessibility to the core of the Irkutsk agglomeration - the city of Irkutsk. The article considers the provisions of the draft federal law “On Urban Agglomerations”, which for the first time provides an approved list of criteria for identifying an agglomeration, such as the presence of a center, the average density of territorial entities that make up the agglomeration, and transport accessibility of peripheral territories in relation to the core. In addition to defining the criteria, this project will make it possible to consolidate the terminological base for agglomerations, establish legal and organizational conditions for their functioning, and determine the powers of regional and municipal authorities in managing agglomeration processes.
L.S. TSYDYPOVA, TS.B. DASHPILOV
V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: clan group, Khongodor, Bulagat, sacred landscape, tree, cultural traditions
The present-day coverage of ideas about geographical research of sacred loci of the region shows key elements of cultural and spiritual identity of local communities, and reveals their importance for preserving traditional values and natural-ecological balance. The article considers the characteristic features of the formation of ancestral sanctuaries of the ethnoterritorial group of the Buryat ethnos - the Alar Buryats in the context of the cultural landscape. The actual basis was the authors’ field research, which was carried out in the village of Gotol and the municipal unit “Nygda” of the Alarsky district of Irkutsk oblast, as well as statistical data and archival materials. The objects of the study were the shamanic sacred places “Negdeyn Ybged, Tөөdeyd” and “Gotoloy Ybged” near the settlements of Nygda and Gotol. These places are associated with the clan groups of the Khongodor and Bulagat tribes and serve as spiritual centers where ancestor worship rituals are held. Using the methods of cultural geography, the features of sacred places, their connections and dynamics in the ethnocultural and natural landscape were identified. The role of sacred places in preserving the traditions of family and clan groups of the Buryats was analyzed, including the state of natural conditions and the economic specificity of the areas of development. All this made it possible to determine the features of the sacred landscape and the distribution of settlement sites taking into account political and social changes, showing the historical and geographical continuity and stability of self-identification of ethnic communities. Based on the historical and geographical approach, data on the specificity of sacred places associated with settlement areas are summarized. Field observation materials confirm the importance of cultural traditions of local groups, their features and role in settling the space. Sacred places not only preserve historical memory, but are also markers of ethnic self-identification. The results show that sacred landscapes are threatened by deforestation, disturbance of the soil cover and insufficient coordination between the authorities and local communities. The areas of sacred places that developed in the 17th - early 19th centuries demonstrate sustainability in relation to modern economic development of the Alarsky district of Irkutsk oblast.
N.E. KRASNOSHTANOVA1, T.K. VLASOVA2 1V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 2Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: monitoring, socio-ecological territorial systems, Arctic, Far North, sustainability
The article considers the basic concepts and presents a theoretical overview of approaches and methods for socially oriented monitoring of sustainability of socio-ecological territorial systems of the North and the Arctic. It presents the results of practical application of approaches to data collection and analysis for assessing sustainability of socio-ecological territorial systems in the context of new industrial development using the example of the northernmost municipality of Irkutsk oblast - the Katangsky district, the only one in the region that belongs to the territories of the Far North. Industrial development of natural resources of this region was long held back by its remoteness from developed centers and the lack of infrastructure. After the construction of the Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean oil pipeline, active industrial development of hydrocarbon deposits discovered in Soviet times and the search for new ones began. As a result of geological exploration, the reserves of raw materials have increased, and the immediate prospects for the development of the region are inextricably linked with the industrial development of natural resources. The conducted socially oriented monitoring of sustainability of socio-ecological territorial systems using multi-scale, interdisciplinary and problem-strategic approaches made it possible to identify the problems of creating sustainable socio-ecological territorial systems of the Katangsky district and to determine the ways of their solution. Industrial development of natural resources of the territory has a significant impact on all components of the socio-ecological system of the territory under study. It has been revealed that a comprehensive solution is required for problems in all three spheres of life of the population of the region: natural-ecological, socio-economic and socio-cultural, as well as administrative-managerial. The documents of strategic development of the Katangsky district contain a number of tasks to increase the sustainability of socio-ecological territorial systems, at the same time, the results of sociological studies to identify the opinion of the local population made it possible to formulate these tasks to a fuller extent.
I.P. BARANOV
Institute of Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
Keywords: isostasy, hydrostatic equilibrium, vertical equilibrium, horizontal equilibrium, relief plasticity
The article presents a method for calculating the vectors of geological mass distribution using the “Relief Plasticity” technology and the author’s method for determining the potential of lithodynamic flows, structures and systems. The lengths of flow-vectors and their deflection angles are taken as a basis. All results have been converted to the metric system. The method was tested on two lithodynamic structures located in India (the Brahmaputra River valley) and Russia (the Crimean Mountains). Calculations have shown that the vectors of the geological masses of both structures are distributed in such a way that their difference tends to zero, and therefore to equilibrium. Thus, in the lithosphere, the processes of mass equilibration occur simultaneously in both vertical and horizontal directions. In addition, it has been found that a landslide body separated from the main mass of the mountain structure threatens the overall equilibrium state of the entire structure, which can be restored by the appearance of a new landslide. This work can be used both at the initial stage of understanding equilibrium in the horizontal plane and in practice. A number of examples given in the article and obtained outside the scope of the study suggested that, along with the electromagnetic field and gravity, the principle of dynamic equilibrium is present everywhere in nature, in this case, in the lithosphere. This is a natural state of matter. The use of this knowledge by a person will allow taking into account and controlling not only the processes in the lithosphere, but also economic activities: in territorial planning, construction, recreation, emergency prevention, etc.
B.I. KOCHUROV1, V.B. KOROBOV2, A.S. LOKHOV2 1Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: system paradigm, components, hierarchy, directed graph, landscape structure, cybernetics
In the 1960s and 1970s, Academician Viktor Borisovich Sochava developed a theory of geographical systems, which marked the beginning of a new direction in the Earth science. Over the past 60 years, the scientific worldview has significantly changed. These changes have also affected the theory of geosystems. The authors have studied the development paths of the theory of geosystems. It has been concluded that the main provisions of this theory are conceptually relevant today. It is shown that a number of ways of development of the theory of geosystems were laid down by V.B. Sochava at the very beginning of this theory development. The creation of a unified theory about the hierarchical structural and functional basis of natural systems is practically recognized, which makes it possible to organize environmental management in such a way that it is adapted to the natural territory organization as a unified, sustainable functioning system. The article considers some directions of further development of the theory of geosystems, such as the functioning of natural complexes in the presence of weak connections between components and the application of the graph theory to study internal and external interactions. An effective method for studying geosystems is fractal analysis, which enables to relate the density and distribution of natural and anthropogenic components and elements with their stability and self-regulation.
V.I. BLANUTSA
V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: human geography, tactile communication, circular delay, domain placement, regional information flow, territorial adaptation
According to forecasts, the deployment of the Tactile Internet based on the sixth-generation telecommunication network will begin in the next decade. To achieve this, it is necessary to ensure ultrareliable and minimal-latency transmission of not only traditional data (text, audio, video), but also tactile sensations (touch, pressure, vibration, roughness, etc.). For this purpose, an architecture consisting of three domains has already been developed, and devices for reading tactile sensations, converting them into digital recording and remote playback are being improved. However, there is not a single work in the world science on the possible socio-geographical consequences of the tactile communication deployment. This study defines the contours of future directions of the geographical study of the Tactile Internet based on a comparison of the methodological capabilities of human geography with the specifics of tactile data transmission over a telecommunication network. Using the author’s semantic search algorithm, which is an iterative machine learning system, the necessary publications have been selected in domestic and international bibliographic databases. Their analysis made it possible to identify the key parameters of the Tactile Internet and assess the level of geographical knowledge of the problem under consideration. It has been established that the lack of geographical research on tactile communication can be compensated to some extent by the human-geographical study of the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and 5G/6G wireless communications. Five promising scientific directions have been identified, which are conventionally called remotely delayed, spatial domain, regional streaming, boundary computing and territorial adaptive. The stages of development for each direction are highlighted and priority research questions are formulated. Possible fields of application of the results of the geographical study of the Tactile Internet are given.
S.M. SIVAND1, B. DURIN2, D. DOGANCIC3, A. AFRASIABIAN4 1Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2University North, Varazdin, Croatia 3University of Zagreb, Varazdin, Croatia 4Graz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Graz, Austria
Keywords: karst, water resources, carbonate formations, groundwater, freshwater demand, karst hydrogeology
The fractured karstified rocks covering more than 90 % of the territory of the Zagros Range (Iran), which makes well-developed karst aquifers the main hydrogeological characteristic of the range, are investigated. It is shown that the increased demand for freshwater has led to the need for new studies of karst waters in the Zagros region. It is revealed that the presence of surface and subsurface karst features and strong discharge from springs feeding the alluvial aquifer make the Iranian Zagros Range a unique hydrogeological region. It is established that the primary porosity of limestone and intensive fracturing caused by tectonic activity facilitate the groundwater flow in karst areas. It is concluded that the study of the karst hydrogeology features in Zagros will lead to a better understanding of karst aquifers overall and help to overcome the problem of drinking water shortage in the region. The accurate and complete data on the number of wells, springs and extraction sites, as well as the volume of water extracted from these reservoirs, are necessary to ensure the protection and preservation of these resources.
E.P. BAZAROVA1, O.I. KADEBSKAYA2, E.A. TSURIKHIN3, A.M. KONONOV4 1Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 2Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia 3Ural Branch of the Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Ekaterinburg, Russia 4Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: cave, minerals, groundwater, isotopy, Gissar Range
The morphology, chemical and isotopic composition of mineral deposits of three caves in the high-mountain region of the Surkhantau Range, located in the southeast of Uzbekistan, have been studied for the first time. The range is part of the southwestern spurs of the Gissar Range, which belongs to the Gissar-Alai mountain system of the Southern Tien Shan. Four types of mineral deposits have been identified in the caves under consideration, the most significant of which are water-chemogenic formations. These deposits, morphologically represented by aggregates of gravitational, subaqueous, corallite-crystallictite crusts, cave powder and fibrous formations, are composed mainly of calcite with inclusions of fluorapatite, barite, magnetite, goethite, rutile, plagioclase, epidote and quartz. The deposits from the entrance part of the Vishnevsky Cave are distinguished by an increase in d13С with almost identical d18О values, which indicates negative temperatures. The data on the composition of groundwater are presented, and the conditions of their formation during speleolithogenesis are described based on hydrogeochemical and isotope studies. The isotopic composition of karst waters is indicative of the predominance of winter snow feeding. Large calcite aggregates and a thick layer of loose sediments in underground cavities provide evidence of the formation of caves in warm and humid climates by abundant watercourses with a feeding area in non-karst sandstones, which are currently almost destroyed by erosion. At present, the development of underground cavities continues in the bottom parts due to the activity of groundwater and in the entrance parts due to landslide processes.
The article presents methodological guidelines for assessing the territory of the Lori region of the Republic of Armenia based on the results of the analysis of the tourism potential of its natural resources. The assessment methodology based on scientific data uses a scoring system that allows taking into account natural resources reserves. The features of applying methodological tools for obtaining an integral assessment of the region’s tourism potential are considered. The study area was fragmented into a network of square-shaped operational territorial cells. After that, centroids were calculated for each square, to which the calculated scores corresponding to the selected criteria were attached. On this basis, further analysis and mapping were carried out using the Spatial Analyst Tools set. When assessing and mapping the tourism potential of the natural resources of the Lori region, the ArcMap 10.8 tools were used. A multifunctional method for a generalized assessment of all the selected components of natural conditions and resources is proposed. It is shown that the method makes it possible to form an idea of the natural resource reserves of the Lori region and to determine the fundamental areas of tourism activity. The main attention is focused on the description of the development of standards for the selected assessment criteria; the scoring system was analyzed. It is recommended to use this method for those regions tourism potential of which has not previously been analyzed and assessed.
