Home – Home – Jornals – Combustion, Explosion and Shock Waves 2025 number 5

This review deals with the formation of solid carbon (in particular, soot) under various conditions of methane conversion: pyrolysis, diffusion flame combustion, steam reforming, conversion in supercritical water and high-pressure water-oxygen fluid. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the conditions of carbon formation at high pressure; the goal is to identify the parameter regions with a lack of experimental information or its insufficient presentation, but where carbon formation is very likely. When designing the equipment with continuous operation, it is necessary to know the corresponding parametric boundaries of the areas of solid carbon formation in order to avoid emergency situations and/or to reduce depreciation costs.

Development of concepts for multi-entry space vehicles put strict requirements to reliability of operating power plants and the flight vehicle as whole. An important problem is achieving trouble-free performance of vehicle power plant operating under high thermal loads. This type of power plants consumes the hydrocarbon fuel with a high resistance to surface deposition of incomplete oxidation products. The progress in production technologies for synthetic fuel from bio resource enables accessibility with reduced or zero carbon footprint. Synthetic fuel or its components are different from a hydrocarbon fuel by their composition, as well as by the fuel properties. The use of fuels with synthetic components requires a study on physical and chemical properties and thermophysical characteristics. This paper presents experimental study on thermal stability, limiting cooling capacity and ignition parameters for a high-density hydrocarbon fuel (HDHF) from new-generation products. It was shown that the HDHF can be used at temperatures up to 300 °С without any deposits of with admissible low levels. Experiments were conducted on the fuel ignition delay time for the operating range of pressure 14 - 16 bar, temperature 1000 - 1500 K and the access oxidant ratio 0.5 - 3 using the facilities of a shock tube.

The thermal diffusivity (α) of solid magnesium-lithium alloys with lithium contents X_Li = 5, 10, 17, 21, and 25 at. % was measured using a laser flash method in the temperature range of 300 - 680 K. Based on the experimental results, the thermal conductivity (λ) of alloys was calculated and compared with the literature values for λ of other compositions. The estimated uncertainties of the obtained data were 3.0 - 3.4 % for λ and 2.0 - 2.4 % for α. It is shown that the addition of lithium to magnesium reduces significantly its thermal conductivity, with a more pronounced decrease in λ observed as the Li concentration approaches X_Li = 32 at. %. Anomalous features in the form of bends in the temperature dependences λ(T) and α(T) were identified for the Mg₉₅Li₅ and Mg₇₅Li₂₅ alloys within the temperature range of 310 - 330 K, similar to the behavior reported for the Mg₇₀Li₃₀ alloy. Using the calculated data and literature sources, the concentration dependences of thermal conductivity for the Mg-Li system were plotted over the composition range X_Li = 0 - 32 at. %.

We propose to improve a new experimental methodology of determining the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a system of hot-wire anemometry with the use of a short-pulse laser action on the hot-wire sensor. Mistakes of the previous study are taken into account. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of a constant-temperature anemometer with a wire sensor are obtained, and comparisons with the results obtained by a standard method of determining the amplitude-frequency characteristics are performed.

The investigation results on a study of the effect of catalytic oxidation of hydrogen on heat transfer in an impinging jet under chemical activity on the sample surface. It is shown that with an increase in the percentage of hydrogen in the mixture with air, not only an increase in the heat transfer intensity is observed, but also the reaction zone expansion. It is also noted that in the case of a chemically active jet, there are temperature pulsations on the surface (approximately 6%) associated with the reactions of hydrogen catalytic oxidation. At that, the type of dependence of the distribution of the generalized temperature function on the radius on the surface is almost the same for all versions with heterogeneous chemical reactions. An exception is the case with a molar content of hydrogen of 2% in the jet, when there are areas with the value of heat release from reactions below heat transfer during convective heat transfer with a non-reacting flow.

An impact jet with passive control of mixing and heat transfer with the use of a lattice at the entrance is nume-rically studied. It is shown that the local Nusselt number at the stagnation point on the heated surface from which the jet is pushed and the Nusselt number averaged over the domain with intense heat transfer increase with increasing Reynolds number in accordance with a power law corresponding to the empirical approximation. It is found that ad-dition of a lattice, especially fractal lattice, leads to noticeable enhancement of heat transfer in the central part of the jet. The results of the study are compared with effects predicted by computations, and the prospects of further investigations are determined.

Optical diagnostics of the three-dimensional structure of large eddies in the near zone of a turbulent jet (at Re = 5000) exhausting from a round nozzle is performed in the case with coaxial periodic perturbations of the flow through annular slots at the nozzle edge and through holes in the internal surface of the nozzle in the transverse dierection. The external action leads to rapid turbulization of the flow near the nozzle edge due to generation of large extended toroidal vortices in the case of coaxial pertuebations and also due to significant reconstruction of the flow with rapid disintegration of the jet core in the case of transverse perturbations.

The accurate study of heat transfer between water and steam at high pressures was achieved on a developed and tested model of a miixing unit for heat transfer flows (MUHTF). The testing results demostrated that the input water subheating up to the saturation temperature at the model exit is less than 1 and 2 °С for two- and single-tray arrangement of the water-separation unit in the model, correspondingly. The droplet flow model might be applied for thermal calculation of the heating block in the MUHTF.

The paper presents the results of numerical simulation for a near-wall film cooling with gas ejection though a nozzle shaped as a cavity with triangular cross-section (with arranged recess). The flow downstream the recess induces the main flow detachment and generates the coherent vortex structures with a constant frequency of shed vortex (in the zone of mixing with the coolant jet). These vortex structures interact with the wall and improve the coolant spreading in the horizontal direction. This also facilitates the jet flow leaning to the surface at high injection numbers. The cavity’s triangular shape facilitates the lower generation of streamwise vortices that separate the nearwall stream from the surface. The study was conducted for a wide range of coolant injection number. The wall boundary conditions are adiabatic. We determined the injection parameters range suitable for practical applications for the described design. The developed system has a separate vortex shedding frequency and the system is sensitive to the external impact at this frequency. Thus, this approach is a candidate for arrangement a real active control system for film cooling.

The object of this study is a straight rivulet flowing over an inclined plate whose surface is covered with regular nonlinear waves. Such waves can be modeled in full three-dimensional statement, but it is also possible to use a simplified quasi-two-dimensional approach with self-similar shape of rivulet cross-section. In this study we directly compare the results of two- and three-dimensional approaches, where the shape of the wave rivulet surface is reconstructed experimentally using the laser-induced fluorescence technique. It is shown that the three-dimensional model reproduces well the wave surface of a rivulet, including such three-dimensional peculiarities as the wave front curvature and minor perturbations of its rear slope. Though the two-dimensional model is unable to reproduce such peculiarities, it describes well the parameters and shape of a wave in the central longitudinal cross-section of the rivulet.

Under certain conditions, the turbulent transition can produce local turbulent structures knows as puffs. Puffs are the zones of turbulence surrounded by laminar flow; their behavior depends mainly on the Reynolds number (Re). We studied he influence of initial flow conditions on generation of puffs in circular tubes with different lengths using the direct numerical simulation (DNS) approach at a fixed Reynolds number Re ≃ 2200. The literature data show that in the flow with Re ≃ 2000 the single-out puffs are generated as metastable structures with option of decay or survival, while at Re > 2300 these puffs can interact and produce more complicated and stable configurations (double and triple puffs). Puffs are classified as stable puffs if the lifetime exceeds considerably the characteristic time in the system (typically defined as the flow area length divided by the value of axial velocity in a laminar flow interval). The literature data evidences an increase in the amount of puffs with increase in the Reynolds number, but the problem of flow structure reproducibility at the same Reynolds remains an open issue. The published data are important for prognosis and control of turbulence in various engineering application.

Within the framework of lubrication theory, numerical studies of thin film movement along the surface of a wing with the NACA0012 airfoil were carried out. The film is created by incoming drops of water and drifted by the external air flow. A model problem of one-dimensional film motion in the presence of a retarding longitudinal stress caused by disjoining pressure is considered. A cubic equation was obtained to determine the film thickness. If the contact angle exceeds a certain critical value, then the solution of this equation loses its physical meaning at some distance from the front critical point (the film thickness becomes negative). This means that the one-dimensional flow assumption is no longer satisfied. The maximum coordinate for existence a one-dimensional solution can be approximately considered as the beginning for the film disintegration into rivulets. Theoretical results are compared with the available experimental data.

The object of this study is a straight rivulet flowing over an inclined plate whose surface is covered with regular nonlinear waves. Such waves can be modeled in full three-dimensional statement, but it is also possible to use a simplified quasi-two-dimensional approach with self-similar shape of rivulet cross-section. In this study we directly compare the results of two- and three-dimensional approaches, where the shape of the wave rivulet surface is reconstructed experimentally using the laser-induced fluorescence technique. It is shown that the three-dimensional model reproduces well the wave surface of a rivulet, including such three-dimensional peculiarities as the wave front curvature and minor perturbations of its rear slope. Though the two-dimensional model is unable to reproduce such peculiarities, it describes well the parameters and shape of a wave in the central longitudinal cross-section of the rivulet.

Results of an experimental study of the evolution of a vortex flow formed under the action of a submillimeter arc discharge moving in a constant magnetic field in a supersonic air flow near a flat surface are presented. Owing to the high reproducibility of the discharge parameters and precise synchronization of the equipment, it is possible to study the flow structure in much detail by the methods of particle image velocimetry and Schlieren visualization. It is found that the spaced and time characteristics of the generated vortex structures can be effectively controlled by changing the direction of the electromagnetic force arising during the discharge.

The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is widely used to solve problems of rarefied gas dynamics. The choice of the model of particle collisions with each other in implementation of the DSMC algorithm significantly affects the accuracy of simulations and the complexity of computations. One of the most popular particle collision models is the Variable Soft Sphere (VSS) model. In the present study, we simulate a flow arising when a heated wire is placed into a quiescent gas atmosphere (helium or argon). It is shown that the use of the VSS model with parameters based on viscosity and diffusion can lead to errors in estimating the heat flux from the wire to the ambient gas.

Various issues of implementation and application of the AUSMPW+ solver for computing inviscid flows at the control volume face in the HyCFS code on a structured grid are discussed. It is shown that the use of AUSMPW+ allows the carbuncle formation in the flow around a cylinder to be successfully prevented. Simulations of flows with boundary layer separation by using the AUSMPW+ solver leads to results that coincide with those obtained by the HLLC solver. The pressure and heat transfer coefficients for a cone-flare model predicted by HyCFS coincide with the experimental data of LENS-XX with the same accuracy as the results of other researchers computed by independent numerical codes.

The results of multi-criteria analysis obtained on the basis of experimental data in the process of studying the main properties and characteristics of thermal conversion of alternative liquid fuels are presented. Kerosene was used as the basic hydrocarbon component. Bioadditives are represented by vegetable oils (rapeseed oil, tall oil, camelina oil, and waste culinary oil) and methyl esters of fatty acids obtained during the processing of these oils. The combustion characteristics of fuel compositions were experimentally determined: ignition delay times, threshold temperatures of combustion initiation, burnout duration, and concentrations of the main gas emissions. Promising fuel compositions are identified taking into account the main energy and environmental indicators. The possibilities of using compositions with methyl esters of fatty acids to reduce specific anthropogenic emissions in the composition of combustion products are substantiated.

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) represent an innovative method for solving a wide range of problems in mathematics, physics, and engineering. PINNs combine the neural networks concepts and physical equations aimed to modeling and analysis of various physical processes. In particular, PINNs can be applied to solve differential equations, including the one-dimensional convection equation. The research shows that the standard implementation of PINNs efficiently solves a one-dimensional convection equation at relatively small convection velocity values, but diverges for higher values of this parameter. This paper provides an overview of existing approaches for solving the one-dimensional convection equation using PINNs and demonstrates improvement for model performance through different methods. The results of comparison indicate the superiority of the approach based on dynamically adjusting collocation points according to the residual at the current training step (as compared to other approaches).

A generalized two-stage model of chemical kinetics of detonation combustion of a binary stoichiometric mixture of methane with hydrogen and air is proposed. It allows calculating the heat release of the chemical reaction, the molar mass, the internal energy and the adiabatic index of the mixture without calculating its detailed chemical composition, which significantly simplifies kinetic calculations and reduces their volume compared to detailed kinetics. The model is physically substantiated and does not contain adjustable parameters. For the mixture under consideration, a numerical two-dimensional calculation of the multifront structure of the detonation wave was made with a variation in the ratio between the combustibles. Chemical transformations were described using the proposed kinetic model. The calculated size of the detonation cell, as well as the qualitative structure of the detonation wave (the presence of regions of unburned gas in the reaction zone and the irregularity of the cellular structure caused by the formation of both primary and secondary transverse waves) are in good agreement with the experiment.

In order to study the combustion stabilization mechanisms, the gas parameters near the flame leading edge behind the rib and behind the step in the boundary layer with ethanol evaporation and combustion were compared. It was shown that at an air flow velocity of ≈11 m/s, an attached flame is formed behind the step, and the ethanol evaporation intensity is lower than behind the rib with a detached flame. At the flame leading edge behind the barriers, a zone is localized where the maximum heat release is located at the mixture ignition temperature, and the static and dynamic pressures are equal. It was shown that under conditions of gas motion with combustion and separation behind the rib, the maximum contribution of turbulent momentum transfer reaches ≈30 ÷ 40% of the averaged convective, and the share of molecular transfer is 2 ÷ 3%.

The non-stationary self-ignition of a hydrogen-air mixture that has not been prepared in advance in a high-speed flow is considered in order to clarify the effect of the fuel excess factor on ignition and combustion stabilization in the channel. A series of experiments in a wide range of fuel excess factors of 0.35 ÷ 1.2 showed that the initial ignition occurs in the boundary layer separation zone under the influence of a re-reflected bow shock wave in front of the fuel jet. This zone is a stable ignition source, from which the flame, under certain conditions, propagates upstream to the channel entrance. There are two combustion stabilization modes at an injection angle of 45°. At low fuel excess factors, a flow with a monotonic pressure increase is realized until a plateau with a moderate pressure increase is reached. At a fuel excess factor of more than 0.8, a two-stage combustion mode is realized. The first stage consists of the heat supply process, which coincides with the combustion mode at low excess fuel coefficients and is characterized by an increase in pulsations due to increased thermoacoustic interaction. As a result of the increase in pressure in the initial ignition region, the flame front rapidly propagates up and down the flow and the pressure increases to maximum values at high combustion completeness. A comparative analysis of the pressure and heat flux distribution along the channel length is performed.

Macrokinetic regularities of high-temperature transformations of a number of s-triazine derivatives containing azide, propynyl oxide and propynyl amine functional groups have been investigated. It has been shown that these compounds are capable of self-propagating high-temperature transformation (combustion) in the absence of an external oxidizer. Linear combustion rates in a nitrogen environment are proportional to the enthalpies of formation of the corresponding s-triazine derivatives. Diazide derivatives burn with the highest rates, lower combustion rates correspond to compounds containing three acetylene groups. Thermal decomposition of azidoacetylene derivatives of s-triazine has been studied using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal analysis has shown that the most stable compound in the studied series of samples is the compound containing three propynyl amine groups, the least stable are the diazide derivatives of s-triazine.

The results of an experimental study of the effect of a weak transverse constant electric field on the temperature distribution in a laminar flame of a Bunsen burner are presented. Using the method of planar laser-induced fluorescence, temperature fields in flames of pre-mixed lean methane and propane-air mixtures were obtained in the presence and absence of an external electric field. The results of visualization and evaluation of the temperature field indicate that the presence of an electric field leads to a change in the shape of the flame front and its deviation to the cathode, but does not significantly change the temperature distribution in the flame under study.

The results of numerical modeling and experimental data related to combustion in a porous medium of a cylindrical burner with axial fuel feed are presented. The modeling of filtration combustion is performed within the framework of a two-temperature thermal diffusion model taking into account radiative heat exchange on the surfaces. The results of numerical modeling allow us to estimate the temperature distribution in the gas and in the porous layer, as well as the radiation fluxes inside and outside the cylindrical porous layer. The calculated results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data obtained during combustion of a propane-air mixture in a burner with a porous layer. The effect of external thermal insulation on the characteristics and efficiency of the burner is discussed.

The effect of the powdered oxidizer (potassium nitrate) particle size on the combustion law of a model energetic condensed system in the pressure range of 0.5 ÷ 40 MPa was experimentally determined using the microwave method of contactless diagnostics. The model composition of the system based on an epoxy combustible binder, potassium nitrate and a combustion modifier --- iron oxide Fe₂O₃ was studied. Random errors were taken into account when calculating the experimental values of the linear combustion rate. Analytical dependences of the linear combustion rate of model energetic condensed systems on pressure, approximated by power and linear functions, were obtained. It was found that with a decrease in the particle size of the powdered oxidizer, the value of the transition pressure from the power combustion law to the linear one decreases, while the combustion rate also increases.

The features of high-temperature synthesis wave propagation through an air gap are considered experimentally and by calculation and theory. Cylindrical samples made from a charge of different compositions were used. Critical values of the air gap width were found, at which the combustion wave transition from one sample to another is still possible. Depending on the parameters of the reacting mixture, the effective radiation coefficient from the end surface of the burning sample was calculated on the basis of the constructed mathematical model, consistent with the experimental data.

Nitrogen oxides N_xO_y, as environmentally hazardous substances, have long attracted the attention of researchers. In addition, they also represent systems of fuel and oxidizing components (monofuels). Such monofuels are capable of exploding, which must be taken into account when assessing their explosion safety. The article presents the combustion and detonation parameters of the most well-known gaseous nitrogen oxides when interacting with oxygen, which are important for hazard assessments.

The combustion of aluminum agglomerate particles with a diameter of 215 ÷ 840 μm in free fall in air at atmospheric pressure is investigated. The main events of the particle combustion process after their exit from the sample into the air --- change from symmetrical combustion to asymmetrical, fragmentation, end of combustion --- are characterized by the corresponding times. Approximating dependences on the particle diameter are obtained for the characteristic times of the symmetrical combustion stage, the beginning of fragmentation, the end of fragmentation, and the end of combustion. The characteristics of particle fragmentation are determined. Data are given on the relative number of parent agglomerate particles emitting a certain number of fragments, and on the dependence of the number of fragments on the diameter of the burning particle. For larger particles, fragmentation begins later, but proceeds more intensively. In general, the observed spontaneous fragmentation of aluminum agglomerates is insignificant, therefore, in order to reduce their combustion time, a targeted intensification of the fragmentation process is necessary.

The volume-temperature dependence of the specific electrical resistance of manganin in the pressure range of 5 ÷ 70 GPa and temperatures of 300 ÷ 1,000 K of step shock compression is investigated. The electrical resistance of manganin samples is measured under dynamic loading by plane one-dimensional shock waves. Thermal and caloric equations of state of manganin are developed, using which the volume-temperature dependence of the specific electrical resistance of shock-compressed manganin is reconstructed. Under the assumption of reversibility of the specific electrical resistance of the metal, a semi-empirical model of the change in the specific electrical resistance of manganin under compression and unloading, including the hysteresis effect of the manganin sensor, is formulated.

For a set of substances representing all the main classes of explosive compounds, the relationship between the critical autoignition temperature calculated using the maximum heat of explosion and kinetic parameters (activation energy and pre-exponential factor) of the decomposition reaction in the liquid phase, and the sensitivity index h₅₀ was analyzed. The found correlation equation can be used to predict the sensitivity of new compounds. The relationship between the sensitivity of compounds and their structure was analyzed.

An approach to determining the degree of decomposition of plasticized octogen at different ambient temperatures is presented. A scheme of works aimed at determining the temperature-time conditions of accelerated aging of plasticized octogen and establishing guaranteed periods of storage and operation of plasticized octogen is proposed. For calculations, a model of kinetics of slow decomposition of the studied explosive substance, constructed on the basis of heat release data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry, is used. The application of the presented model allows to estimate the shelf life and operation of explosive substances based on the degree of decomposition indicator.

A new empirical method for predicting detonation pressure of various types of organic and inorganic explosives is presented. The method identifies detonation products by the product that releases the maximum amount of heat per oxygen atom. The proposed model provides accurate and reliable estimates of detonation products compared to existing models. Using these identified products, detonation parameters such as the number of moles of gaseous products, their average molecular weight, and the maximum heat of detonation are calculated. A power-law relationship is established between the detonation parameter and experimental values of detonation pressure for different explosives. Unlike other models, the detonation pressure calculated by the new model agrees well with the experimental values for organic and inorganic explosives. These results indicate that detonation pressure predictions based on the new model are simple, accurate, and more reliable than those based on existing models, thereby contributing to the development of environmentally friendly, high-performance explosives.

Experiments and numerical modeling of the jet formation process and target penetration characteristics by micro-cumulative charges with polymer liners were conducted. The influence of the liner material, the distance from the charge to the target and its structure on the operation of the cumulative charge was analyzed. The results show that, compared to a copper jet, the penetration depth of the polymer jet decreased, and the crater diameter during penetration increased.

As a typical non-cylindrical structure, the prismatic shell with semi-finished fragments is extremely important for the structural design and evaluation of the destruction efficiency of the innovative warhead. The velocity and scattering angles of fragments are important parameters in the creation of the warhead and protective elements. However, the vast majority of existing formulas for the fragment velocity are created specifically for the cylindrical body, and there are very few formulas for calculating the scattering angle as applied to the prismatic body. In this paper, using theoretical analysis, a formula for the fragment velocity from the prismatic body is derived, and equations for both the radial and axial scattering angles of fragments are proposed. The rationality of the formulas was confirmed by experimentally verified numerical results. Ultimately, based on the obtained expressions and orthogonal analysis, the laws of influence of dimensionless geometric parameters on the scattering angle and specific kinetic energy of fragments were established, and the primary and secondary orders of influence of each parameter on the scattering angle and specific kinetic energy were determined, respectively. The results of this work will form the basis for further research into prismatic metal shells and other types of asymmetric shells, as well as a reliable source for the technical design of innovative warheads.

The article gives the basic definitions of artificial intelligence, cites the main provisions of Kant's theory of cognition, which was ahead of its time, and notes their correspondence to the theoretical justification for the creation of artificial intelligence as a solution to the first part of the triune task of creating anthropomorphic artificial intelligence. Based on the study of scientific works of researchers directly involved in the creation of artificial intelligence systems, it was found that not only Kant's theory of cognition, but also his transcendental logic and a priori psychology are the theoretical basis for the creation of ultramodern artificial intelligence systems. The combination of Kant's cognitive science, Kant's transcendental logic and Kant's a priori psychology is called Kant's principles by modern researchers working in the field of artificial intelligence creation. In their opinion, it is practically impossible to create a strong anthropomorphic artificial intelligence without observing these principles. The creation of artificial intelligence is hindered by serious difficulties in the field of natural sciences, in particular neurophysiology, which is very far from explaining the principles of the human brain. In this regard, the understanding of the mechanism of operation of the created artificial intelligence systems also leaves much to be desired - sometimes the developers themselves are unable to determine how the final conclusions were obtained in the course of programmed processing of initial data. In connection with these problems, the author drew a parallel between the growing up of a child and the increasing amount of knowledge of mankind, which, perhaps, does not yet correspond to the solution of the task of creating a strong artificial intelligence.

What conditions does a robot have to satisfy to qualify as a moral agent? Should robots become moral agents, or should humanity fully retain agency and personhood for itself? Is it permissible to prevent robots from developing moral agency? This paper examines these questions from a viewpoint-neutral and a Kantian perspective. Regarding the first question, we argue that the Kantian standards for moral agency could not possibly be met by robots. The second and third questions are more difficult to answer, in part because the viewpoint-neutral perspective does not provide a clear verdict. We argue that it is a feature of the Kantian perspective to propose a plausible answer. The idea is that preventing robots from achieving moral personality is morally permissible, insofar as our intention is consistent with the respect of human life and its rational nature.

This article is a commentary on Lisa Benossi and Sven Bernecker's paper “A Kantian Perspective on Robot Ethics”. The development of artificial intelligent systems has led to an expansion or even blurring of the concept of agency, with the emphasis shifting from the autonomy of intention and action to the social effect of human-machine interaction. Benossi and Bernecker's article, which examines the Kantian view of moral agency, brings us back closer to the classical understanding of agency, allowing us to prioritize not the illusion of autonomy, but freedom of choice and moral responsibility.

Recently, the dominant philosophical paradigm in Western social and political sciences (SPS) has been criticized by a number of researchers and the necessity of transition to a new - quantum - transdisciplinary paradigm using ideas, concepts and formalism of quantum mechanics has been justified. We argue that the need for such a transition is due to the fact that the dominant paradigm is based on outdated assumptions and premises of Modern philosophy, which really should be abandoned. We also agree that it is quantum mechanics that contains the potential for a new philosophy. At the same time, we argue that what many authors take as the “quantum paradigm” in SPS is in fact in many ways not so much an overcoming of the Modern paradigm as a postmodernist radicalization of it. In other words, the alternative they propose turns out to be a pseudo-quantum alternative. We propose the conceptual scheme of a contextual quantum realism as a genuine quantum alternative.

In this article, the author examines the phenomenon of scientific piracy, i.e. copying and distributing scientific works through online libraries without the consent of the copyright holders. Despite the fact that such actions are prohibited by law in various countries, including the Russian Federation, this phenomenon has many supporters. In search of a philosophical basis for the legislative ban, the author refers to the work of Immanuel Kant "Of the Injustice of Counterfeiting Books" of 1798. It seems that the arguments against literary piracy presented by I. Kant have not lost their relevance and can be used to substantiate the position on the inadmissibility of copyright infringement at the present time in the era of total digitalization. Based on the philosophical basis proposed by I. Kant, as well as court practice (the conclusions of the US District Court formulated in the decision on the Elsevier v. Sci-Hub case), the author comes to the conclusion that the arguments of the supporters of scientific piracy are untenable.

The work presents the problem space of methodological work devoted to historical and philosophical research. The author, on the one hand, gives a short overview of the various foundations that are laid out by certain authors involved in the history of philosophy, on the other hand, he makes an attempt to show in general the entire architectonics of methodological approaches to the history of philosophy. The first part of the article is devoted to the so-called historical topic. The author shows that in general, if we are talking about the history of philosophy, then the topic of the historical requires a separate analysis. The author identifies in the historical topic positions, tops, according to which certain aspects of the historical are singled out - these are such as an event, a witness-participant of an event, a storyteller, a historian, a historiographer, a philosopher (methodologist) of history, the idea of history. Depending on through which top the topic of history is viewed, depending on this, the history of philosophy will look different and be viewed from different positions. The second part of the work is devoted to highlighting two directions of historical and philosophical research - contextualist and appropriationist (appropriating) approaches. Based on a review of existing works, the article discusses the extremes and transformed forms of these approaches, which consist in the fact that either the historian of philosophy goes into the antiquarian-museum genre of the history of philosophy, turning this or a philosophical work into a dead artifact (text), or appropriates the work of a philosopher for the sake of current problems on the modern agenda. The work makes an attempt to overcome the extremes of transformed forms of historical and philosophical research by bringing the position of the historian of philosophy into a metaplan, according to which it is necessary to understand not so much the context of a particular work, not so much the response to the modern agenda, but rather the source that was the basis for the precedent of philosophizing. No historical context in itself and no modern agenda can answer the question - what served as the secret of the creation of this or that philosophical work. But it is precisely the understanding of the source of a philosophical work that makes it possible to understand the act itself, the precedent of philosophizing as it is, without resorting in transformed forms.