F.I. Zhimulev, A.V. Kotlyarov, M.A. Fidler, N.A. Bekhterev
V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Ophiolites, mélange, olistostromes, subduction, accretionary prism, flysch, oceanic island basalt, Altai-Sayan orogenic area
The Alambay mélange zone is located within the interior of the early Paleozoic Salair Orogen (fold-thrust structure) and is the northern link of the Alambay-Kaim tectonic zone of the Salair Ridge and the Altai Mountains. In paleotectonic terms, the Salair Orogen is part of the Kuznetsk-Altai paleoisland-arc system. The Alambay mélange zone is comprised of two types of mélange: serpentinite and terrigenous. The mélange contains microquartzite, basalt, and limestone blocks. The terrigenous mélange contains a block of garnet amphibolite, and the serpentinite mélange has gabbroid blocks. In terms of geochemical features, gabbroid and garnet amphibolite from the Alambay mélange zone can be attributed to island-arc rock. Chromite from serpentinized hyperbasite in this zone has an increased content of chromium and magnesium, which is also typical for chromite from suprasubduction hyperbasite. The mélange basalt is categorized as an oceanic island basalt and distinguished by a high content of titanium and niobium. There are two morphological varieties of terrigenous mélange. One of them is characterized by the prevalence of inclusions over the matrix and the dominance of limestone and oceanic island basalt within inclusions. The other variety is notable for the prevalence of the matrix over inclusions, and its main type of inclusions is aposilicic microquartzite. The genesis of the Alambay mélanges can be explained using the oceanic plate stratigraphy model [Wakita, 2015]. This model describes the dependence of the composition of subduction mélange on the position of a sole thrust between the subducting plate and the accretionary prism. Within the framework of this model, two varieties of a terrigenous subduction mélange are identified. One of them is a limestone-basalt mélange formed during seamount subduction, and the other one is a sandstone-cherty mélange whose formation corresponds to décollement position along the base of the sedimentary bed of the subducting plate. The formation of the mélange assemblage dates back to 500 Ma and precedes the accumulation of the Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician Green-Violet Group flysch and its analogs, suggesting that the Alambay mélange zone is of Late Cambrian age. The important role of fragments of the island-arc base in the serpentinite and terrigenous subduction mélanges indicates that the Cambrian subduction zone was characterized by tectonic erosion conditions under which the material of the advancing plate was entrained into the subduction zone. The sole thrusts in the subduction zone, along which the material was exhumed into the accretionary wedge, were located along the base of the oceanic sediments, at the base of seamounts, and inside the hanging wall of the subduction zone.
D.V. Kuzmin, A.A. Tomilenko, D.S. Yudin
V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: High-Ba phlogopite, kimberlite, Malokuonapskaya pipe, 40Ar/39Ar age
We present new data on high-Ba phlogopites first discovered in kimberlite of the Malokuonapskaya pipe. The studied phlogopites can be divided into two groups: (1) megacrysts up to 2 mm in size with a BaO content of up to 0.58 wt.%, characterized by an increase in the content of this component from core to edge (with direct zoning for BaO), and (2) zoned crystals up to 200 μm in size, containing inclusions of minerals of the kimberlite groundmass, with a BaO content of up to 14.6 wt.% in the cores, regularly decreasing to 1 wt.% toward the edges. The two generations of mica formed in different and unrelated processes. Crystallization of megacrysts took place at the earliest stages of the evolution of kimberlite melt. The slight increase in Ba content from the core to the edges of phenocrysts might be the result of the evolution of kimberlite melt leading to its enrichment in incompatible elements. Phlogopites of group 2 formed at a later stage, together with the groundmass minerals. High Ba contents in these phlogopites are possible in the case of the strong enrichment of the kimberlite melt with light elements. The refertilized lithosphere under the influence of the Siberian traps might have been the source of these elements. 40Ar/39Ar dating of the phlogopite yielded an age of 232.1 ± 2.6 Ma.
R.G. Kravtsova, A.S. Makshakov, V.L. Tauson, N.V. Bryansky, S.V. Lipko
A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: Arsenopyrite, surface, gold, LA-ICP-MS, XPS, distribution, degree of concentration, Natalka deposit
Using the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) complex, with the involvement of X -ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we obtained new data on the distribution and the degree of concentration of “invisible” gold on the native surface of arsenopyrite crystals from the Natalka gold deposit (northeastern Russia). The study has shown that these parameters are intimately related to the formation conditions of the deposit. The highest contents of Au are detected on the surface of arsenopyrite crystals formed at the hydrothermal stage of ore generation, and the minimum ones are found on the surface of crystals formed at the early metamorphogenic stage. The extreme variability of the gold distribution profile and contents even within the surface of a single crystal is best pronounced in arsenopyrite of vein and veinlet-vein ores, which is due to the instability of the physicochemical parameters of the processes of hydrothermal ore formation at the later stages of the deposit formation. Basically, these are oxidation processes that lead to a change in the composition of the primary (as-grown) nonautonomous phases and to the redistribution of gold in the surface layer of the crystal, containing highly charged arsenic species, As5+ and As3+. The intricate and long-term metamorphic/magmatic genesis of the giant Natalka gold deposit has been confirmed. The high contents of “invisible” gold in the easily destroyed surface layer of sulfides during enrichment are of significant practical interest for the extraction of gold from “refractory” ores, as they increase the quality and value of the mined raw materials.
E.F. Sinyakova1, D.A. Ulybin1,2,3, K.A. Kokh1, I.A. Kuzmin1 1V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Cu-Fe-Ni-S system, phase equilibrium, zonality, fractional crystallization
The quasi-equilibrium directional crystallization method to model a new type of zoning in the Cu-Fe-Ni-S system was applied. A melt is crystallized with the following composition (in at.%): 14.00 Cu, 30.00 Fe, 4.00 Ni, 51.00 S, and 0.1 each of Pt, Pd, Ag, Au, As, Te, Bi, Pb, Se, and Sn. We use optical and electron microscopy, micro-X-ray spectral analysis, differential thermal analysis, and powder diffraction to study the composition and structure of the ingot. Based on the results of measuring the average solid phase composition, the distribution curves of macrocomponents in the ingot have been constructed in the range of g from 0 to 0.81 ( g is the fraction of crystallized melt). The variations in the melt composition and distribution coefficients between solid phases and the melt in directional crystallization have also been calculated. The obtained sample consists of three primary zones: monosulfide solid solution with the composition ranging from (Fe0.75Ni0.10Cu0.06)0.91S to (Fe0.69Ni0.15Cu0.09)0.93S (Mss) in Zone I and two intermediate solid solutions: ~ (Fe0.57Ni0.03Cu0.45)1.05S (Iss1) in Zone II and (Fe0.46Ni0.06Cu0.52)1.05S (Iss2) in Zone III. The peritectic character of the crystallization of Iss1 and Iss2 from the melt has been established. The trajectories of the melt and solid phase compositions and series of conodes have been plotted for Mss and Iss1 on the phase diagram of the Cu-Fe-Ni-S system. Secondary zonality is described by the following sequence of phases: Pyh 1C + Pyh 3C + Icb + Ccp/Ccp + Iss + Fe-Pn, Sgk/Ccp + Ni-Pn + NiS + Bn (Pyh - hexagonal pyrrhotite, Icb - isocubanite, Ccp - chalcopyrite, Pn - pentlandite, Sgk - sugakiite, Bn - bornite) and belongs to the high-sulfur pyrrhotite + cubanite-chalcopyrite type of ore body zonation.
A.E. Boguslavskii1,2, O.L. Gaskova1,3, S.M. Sofronova1, A.A. Saraev4, Z.S. Vinokurov4, A.V. Safonov5 1V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 4Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 5Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Uranium adsorption, uranium oxides, groundwater purification, valence state
Since apatite is capable of adsorbing and retaining radionuclides, the experimental removal of uranyl ions (UO22+) from two Ca-containing technogenic and one model solutions was performed by neutralization with a solution of sodium hydrogen phosphate Na2HPO4. The chemical composition of the precipitate was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and its structure was refined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formation of hydroxyapatite was confirmed; two samples also contained CaH(PO4)∙(H2O)2 (brushite), in which up to 15% of calcium was substituted by uranium. Study of the uranium species revealed U4+, U5+, and U6+, with U5+ amounting to 30-35 at.% of the total uranium. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis did not identify precipitate phases with U > 18%. Uranium was detected in the grain rims, which indicates its adsorption. Thermodynamic computation showed the possible formation of individual uranium phases, such as β-UO2.333, β-UO2(OH)2, and NaUO2O(OH) (clarkeite), at the measured Eh-pH. The oversaturation of solutions and the spontaneous formation of solid hydroxyapatite and brushite particles lead to a change in the initial Ca/PO4 ratio; moreover, the P/Ca and Ca/O ratios, as well as the elemental composition in the near-surface layers of three precipitates, are not strictly constant. The newly formed phase contains segregations different in size, the degree of deformation, and sorption surface groups, which is reflected in the mechanism of capture of uranium compounds. The experimental results demonstrate the need for further studies of uranium precipitation during the crystallization of phosphates. The stability of phosphate phases ensures the high reliability of phosphate safety barriers for the uranium extraction facilities. In addition, uranium adsorption by phosphates can be used for remediation of aquifers polluted with radionuclides.
The article summarizes new data on core studies and well logging in the Famennian deposits of the Yugomashevskoye field located in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia). Structurally, the subject is categorized as a model of a rimmed platform with characteristic organogenic buildups and associated facies. The identified sedimentation cyclicity, the secondary processes, and the analysis of changes in the relative sea level make it possible to identify the most common types of porosity confined to a particular part of the section and facies zonality. Transgressive and regressive parts of the cycles are characterized by their specific set of lithotypes and characteristic types of void space. It is revealed that the formation of a void space is affected by the duration and intensity of secondary processes: leaching, dolomitization, and claying associated with the subaerial exposure. Moreover, this work substantiates the division of carbonate structures of this region into three types that differ in terms position, morphology, and manifestation of hypergene transformations, as reflected in the differentiation of types of void space of host rocks and their potential in terms of reservoir characteristics.
G.I. Mishukova1, A.V. Yatsuk2, V.F. Mishukov1 1V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia 2Sirius University of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Ecology and Climate Change, Krasnodar Krai, pr. Olimpiisky 1, Russia
Keywords: Methane, fluxes, concentrations, impurity transport, Peter the Great Gulf, Sea of Japan
We present the research results based on experimental data obtained during the expedition of the R/V Akademik Oparin to the Peter the Great Gulf (cruise No. 54, October 2017). Methane fluxes at the water-atmosphere boundary have been calculated for each sampling point using the measured concentrations of dissolved methane in the seawater surface layer and methane in the near-surface atmosphere, temperature, salinity, and wind speed. In all cases, the concentrations of dissolved methane in the seawater surface layer exceed the values in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Methane fluxes from the sea surface vary from 1 to 981 mol/km2·day with an average value of 7.1 ± 4.5 mol/km2·day. The most intense emission has been observed near the mouth of the Tumen River. Gas-saturated sediments with inclusions of subaqueous authigenic minerals have been discovered on the continental slope. The analysis of geological and hydrochemical information has revealed areas of methane influx from bottom sediments. The application of models of current fields and advective impurity transport during the expedition provides the opportunity to determine the prospective zones with increased concentrations of dissolved methane and also to identify for the first time an underwater source of groundwater discharge (presumably the element of the Tumen paleochannel), which affects the distribution of dissolved methane concentrations and salinity in the subsurface waters of the gulf. Comparison of calculated and experimental data on methane transport has shown their spatial coincidence. The calculations have established that tidal currents determine not only the local maxima of methane concentrations and fluxes from the sea surface in certain areas of the gulf but also its transport to the pelagic waters in the western part of the Central Basin of the Sea of Japan.
The problem of an inhomogeneous distribution influence of properties and geometry on the stress-strain state of a 500 km thick block model under the influence of gravity within the framework of the medium behavior of an elastic-plastic model is considered. The calculations were carried out in a 2D formulation of a plain strain state for a rectangular and cylindrical profile, taking into account the curvature of the Earth’s surface. It is shown that anomalies of the stress-strain state and zones of irreversible deformation development are determined primarily by the heterogeneous nature of the structure, the presence of density and rheological anomalies. The geometry of the models significantly affects primarily the stress state in the crust, taking into account the curvature of the lithosphere where the greatest shear strength determines the development of irreversible deformation depending on the heterogeneity of the environment. In this work, numerical modeling was carried out to assess the influence of the geometric factor on the stress-strain state of the lithosphere. The initial geometry of the medium was constructed on the basis of a seismic model along the Craton profile in rectangular and cylindrical coordinates with a length of 3600 km and a depth of 500 km. A comparison of the obtained solutions was carried out. The change in the stress-strain state during the lifting and immersion of a medium block in a cylindrical problem formulation is considered. It is shown that vertical displacements in such a formulation have a noticeable effect on horizontal stresses and can lead to the development of irreversible deformation. It has been established that the deviation of shear stresses from horizontal ones at the daytime surface is negligible in the case of a cylindrical formulation of the problem with successive layer-by-layer build-up of the crust. The maximum deviation is achieved in the middle part of the deformed layer.
M.I. Epov1, S.I. Markov1,2, E.I. Shtanko1, D.V. Dobrolyubova1,2 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Specific electrical conductivity, anisotropy, digital core, numerical simulation
Drilling fluid containing a solid dispersed phase penetrates into the surrounding rocks when drilling wells. A colmatation zone may form depending on the size ratio of clay particles (cuttings) and pores, which leads to a significant change in the transport and electrical characteristics of the near-wellbore space. The latter are especially important for reliable interpretation of well logging data, since a directional change in the pore space structure can cause anisotropy of physical properties of the rock. The colmatation process is irreversible and almost irreproducible in laboratory conditions. Its study is based on numerical experiments aimed at analyzing physical characteristics of sedimentary rock samples (sandstones) using their digital models. This article considers the the problem of calculating their effective tensor of specific electrical conductivity at different volumetric saturation of the pore space with clay-based drilling mud, formation water and oil. The effect of the volume content of the indicated phases on the anisotropy of the samples’ specific electrical conductivity is shown using data from non-destructive visualization of their internal structure.
The configuration of acoustic and magnetic fields which provides lateral acoustic oscillations in well conditions in a porous saturated medium is considered. An alternating magnetic field creates an acoustic response at the interface of media with high acoustic amplitude during electroacoustic conversion. The nature of the dependence of amplitudes on the parameters of the medium is described. The possibility of simultaneous determination of three kinetic coefficients (electrical conductivity, acoustoelectric parameter, permeability) is shown.
M.A. Sukonkin, P.Yu. Pushkarev
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Magnetotelluric sounding, suppression of near-surface distortions, normalization of MT sounding curves
A significant problem with the magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) method is the influence of local near-surface inhomogeneities that distort MTS data across the entire frequency range. These distortions complicate the analysis and interpretation of data and, ultimately, the acquisition of information about the deep structures being studied. A widely used method for suppressing near-surface distortions is the normalization of MTS curves using spatial low-pass filtering. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, including using weight functions proposed by the authors. A simple geoelectric model of the Earth’s crust containing a conductive sedimentary cover, a high-resistivity basement, and a three-dimensional conductive depression in the basement was compiled. Two model variants with a homogeneous upper part of the section and with multiple local near-surface inhomogeneities were considered. A synthetic magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) dataset was calculated for a system of profiles using three-dimensional modeling. The effect of near-surface distortions is observed from the data of the second version of the model, leading to a shift by level in the MTS amplitude curves. MTS curves were normalized using smoothing filters in a sliding window with different radiuses to suppress the distorting effect of near-surface inhomogeneities. Various weight functions of the filters were used, namely: for distance from the center of the sliding window, for the difference in amplitude from the average in the window and for the difference in the main directions determined by the polar diagrams of the module of the main component of the impedance tensor and the main component of the phase tensor. In general, the experimental results showed a high efficiency of normalization of the main components of the impedance tensor and the telluric tensor, and a lower efficiency of normalization of additional components.
D.V. Metelkin1,2, E.V. Vinogradov1,2, A.A. Eliseev1,2, M.E. Luzan1,2, V.V. Abashev3 1Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Geological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Hotspots, mantle plumes, geodynamo, geomagnetic reversal frequency, paleointensity, geocentric axial dipole, equatorial dipole, anomalous geomagnetic field, global magnetic anomalies, absolute plate reconstructions
We present an analysis of modern paleomagnetic data from large igneous provinces and palaeorift structures in Siberia and the High Arctic that are potentially related to mantle plumes. The interrelationship between plume magmatism, geomagnetic reversal frequency, and field intensity over the last 600 Myr exhibits a periodicity of 70–100 Myr. Periods of mantle plume activity were preceded by an increase in geomagnetic reversal frequency, accompanied by a decrease in geomagnetic field intensity. Our proposed hypothesis explains this effect by changes in the thermal convection in the Earth’s outer core while mantle plumes are regarded as regulators of the state of the hydromagnetic dynamo. “Overheating” of the core increased the turbulence of convective currents, and therefore, the amount of reversals. During reversals, the value of the main component of the geomagnetic field – the geocentric axial dipole – first fell to zero and returned to high values only afer a full reversal of the poles. Reduction of relaxation time in periods of frequent reversals led to prolonged low values of the absolute intensity of the geomagnetic field. Mantle plumes forming during such periods could remove the excess heat and stabilize the state of the geodynamo, even almost completely stopping reversals. We link the Vendian and Devonian geomagnetic phenomena to periods of ultra-frequent reversals. During these extended periods of low value of the axial dipole, the configuration of the geomagnetic field was determined by low-order non-zonal harmonics and by the global magnetic anomalies. We observe a qualitative coincidence of the position of paleopoles with centers of lower mantle gravitational and magnetic anomalies and postulate that the anomalies were stationary. This is the basis for substantiating a new reference framework for paleotectonic reconstructions in absolute coordinates. Examples of reconstructions made using this system also agree with the hypothesis of stationary hotspots. From the terminal Precambrian to the Mesozoic inclusively, the Siberian paleocontinent was located in the area of effect of the African mantle hot field, migrating northwards along the 0° meridian from the latitude of Tristan da Cunha to that of Iceland.
V.S. Shatsky1,2,3, A.L. Ragozin1, V.N. Reutsky1, V.V. Kalinina1 1 V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 3 A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: inclusions in diamonds, diamond formation, mantle, subduction zone
Evidence of the involvement of Fe-C-O melts in diamond formation from placers in the northeastern Siberian Craton, along with our previously obtained data on iron carbide inclusions and literature sources, has provided a new perspective on processes diamond formation in subduction zones. Iron carbide and oxide inclusions in diamonds, along with the presence of moissanite and carbonates in polyphase inclusions, indicate a heterogeneous diamond environment. Extreme variations in oxygen fugacity during diamond formation processes can be caused by the generation of hydrogen and hydrocarbons during the interaction of carbonated rocks of the subducting oceanic lithospheric plate with aqueous fluids. Separated hydrocarbon fluids can create local areas of ultra-reduced mantle, where silicon carbide can be formed under conditions of the absence of equilibrium with the surrounding rocks.. A characteristic feature of the diamonds studied is that they were subjected to brittle deformation, followed by crack healing, accompanied by the formation of polyphase inclusions of iron carbides and oxides, which we interpret as melt inclusions. Brittle deformations of diamonds, in the conditions of the lower lithosphere, are explained by high deformation rates, which can be realized in the hypocenters of deep-focus earthquakes of the subducting lithospheric plate, during dehydration processes or the formation of carbonatite melts.
A.N. Didenko1,2, M.Y. Nosyrev2, G.Z. Gilmanova2, M.D. Khutorskoy1 1Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia 2Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics FEB RAS Khabarovsk, Russia
Keywords: Amur Plate, Curie Point Depth, plate boundaries, thermal anomalies and tectonic structures
Based on the results of spectral analysis of the anomalous magnetic field, the depths of the roof and the sole of the magnetically active layer of the Amur Plate and adjacent territories are calculated. The causes of variations in the depth of the sole of the magnetoactive layer (CPD) from 14 to 38 km (average 24 km) have been determined. Maximum CPD depths are observed within sedimentary basins (Erlian, Songliao, Sredneamursky) in the southwest and in the central part of the plate. The areas of minimum depths in the continental part are located in the northwest within the giant granitoid batholiths (Angara-Vitim, Khentei) and in the northeast within the Bureinsky province. The third area of minimum CPD values is located within the waters of the Sea of Japan.
The relatively high elevation of the bottom of the magnetically active layer in the Sea of Japan is associated with rifting processes in the back-arc basin, which began at the end of the Oligocene, and the generation of fluids and magma chambers above the Pacific slab, sinking under the Amur Plate. Two areas of high CPD standing in the continental part of the plate are associated with the presence of two thermal anomalies. The north-western one is explained by the presence of a thermal crustal anomaly due to the process of radioactive heat generation by granitoids of the giant Angara-Vitim, Khangai and Khentei batholiths. Northeastern Bureinskaya – the presence of an anomalous temperature of the mantle here.
A comparison of the newly constructed CPD map with the boundaries of the Amur Plate, previously determined mainly from seismic data, shows that the surface boundaries of the plate coincide mainly with the zones of the greatest CPD gradients. All of them are associated with areas of increased seismic energy generation, with the exception of one small area on the southern border of the Amur Plate at its junction with the Yangtze Plate. In our interpretation, plate boundaries are not just lines on the surface, they are fairly wide zones from tens to the first hundreds of kilometers that encircle the plate.
I.S. Sotnich1, E.A. Kostyreva1 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: organic matter, bitumoids, hydrocarbon biomarkers, pyrolysis, catagenesis, maturity, Bazhenov Formation, Western Siberia.
The article presents the results of detailed organic geochemistry studies being part of a comprehensive (lithological, geochemical, petrophysical) study of the Bazhenov Formation in the Tomsk Region using the IPGG SBRAS methodology for organic matter-rich source rock. As the thermal maturity increases from PK3 to MK2, the content of 'free micro oil' in source rock's pore spaces has been observed to increase. In the same time, there are modifications to the composition of bitumoids (chloroform source rock extracts) from open and closed pores at both the group and molecular levels. Even 'immature' organic matter has been establish to show a difference in bitumoids composition from open and closed pores, which increases as it enters the main phase of oil formation.
D.V. Epishkin1,2, N.I. Zorin3, G.R. Muradyan4, A.G. Yakovlev4 1Geoelectromagnetic Research Center, Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Russia, 2STC Nord-West, Moscow, Russia, 3Center of Geophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 4Department of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: airborne electromagnetics, VLF-EM, RMT, UAV.
The practical feasibility of high-precision measurements of magnetic fields from remote radio transmitters in motion, including on unmanned aerial vehicles, has been demonstrated. The method is based on measuring the Euclidean norm of the full complex magnetic field vector, which makes the results independent of the sensor system's orientation. To compensate for instabilities in the primary field, normalization is performed using a synchronized signal from a stationary base station. Additional accuracy is ensured through pre-flight sensor calibration and post-processing with spatial smoothing filters. Field tests confirmed good reproducibility, with discrepancies between repeated passes below 0.5% of the signal level. In addition, magnetic field maps obtained at different altitudes show strong internal consistency and correlate well with archived ground-based inductive electromagnetic survey data.
Olga V. Molchanova
JSC “Novosibirsk Region Development Corporation”, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: labor resources, migration, foreign labor force, territories, system of indicators, assessment
The article examines issues characterizing the demographic situation and socio-economic development of territories, their mutual influence. A review of scientific publications on the stated issues was conducted. The object of the study was the Russian Federation and the South Siberian macroregion (Altai Republic, Altai Krai, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Tomsk regions), municipalities of the Novosibirsk region. The information basis of the work was open data of the Federal State Statistics Service, territorial bodies of the FSSS, information posted on the websites of the governing bodies of the Novosibirsk region and the mayor’s office of the city of Novosibirsk, the author’s assessments of the discussed problems and processes. Conclusions and recommendations are made.
Tatiana G. Khramtsova
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: labor market, labor force, employment, unemployment rate, need for workers, movement of workers
The assessment of the state of the labor market is traditionally considered from the standpoint of ensuring the economic security of the state. Current trends in the Russian labor market, characterized by a significantly increased demand for personnel in all sectors of the economy, limited labor supply, and record-low unemployment, are unique on the one hand and pose a challenge to the development of the economy as a whole on the other. The article presents the dynamics of the main indicators of the labor market and the factors that caused them, the structural deformation of the market in the context of the digital transformation of the economy, the prospects for the impact of the demographic situation and the underutilization of labor on the state of the labor market. This allowed us to formulate certain areas of influence of the state policy of regulating the labor market.
Tatiana V. Sumskaya
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: science city, scientific and production complex, innovative infrastructure, state support for science cities, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo
The article is devoted to the role of science cities in the innovative and socio-economic development of Russia, with special attention paid to the science city of Koltsovo (Novosibirsk region). Its scientific and production complex and innovative infrastructure are considered. The main indicators of the socio-economic development of the science city of Koltsovo are analyzed in comparison with similar indicators of the Novosibirsk region. Particular attention is paid to the budget of Koltsovo, the dynamics of its income and expenses. The article emphasizes the importance of science cities as key elements of the national innovation system.
Alexander A. Pobedin1,2 1Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Ural Institute of Management, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation 2Ural Federal University named after B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Keywords: trans-regional centers, spatial development, innovation ecosystem, development institutions, interregional interaction, regional policy
The article proposes the concept of trans-regional centers of economic growth as key elements of Russia’s spatial development. The main factors in the formation of these centers are systematized and analyzed: natural-geographical, historical-cultural, sociodemographic, economic, institutional, and technological. The evolution of the significance of factors in modern conditions is substantiated: the decreasing role of resource availability with the increasing importance of human capital, innovation potential, and the quality of the institutional environment. The research results are of interest in the context of implementing the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2030.
Kseniya V. Amosievskaya, Alisa A. Itskovich, Elena S. Shmarikhina
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: crime, youth, time periodization, trend model, seasonal fluctuations
The article defines the age limits of the “youth” category based on the specifics of crime accounting in criminal statistics. The portal of legal statistics and the website of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Russia are used as the main sources of information. The dynamics of the crime rate with the allocation of high, medium and low levels in the Novosibirsk region and in Russia for 2008-2024 is analyzed. The adopted state regulations and regional and municipal programs aimed at reducing youth crime are reflected. A regression model of youth crime in the Novosibirsk region with a linear downward trend was built and a forecast was made until 2026. The seasonality in the identification of criminals among minors and students in the Novosibirsk region is demonstrated.
Crypto-primitives of electronic digital signature (EDS) are quite important components in any information security subsystem of national blockchain ecosystems and platforms. Most of the known EDS schemes are based on the assumption of the computational complexity of large number factorization problems (for example, RSA) or discrete logarithm (such as DSA and ECDSA). However, the obtained scientific and technical results in the field of post-quantum cryptology and quantum computing call into question the sufficiency of the known crypto-primitives of EDS. For this reason, the relevance of new, post-quantum EDS schemes based on such sections of mathematics that are capable of ensuring the quantum stability of the mentioned systems to intruder attacks using a quantum computer is growing. This article presents the results of a critical analysis of the known EDS schemes based on lattice theory. The emphasis is on the practical aspects of using these crypto primitives (efficiency, quantum stability, key size, etc.)
The article considers game-theoretic modeling of researchers’ mobility between cities of own country. Two simple game-theoretic models are constructed. The first model characterizes the decision-making process of a researcher regarding the location of his activity by assessing the probability of success of such activity in conditions of individual or group participation, and is an antagonistic (matrix) game. The second model takes into account the interaction of researchers in a group, expressed through comparison of changes in individual and joint knowledge. Different professional and quantitative composition of researchers in cities generates multiple equilibria, characteristic of coordination and anti-coordination games. The problem of choosing the best Nash equilibrium is proposed to be solved using an additional parameter: the degree of possibility of continuing a scientific topic that was conducted in the city of departure. It is revealed that differences in the degree of such possibilities between cities can form the priority of researchers’ movement.
The article examines the main theoretical provisions contained in Russian accounting standards and concerning financial statements in general and their key summary indicators. It is shown that these provisions are incomplete, are not definitions from a scientific point of view and do not reveal the economic meaning of capital and profit. Then, using specific examples, the practical consequences of the identified shortcomings are considered, consisting, among other things, in the emergence of many alternatives to the traditional accounting model, calling into question the expediency of its application.
Sergei V. Kolchugin1,2, Svetlana D. Nadezhdina3 1Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 2Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 3Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: accounting, accounting theory, readability, the hypothesis of linguistic relativity, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, the image of accounting
The article attempts to consider accounting as a business language or, in other words, to see accounting as a linguistic image of accounting. Two key aspects of accounting, as a specific language, are analyzed - readability in accounting and the linguistic relativity hypothesis (the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis). The main directions of studying readability in accounting have been highlighted, and the application of the Sapir -Whorf Hypothesis to accounting as a business language has been confirmed. The directions of further research are highlighted, including the sociolinguistics thesis and accounting as well as bilingual thesis in accounting.
The article shows that in the course of rethinking the purpose of business in foreign countries, the interpretation of the goal as going beyond profit maximization began to dominate. The proposed paradigm expands the problem field and is associated with the recognition of added value as a special category that characterizes the main goal of the organization’s business activity and its result - the total income received by the organization as a result of its contribution to the creation of a social product. Based on this, a conceptual description of the endogenous process of building business models with high added value is given.
L. L. UBUGUNOV1,2, V. I. UBUGUNOVA1, T. A. AYUSHINA1, TS. N. NASATUEVA1, A. S. SYRENZHAPOVA2, E. I. LASTOCHKIN3, A. D. ZHAMBALOVA1, O. V. VISHNYAKOVA1, E. YU. ABIDUEVA1 1Institute of General and Experimental Biology of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia 2Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V. R. Filippov, Ulan-Ude, Russia 3Institute of Geology named after N. L. Dobretsov of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Keywords: biophilic macro- and microelements, halomorphic soils of oases, Uldza-Torey endorheic lake basin, biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems
The content of biophilic elements in soils and minerals of coastal depressions of highly mineralized chloride lakes of the Uldza-Torey endorheic basin (Russia, Dauria) and the microbiota involved in the cycles of these elements were studied comprehensively for the first time. Obtained data on the gross content and mobile forms of biophilic macro- (N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, S) and microelements (Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co) in soils of the local “node” of biota concentration of the Uldza-Torey basin revealed differences in the geosphere-biosphere interactions of biotic and abiotic components in quasi-gley solonchaks, saline humus-gley and saline light-humus soils. High significance of halomorphic soils for preserving the biodiversity of steppe territories (Dauria, Transbaikalia) has been established. Maximal concentrations of the total content of biophilic elements and mobile forms of nitrogen, sulfur, calcium, sodium, manganese, and magnesium were revealed within the Sg, ca horizon of the quasi-gley solonchak. This layer is characterized by the highest index of microbial diversity, a significant proportion of taxa participating in the cycles of biophilic elements, and formation of new minerals with wide variations of silicon, aluminum, and sodium. The underlying horizons of solonchak (CQs) are enriched in sodium, magnesium, and sulfur under the impact of sulfate-chloride-sodium ground waters. Calcite, calcium amphiboles, and monocyte predominate in their mineralogical composition. Enrichment of solonchaks with mobile forms of biophilic elements, presence of various minerals containing Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, and rare earth elements (Ce, La, Nd, Sm, Th) confirm both the sodium and rare-earth hypotheses of animal lithophagy. A significant deficit of most gross and mobile forms of biophilic elements, decrease in microbial diversity, and typical for acidic rocks minerals, rarely basites, were noted in the upper horizons of humus-gley saline and light-humus saline soils. In the lower layers formed by paleohydromorphic lake sediments, oxides with a low proportion of chlorine, sulfur and sodium (8-15 %), and enrichment in easily soluble salts and mobile forms of sodium and sulfur were revealed. The content of other biophilic elements was estimated as low and very low.
V. V. ANIKINA1,2, E. YA. YAVID3, Yu. V. KRYLOVA4, E. A. KURASHOV4, V. A. GREBENNIKOV1, E. V. PROTOPOPOVA2, P. V. BASH2 1Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography", St. Petersburg Branch, St. Petersburg, Russia 2St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia 3GazEnergoStroy LLC, Novy Urengoy, Russia 4Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok settlement, Russia
Keywords: low molecular weight metabolome, component composition, low-molecular weight organic compounds, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Nuphar lutea, cyanobacteria, allelochemicals, Kuznechnoye Lake, trophic status, indication of ecological status
For the first time, a chromatograph mass spectrometric study of the essential oil of the yellow water lily (Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.) growing in Lake Kuznechnoye in the Leningrad Region on the Karelian Isthmus was carried out at the peak of plant development in the flowering-fruiting phase in 2020 and 2021. The aim is to study the interannual variability of the component composition of low-molecular organic compounds (LMWOC) and assess the possibility of using its low-molecular metabolome (LMWM) to indicate the ecological state of water bodies. The limnological characteristics of the reservoir in the place where the yellow water lily grows are given. The main research method of the work is gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was revealed that under changing environmental conditions in different years, including depending on a specific biotic environment (phytoplankton) and abiotic factors, plants are able to synthesize different numbers of LMWOC. The decrease in the trophic status of the lake ecosystem and the decrease in the development of cyanobacteria, as the dominant component of phytoplankton, leads to a significant increase in the content of all groups of components in the LMWM of the yellow water lily. Intraspecific interannual variability of the LMWM of the yellow water lily can serve as an indicator of stability/changes in the state of the aquatic ecosystem. High quantitative indicators of the content of LMWOC, especially allelochemical substances, identified in N. lutea from Lake Kuznechnoye, typical for the Karelian Isthmus, allow us to consider the yellow water lily growing in the lakes of the Karelian Isthmus as an underutilized natural resource of valuable LMWOC, which has the potential for diverse economic use.
N. V. RYGALOVA1, V. S. MYGLAN2, Z. YU. ZHARNIKOV2, A. V. TAYNIK2, M. O. FILATOVA3, I. L. VAKHNINA2, V. V. BARINOV2 1Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia 2Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 3Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: tree-ring chronologies, Pinus sylvestris L, ribbon pine forests, Obiskie pine forests, south of Western Siberia, forest-steppe and steppe zones
The paper presents a new network of tree-ring chronologies (TRW) completed for ribbon pine forests, Priobsky pine forest and pine forests in the south of Western Siberia (Altai region and Novosibirsk region) and describing the growth of annual ring widths of common pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.). Measurements of annual ring parameters were made on high-resolution digital images. A statistically significant relationship (from 0.83 to 0.46) was observed between all tree-ring series (maximum distance between points 330 km). On the basis of cluster and correlation analysis the local steppe and forest-steppe chronologies were combined into three regional chronologies (Pl5, Pl6, Pl7). Comparison of parameters of chronologies in Altai Krai and Novosibirsk region showed that the border between regions (and in physiographic terms - the border between southern and middle forest-steppe) is conditionally a kind of line dividing TRW chronologies into groups characterized by different sensitivity of radial growth to changes in environmental factors. At the same time, chronologies from stony slopes (spurs of the Kolyvan ridge) have maximum sensitivity. The results of the study allowed us to compare the dendroindication potential of pine forests of the study area and neighboring regions (the Urals, Siberia and Russian far East). The importance of purposeful selection of sample plots in ribbon pine forests and Priobsky pine forests was shown, since the use of a random set of chronologies will not allow to correctly reconstruct climatic conditions of tree growth.
G. I. Lozhkin1,2, D. V. Tishin1, N. A. Chizhikova1 1Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia 2Institute of Geography of RAS, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Tracheidogram, xylogenesis, Scots pine, White Sea, OpenCV
Intra-annual climate variations and their effects on radial growth of trees have received increasing attention in recent decades. Tracheidograms have been widely used for the analysis of the xylem cell parameters varying over the course of a year. This paper describes the steps for creating tracheidograms based on high-resolution images using boundary identification methods through artificial neural networks (ANNs), computer vision library (OpenCV) and tracheidogram libraries (RAPTOR, tracheideR). The aim was to identify climate-related features of intra-annual xylem growth of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. on Sredny Island, Keret Archipelago, White Sea. To achieve the objective, parameters of 43,754 xylem cells were identified for 7 trees, of which 23,091 cells were grouped into radial profiles for the period from 2009 to 2018. The results indicate a relationship between precipitation from May to August and xylem cell parameters (lumen diameter along the radial axis, lumen perimeter, cell wall thickness, lumen area, lumen diameter to cell wall thickness ratio, lumen area to lumen perimeter ratio). Areas under tracheidogram curves were calculated as an integral metric of annual ring structure. Pearson′s correlation coefficient was estimated between these metrics and average temperature and precipitation from May to August. The strongest relationships identified were as follows: an inverse relationship between the amount of precipitation and the cell wall thickness, a direct relationship between temperature and the cell wall thickness, and a negative relationship between temperature and the lumen size.
T. B. SIGACHEVA, E. N. SKURATOVSKAYA
A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
Keywords: round goby, liver, biochemical parameters, complex pollution, Sea of Azov
The biochemical parameters (albumin content, levels of oxidized proteins (OP) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase), aminotransferases and cholinesterase activities were analyzed in the liver of round goby Neogobius melanostomus from the Sea of Azov areas (central (CP), southern (SP) and southeastern (SEP)) with different anthropogenic impacts. Intensification of LPO and protein oxidation processes, as well as protein metabolism reorganization towards gluconeogenesis and detoxification reactions found in the liver of gobies from SEP have been established. This may indicate a more environmentally unfavorable condition of SEP as compared to SP and CP. The analysis of biochemical parameters in the liver of fish from SP and CP allowed characterizing these zones as similar by the level of mixed pollution, however more obvious changes in the biochemical parameters (inhibition of SOD activity, increase in the level of protein oxidation) were observed in the liver of gobies from SP. The obtained results permitted to rank the investigated areas according to the increase the level of mixed pollution as follows: CP → SP → SEP. Suggested reasons for the identified changes were discussed.
S. V. KISELEV
Institute of Biological Problems of the North of FEB RAS, Magadan, Russia
Keywords: shrews, Sorex, population dynamics, trophic factor, invertebrates, Northern Priokhotye
To assess the influence of the trophic factor on the survival and abundance of shrews in the conditions of the Far North, an analysis of the relationships between their population dynamics and the abundance of ground invertebrates was performed. The studies were conducted in typical (larch forest in the lower part of a mountain slope) and intrazonal (floodplain Chosenia forest) habitats on the northern Sea of Okhotsk coast. The relative biomass of invertebrates (according to pitfall trap counts) at the end of the summer period showed an inverse relationship with the number of shrews, which may indicate a significant impact of these insectivores on food resources in years of their high abundance. The number of overwintered shrews in a typical forest habitat positively correlated with the relative biomass of invertebrates at the end of the previous summer. In the intrazonal floodplain habitat, no significant relationship was found between the number of overwintered animals and the previous biomass of invertebrates, but due to floods and aufeis ice, the Chosenia forest is unsuitable for small mammals in the cold season. The results of the study suggest a fairly high interdependence between the dynamics of the abundance of shrews and their food items in relatively unproductive northern ecosystems.
I. G. VOROB’EVA1, D. A. FILIMONOVA1, E. V. BANAEV2 1Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: discomycetes, ecological groups of fungi, specially protected natural area, biodiversity
The article presents the results of a study on the ecological structure of discomycetes on the territory of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences - a specially protected natural area. The taxonomic diversity of fungi includes 37 species belonging to 30 genera, 16 families, 5 orders, and 3 classes. Saprotrophic discomycetes are categorized into five ecological groups, among which the largest proportion is occupied by lignophilic and phyllophilic species (81 %), while the smallest proportion is occupied by herbophilic species (4 %). Inoperculate species predominate in all groups. Lignophilic fungi prefer wood of the fourth and fifth stages of decomposition (about 90 %); they have not been found on wood of the first and second stages of decomposition. Edaphophilic discomycetes are mainly represented by operculate species from the order of Pezizales (81.8 %). The group of herbophilic fungi is represented only by inoperculate species from the order of Helotiales.
N. N. PANASENKO, L. N. ANISHCHENKO
Bryansk State Academician I. G. Petrovski University, Bryansk, Russia
Keywords: Viscum album L. distribution, grid mapping, consortial relationships, Bryansk region
The distribution of Viscum album L. in the Bryansk region has been studied. The distribution assessment was performed on a grid basis. In the 20th century, mistletoe was noted in 8 cells, and at present the species has been registered in 95 cells out of 378 squares of grid mapping. Recently, the species range in the region has significantly expanded in the north-eastern direction. Most often, mistletoe was noted in the central, southern and south-eastern regions of the Bryansk region, in the south-western regions on the border with Belarus in the 21st century the species was not found; finds north of Bryansk in the region have not been found. In the Bryansk region, mistletoe has been noted on 29 species of woody plants, most often in natural habitats it is recorded on Betula pendula. Within the boundaries of populated areas, V. album is most often found on Betula pendula, Sorbus aucuparia, Acer platanoides, Populus tremula, Pyrus communis, Prunus domestica and Malus domestica.V. album has been occasionally found on Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies. V. album attacks young plants with unformed bark, weakened old-growth trees with soft wood, confined to forest belts along highways, river valleys, old manor parks, and urban plantings. In parkland, V. album is found mainly on isolated trees that are well lit by the sun. The main distributor of mistletoe in the region is Bombycilla garrulus. The features of V. album dispersal in a model settlement - Dobrun village, Bryansk district, are considered, where the species has spread over the plantings of the entire village territory in 20 years. Pregenerative and young generative plants predominate in the studied population.
N. P. KUZMINA, A. P. CHEVYCHELOV, S. V. ERMOLAEVA, E. A. AFANASYEVA, A. A. ALEKSEEV
Federal state budgetary institution of science Federal research center "Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone of SB RAS, Yakutsk, Russia
Keywords: cryogenic forest soils, physicochemical properties, Orchidaceae, Cypripedium guttatum Sw. f. albiflorum Aver, composition and number of microorganisms
For the first time, a comparative analysis of soil, microbiological and botanical characteristics of biocenoses - habitats of rare endangered species of the Orchidaceae Juss. of the white-flowered Cypripedium guttatum Sw. f. albiflorum Aver. and the usual forms Cypripedium guttatum Sw. It was established that soil conditions are decisive in the distribution of cenopopulations of Cypripedium guttatum of the Orchidaceae Juss. within individual biocenoses in the cryoarid climate of Central Yakutia. Important factors influencing the development of this group of orchids are the granulometric composition of the soil, the content of humus in the upper layer, hydrothermal conditions, salinity and pH values. The differences between phytocenoses according to morphological features were the ecological conditions of existence of C. guttatum cenopopulations. The Cypripedium guttatum Sw. f. albiflorum growing on humus-carbonate soil of biocenosis-1 had larger leaf and bracts parameters than Cypripedium guttatum Sw. of the usual form on pale gray soil of biocenosis-2. The humus-carbonate soil of section 1ZH-21 of biocenosis-1 turned out to be the most optimal for the existence of soil microorganisms. In the microbial communities of forest cryogenic soils, soil microscopic fungi (micromycetes) prevailed, therefore, it can be assumed that they play an important role in the development of rare plant species of the Orchidaceae Juss.
I. A. KIRILLOVA, D. V. KIRILLOV
Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biology, Syktyvkar, Russia
Keywords: orchids, rare species, monitoring, seed morphometry, seed productivity, fruit set
The results of an 11 year study of the rare orchid Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Saut. ex Rchb.) Soó population on the northeastern border of its range (the Komi Republic, north-east of the European part of Russia) are presented. Our research has shown that weather factors (air temperature and precipitation) influence various traits that determine the reproductive success of this species. Significant positive correlations were found between the temperature of August of the previous growing season and parameters such as the size of the inflorescence and the number of generative plants in the population. The fruit set is positively affected by precipitation during the flowering of the species (the third decade of June) and the overall moisture content of the territory in the current growing season. A negative correlation was found between fruit set and the size of the inflorescences of individual plants, while the height of the plants does not affect the effectiveness of pollination. The sizes of seeds and embryos of D. traunsteineri significantly differed in different years of research, but no reliable links between these traits and weather conditions were revealed. A negative correlation was found between seed volume and fruit set in individual plants. In the fruit of D. traunsteineri, from 3211 to 5172 seeds are formed in different years, the real seed productivity of an individual is 10696-44262 pcs. Tall plants produce more seeds per fruit. A positive relationship between real seed productivity and precipitation of the current growing season has been revealed. The final indicator of reproductive success at the population level is the number of young (juvenile) plants. They were present in the studied population during all the years of study, their proportion varied from 3.5 to 13.9 %. Positive reliable correlations between the number of juvenile individuals and the temperature of August, as well as the sum of the active temperatures of the entire previous growing season, were revealed.
E. A. KARPOVA, L. V. BUGLOVA, E. M. LYAKH, T. M. SHALDAEVA
Central Siberian Botanical Garden of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Myricaria, phenolic compounds, exudate, antioxidant activity, histochemistry, air quality improvement
Myricaria bracteata Royle and Myricaria longifolia (Willd.) Ehrenb. (Tamaricaceae) are herbal medicines in Mongolia, China and Russia (Siberia). M. bracteata was introduced into culture and it showed prospects for landscaping due to high winter hardiness, drought resistance and decorative properties. M. bracteata and M. longifolia leaves were reported to contain derivatives of 17 flavonoid aglycones, as well as ellagic acid and its derivatives. Principal component analysis of 10 populations of each of these species, based on 56 parameters of the phenolic composition of twigs, showed the high similarity between the species. The native populations of M. bracteata from Tajikistan and Khakassia, as well as native and cultivated populations of both species from Altai Republic exhibited the most significant differences from most samples in the composition of the analyzed components. Populations of M. longifolia of Altai origin were distinguished by the maximum content of the sum of phenolic compounds (up to 107.7 mg per 1 g of dry weight), hyperoside (18.1 mg/g) and quercitrin (2.8 mg/g). The composition of the exudative compounds of the twigs of the studied species was also characterized by a high similarity. Differences in the concentrations of compounds by year were revealed. The exudates exhibited higher antioxidant activity (IC50 34.2 и 42.2 μg/ml) compared to the extracts (IC50 110.7 and 172.2 μg/ml). Histochemical visualization showed the localization of phenolic compounds in the salt glands, vascular tissue and chlorenchyma in leaves and stems. The results uncover the high potential of native and cultured plants of the Siberian Myricaria species to be the sources of pharmacologically valuable compounds; in particular, in the phyllosphere of plants, which allows us to consider these species as elements of natural air purification and improvement of environmental air quality parameters.
O. V. ILYINA1, YU. I. GORYAEV2, V. V. IL’INSKIY1, I. A. ZHDANOV3,4, A. A. POYARKOV1 1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 2Murman Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Murmansk, Russia 3Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 4Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Veliky Novgorod, Russia
Keywords: anthropogenic stress, Arctic biota, Barents Sea, environmental pollution, Kola Bay, silver gull, plastic pollution
Seabirds are able to occasionally ingest plastic waste in their feeding sites and excrete it as part of pellets and feces over new landscapes. In this study, the quantitative aspects of plastic transfer in pellets to the Salny island (Kola Bay, Barents Sea) by silver gulls Larus argentatus are estimated. The litter belonging to macro- and megaplastics size categories and classified as gull pellets are shown to be accumulated in the upper plateau of the Salny Island averaging the concentration of about 0.28 kg/ha. Adult birds are supposed to feed at municipal solid waste sites and carry plastic to the island during their nesting or transit stay. According to our observations, plastic ingestion is not accompanied by a decrease of the population: an increase of the nesting density on the island by 2-4 times over the observation period of 12-14 years is shown. For the first time the phenomenon of plastic waste transport by seabirds in the Russian part of the Barents Sea is described.
Yu. V. Savinykh, S. P. Zadorozhnykh, V. S. Ovsyannikova
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry of SB RAS, Тоmsk, Russia
Keywords: soil, oil pollution, remediation, plant test objects, photosynthetic pigments, oil-destructing microorganisms
The paper presents data on the effect of hydrocarbon vapors and oil pollution of soil on morphological parameters and the content of the main photosynthetic pigments - chlorophylls and carotenoids - in green parts of plants of different systematic position. Under laboratory experimental conditions, an increase in the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the above-ground parts of leafy moss (brium), plants of the umbrella family (chervil and femur) and cereals (foxtail) during growth in the atmosphere of oil vapors and in soil containing 0.75-3.21 % oil was observed. Under field conditions, an increased content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of Ledum and fagus was detected, and below background - in the leaves of plantain. Addition of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria (HOB) to the soil with oil increased the concentration of pigments by 30-40 %, indicating an additional stimulating effect of HOB introduction.
V. I. Strelchenko1, V. V. Balakhonskiy2, E. A. Ivanov1, L. V. Balakhonskaya3 1Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia 2St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia 3Higher School of Journalism and Mass Communications St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: information, digitalization, information society, education, epistemology, scientific rationality, information-communication technologies
Introduction. The existing concepts of digitalization, information, and information-communication technologies as key elements of the strategy of educational gnosis represent the expression of both historical and contemporary achievements in scientific rationality within the fields of mathematics, logic, cybernetics, and information theory. The doctrine of the information society, its inherent educational institutions, and the diverse forms of their speculative-theoretical representations are the result of modern attempts to clarify the cultural and civilizational meaning of the revolution in mathematics and computer technology. Therefore, the issue of the educational significance of digitalization and the techniques of information-communication modeling should be formulated and considered in the context of analyzing the nature of scientific knowledge, the conditions for its reliability and truth, its cognitive value, and the limits of applicability of methodological, conceptual, and terminological tools. Methodology. The study employs historical-critical and interdisciplinary approaches, encompassing a comparative philosophical-epistemological investigation of the concepts of the information society and the knowledge society. This is done within the context of analyzing their substantive (dialectical) and semantic (phenomenological) content, as well as examining the methodological and ideological strategies of digitalizing education. Dialectics is interpreted as the “science of connections in contrast to metaphysics”, a theory of the “unity of opposites” that enables the mental reconstruction of an object in its contradictoriness, processuality, and integrity. Phenomenology is utilized as a method grounded in techniques for expressing all substantive content through acts of consciousness, thereby de-objectifying objectified logical relations. The systematic application of a suite of philosophical-epistemological analytical tools offers a tangible prospect for uncovering the cognitive significance and delineating the boundaries of applicability of digital and information-communication technologies in the educational sphere. Discussion. The concepts of digitalization, information, and information-communication technologies, borrowed from the fields of mathematics, information theory, and cybernetics, are not epistemological tools that directly capture specific educational or, in general, any social entities. Conclusion. The solution to the tasks arising from this, namely determining the boundaries and identifying the substantive content of the “digital educational environment”, requires the development of a specialized system of philosophical-epistemological analysis tools that enables correct interdisciplinary synthesis.
