I.V. Karmysheva, V.A. Yakovlev, S.N. Rudnev, E.D. Zyukov, D.V. Semenova
V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirak, Russia
Keywords: Magmatic enclaves, xenolith, I-granite, U-Pb dating, Sm-Nd isotope geochemistry, Kaa-Khem batholith
We present the results of isotope, geochronological, geochemical, and mineralogical studies and mineral composition analyses of melanocratic enclaves in the granites of the Sarkhoi Complex (Kaa-Khem magmatic area, Eastern Tuva). According to geochronological data (zircon U-Pb dating), the age of the enclaves differs from that of the host granites (480 and 450 Ma, respectively). The εNd( T ) values for the enclaves are 3.2, while for the Sarkhoi Complex granites, they range from 0.5 to 1.7. Therefore, the enclaves cannot be considered cumulates from the earlier phase of granite melt crystallization or restites of the Sarkhoi Complex granitoid protolith. Melanocratic enclaves are xenoliths, which, based on their age and isotope characteristics, can be attributed to the early phase of the diorite-tonalite-plagiogranite association of the Early Tannu-Ola Complex. Fragments of mafic rocks were trapped during the ascent of granite melt (ca. 450 Ma) at the middle crustal level ( T of ca. 700 °C, P = 1.9-2.5 kbar), which led to their partial assimilation and compositional alteration through interaction with felsic melt. The xenogenic zircon present in the Sarkhoi Complex granites has an age of 480 Ma close to the age of the xenoliths, which suggests the contribution of Early Ordovician complexes to the formation of a significant volume of magmatic melt at the later stages of regional evolution. Xenoliths of mafic rocks in the granitoids of the Sarkhoi Complex, studied in the eastern part of the Kaa-Khem area, are products of melting of the primitive mantle, thus fundamentally differing from the coeval gabbroid complexes in the western part of the area.
N.A. Goryachev1,2, G.A. Yurgenson3, T.S. Nikanyuk1,4 1A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 2N.A. Shilo Northeast Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia 3Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chita, Russia 4Irkutsk Research Institute of Rare and Precious Metals and Diamonds, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: Gold deposits, mineralogical-geochemical and mineralogical-technological characteristics of ores, zoning, ore-magmatic system, Aliya ore cluster, Transbaikalia, Mongol-Okhotsk Orogenic Belt
The paper presents new data on the structural position, mineralogy, and geochemistry of ores of the Aliya ore cluster and their technological specifics. The mineralogical and geochemical zoning of the Verkhne-Aliinskoe gold deposit and the entire Aliya ore cluster is considered. We show the subordination of the local and horizontal zoning of mineralization within the ore cluster and the localization of granitoids of the late phase of the Late Jurassic Akatui Complex. A conclusion is drawn about the relationship of mineralization with granitoids within a single ore-magmatic system that existed under unstable shallow-depth P - T - X conditions transitional to subsurface ones. This specifics distinguishes the Verkhne-Aliinskoe deposit from the compositionally similar Sredne-Golgotaiskoe and Sosnovskoe deposits and partly determined the technological resistance of its ores.
V.A. Vanin1,2, A.M. Mazukabzov1, A.E. Budyak1,2, A.V. Chugaev3 1Institute of the Earth Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 2Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russia 3Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Sukhoi Log deposit, bedding, axial-plane cleavage, foliation, lineation, buckle fold, laminar flow, orogenic deposit
This paper presents several opposing points of view on the ore-controlling structure of the large (~2000 t) Sukhoi Log gold deposit, as well as data on a detailed geostructural analysis. The deposit is located in the southern margins of the Siberian Craton in black shale deposits of the Khomolkha Formation (610-600 Ma) on the territory of the Baikal-Patom fold belt. It is revealed that the Baikal-Patom belt is characterized by a complex regional structure resulting from the accretion of the Baikal-Muya belt to the Siberian Craton. The formation of industrial ores of the Sukhoi Log deposit and ore-controlling folding dates back to the Late Ordovician- Early Silurian (~450-420 Ma). The second stage of the development of weakly gold-bearing ores falls on the Early Carboniferous (340-300 Ma). The study demonstrates the absence of an ore-controlling fault zone of the syn-folding stage (450-420 Ma). It is shown that the internal structure of the gold ore zone is comprised of intensely deformed rocks in the anticline core with bedding-plane gold-quartz-pyrite veinlets. It is concluded that the Sukhoi Log deposit is a classic example of disharmonic folding of plastic rocks in the anticline core, where the signs of two stages of structure formation are combined: buckle folding with flow and laminar flow. The present geostructural studies of the deposit and the previously published data suggest that this is an orogenic deposit with metamorphic-metasomatic redistribution of ore matter.
A.E. Budyak1,2, Yu.I. Tarasova1,2 1Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 2Irkutsk National Technical University, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: Organic matter, orogenic gold deposits, diagenesis, catagenesis, metamorphism
The paper summarizes the results of long-term geochemical studies on the regional geology of the Bodaibo synclinorium as a whole and the local (ore) geology of individual orogenic gold deposits located within the world’s largest Lena metallogenic province. The main attention is focused on the role of organic matter in ore genesis. The paper presents results of a study of the transformation of organic matter of carbonaceous shales (soluble (bitumen) and insoluble carbonaceous matter) during catagenetic and metamorphic transformations. The absence of a significant correlation between insoluble carbon and gold has been demonstrated. This is due to the low sorption capacity of graphitized organic matter relative to its primary (precatagenic) counterpart. Carboxylic esters (lipids) have been identified in bitumens of carbonaceous shales, thus confirming the bacterial and planktonogenic origin of the primary organic matter of sediments. The similar gold contents in bitumen from rocks within the studied deposits and in bitumen from remote rocks indicate the presence of gold in the organic fluid. It is concluded that carbon plays one of the leading roles in the gold mobilization and migration at the stage of catagenesis. However, the hypothesis that organic matter can be a barrier to metal-bearing hydrotherms is not confirmed. Based on the model of the catagenetic formation of oil fields, we show the high probability of the formation of gold mineralization at the Dal’naya Taiga-Zhuya stratigraphic level in the Neoproterozoic section of the Baikal-Patom region.
E.Yu. Golubkova1, E.A. Kushim1, E.G. Raevskaya2, I.M. Bobrovskiy3, T.S. Zaitseva1, E.G. Dovzhikova4, A.V. Titova1, A.V. Kolesnikov5, D.V. Grazhdankin6 1Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia 2A.P. Karpinsky All-Russian Geological Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia 3Helmholtz Centre for Geosciencs, Potsdam, Germany 4Ukhta State Technical University, Ukhta, Russia 5Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 6Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Microfossils, macrofossils, glauconite, Rb-Sr dating, stratigraphy, Vendian, Ediacaran, Cambrian, East European Platform
We carried out palaeontological studies of the Vendian-Cambrian boundary strata from the Leningrad Region in the north of the East European Platform (northern part of the Baltic Basin). A stratigraphic succession of micro- and macrofossil associations has been recognised in the Taitsy-2 drill-core section comprising three Upper Vendian associations: (I) Aataenia reticularis, (II) Vendotaenia antiqua - Incertae sedis Forma 1, and (III) Bicuspidata fusiformis - Vanavarataenia insolita of the Kotlin Regional Stage; and two Lower Cambrian associations: (IV) Ceratophyton sp. - Teophipolia lacerate of the combined Rivne-Lontova Regional Stage, and (V) Archaeodiscina umbonulata - Globosphaeridium cerinum - Skiagia orbiculare of the Dominopol Regional Stage. The early Cambrian taxa Ceratophyton sp., Granomarginata squamacea , Teophipolia lacerata , and Platysolenites antiquissimus first appearing at the base of the Lomonosov Formation and extending their stratigraphic range into the overlying Siverskaya Formation define the position of Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. The Rivne and Lontova regional stages are indistinguishable based on palaeontological data. The cooccurrence of fragmented metazoan fossils and acanthomorph acritarchs in the Lükati Formation expands the palaeontological characteristics of the Dominopol Regional Stage of the European part of Russia. We also conducted isotope-geochronological studies of sandstone-hosted glauconite from the Lower Cambrian Siverskaya Formation that yielded a Rb-Sr date of 457 ± 3 Ma. The glauconite appears to be altered and rejuvenated as suggested by mineralogy and crystallochemistry data, is not suitable for stratigraphic purposes, but provides information on timing and contribution of later geological processes.
I.K. Seminskiy1, F.R. Kuklina2, D.B. Nemtseva2, A.V. Kuvshinov1 1Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 2OOO “Sigma-Geo”, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: Magnetotelluric sounding, Baikal Rift Zone, Tunka Rift, crustal conductive layer, geothermal and mineral waters
We report the results of deep magnetotelluric sounding, conducted for the first time within the Tunka basin system, which belongs to the southwestern flank of the Baikal Rift Zone. Despite the regional scope of the study, electrical conductivity anomalies were identified at virtually all intervals of the geoelectric section constructed to depths of 70 km. In the western part of the Tunka Rift, at the lower lithosphere level, there is an area of rocks that were presumably heated by a mantle plume, which was identified in previous studies in northern Mongolia. The position of the crustal conductive layer, which likely is a mineralized reservoir of planetary scale, is atypical: its thickness increases, and its roof rises towards the central part of the Tunka Basin. In the upper part of the Earth’s crust, subvertical conductive zones have been distinguished, which can be traced from the crustal conductive layer to sedimentary deposits. These zones are associated with fluid migration channels transporting geotherms of mantle origin. A correlation has been noted between these subvertical conductive anomalies and known thermal and/or mineral groundwater outlets, including “Nilova Pustyn”, “Arshan”, and “Zhemchug”. Additionally, one of the subvertical conductive zones in the eastern Tunka Rift, associated with a fluid migration channel, has been detected within sedimentary deposits (or does not reach them) near the Tibel’ti village, where the presence of geothermal waters had not been previously documented.
Yu.P. Ampilov1,2, S.V. Gorbachev1 1Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 2Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Seismic monitoring, field development, 4D seismic survey, towed streamers, seabed stations, reservoir pressure, reservoir flooding, fiber optic systems, seismic inversion, acoustic impedance
4D seismic is a series of time laps 3D seismic surveys employed during development of oil and gas fields. Its goal is to register changes in seismic wavefield within target interval caused by hydrocarbon extraction, which allows for optimization of field development plan (i.e. optimizing reservoir drainage, oil well placement, reducing reservoir development uncertainty, etc.). This article provides the first comprehensive analysis of the current state of 4D seismic in Russia, where, unfortunately, there are only a few cases of utilization of this technology, while global experience already includes hundreds of successful examples. Various options for its implementation for deep-sea (offshore) and onshore hydrocarbon exploration and production are considered. However, not numerous, practically all known cases of 4D seismic survey acquisition over Russian hydrocarbon fields are analyzed, and future prospects of this technology in Russia are assessed.
N.O. Kozhevnikov
Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Interfacial polarization, the Maxwell-Wagner effect, voltage source, current source, induced polarization and time domain electromagnetic prospecting methods
The article, by the example of a layered material which can be reduced to a two-layer equivalent illustrates the differences in the frequency and transient responses of interfacial polarization depending on which source - current or voltage - is used to excite the ground in electrical and EM geophysical prospecting methods. In material science, a voltage source is usually used to study interfacial polarization. In this case, the manifestations of interfacial polarization are known as the Maxwell-Wagner effect. As for the geophysical induced polarization method, it uses a current source to energize the ground, which causes frequency and transient responses of the interfacial polarization to differ from those predicted by the Maxwell-Wagner theory. In principle, using the interfacial polarization frequency or transient responses measured with both current and voltage sources, one can find all properties of the equivalent two-layered model. In practice, however, polarization of grounding electrodes complicates the in-situ studies of the Maxwell-Wagner effect using a grounded source. There is no such a problem in the time domain electromagnetic prospecting method: when the current in the transmitter loop is switched off, a vortex electric field is induced in the ground, which - in terms of the circuit theory - is equivalent to using the voltage source.
V.V. Shcherbakova1, A.M. Pasenko2, V.P. Shcherbakov1, G.V. Zhidkov1, N.A. Afinogenova1, A.A. Karimov3 1Borok Geophysical Observatory of the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 142, Russia 2Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: Proterozoic, low paleointensity, bimodal geomagnetic field in the Proterozoic, Thellier-Coe method, Wilson-Burakov method, Anabar uplift, Siberian platform
Paleointensity determinations of the geomagnetic field in the Proterozoic were obtained using a set of rocks sampled from intrusive bodies in the north of the Siberian platform aged ~1500 Ma. Magnetic and thermomagnetic properties of rocks were studied in detail. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic analyses were performed. It is shown that single- and small pseudo-single-domain magnetite grains serve as carriers of the characteristic natural remanent magnetization component. Paleointensity Banc was determined using the Thellier-Coe method with the checkpoint procedure (test heating to lower temperatures) and the Wilson-Burakov method. A total of 22 determinations (34 with duplicates) satisfying modern reliability criteria were obtained for six sites. All of them exhibit low values of the field magnitude and virtual dipole moment. They change within a range of (4.7-17.6) μT and (1.21-3.85) ×1022Am2, respectively, which is approximately four times lower than their mean values in the modern era. Paleointensity determinations for the Proterozoic presented in the international database and the inclination function a ( I ) = 1/(1 + 3cos2(I))1/2 were subjected to a joint analysis. It is revealed that the data on the diagram ( Banc, a(I)) are divided into high- and low-paleointensity clusters. At the same time, both clusters indicate a dipole field geometry regardless of intensity. The analysis confirms the hypothesis of the bimodal geomagnetic field generation regime in the Proterozoic, which may indicate the absence of a solid inner core in the early and middle Proterozoic, attributing its formation to a later era (Ediacaran).
The quasi-equilibrium directional crystallization method was used to model a new type of zoning in the Cu-Fe-Ni-S system. A melt with the following composition (in at.%) was crystallized: 14.00 Cu, 30.00 Fe, 4.00 Ni, 51.00 S, and 0.1 each of Pt, Pd, Ag, Au, As, Te, Bi, Pb, Se, and Sn. Optical and electron microscopy, micro-X-ray spectral analysis, differential thermal analysis, and powder diffraction methods were used to analyze the composition and structure of the ingot. Based on the results of measuring the average solid phase composition, the distribution curves of macrocomponents in the ingot in the interval g from 0 to 0.81 (g is the fraction of crystallized melt) were plotted. The change of melt composition and distribution coefficients between solid phases and melt in the process of directed crystallization was also calculated. The obtained sample consists of three primary zones: the monosulfide solid solution with a composition ranging from (Fe₀.₇₅Ni₀.₁₀Cu₀.₀₆)0.91S to (Fe₀.₆₉Ni₀.₁₅Cu₀.₀₉)0.93S (Mss) the Zone I, and two intermediate solid solutions: ~ (Fe₀.₅₇Ni₀.₀₃Cu₀.₄₅)1.05S (Iss1) the Zone II and (Fe₀.₄₆Ni₀.₀₆Cu₀.₅₂)1.05S (Iss2) the Zone III. The peritectic character of the crystallization of Iss1 and Iss2
from the melt was established. The trajectories of melt and solid phases composition and series of conodes are plotted for Mss and Iss1 on the phase diagram of Cu-Fe-Ni-S system. Secondary zonality is described by the following sequence of phases: Pyh 1C + Pyh 3C + Icb + Ccp / Ccp + Iss + Fe-Pn, Sug / Ccp + Ni-Pn +NiS+Bn (Pyh - hexagonal pyrrhotite, Icb - isocubanite, Ccp - chalcopyrite, Pn - pentlandite, Sgk - sugakiite, Bn - bornite) and belongs to the high-sulfur pyrrhotite+cubanite-chalcopyrite type of ore body zonation.
I.E. Lebedev1, V.E. Pavlov1, P.L. Tikhomirov1, A.M. Pasenko1, U.S. Efremova2
1Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: North-East of Eurasia, Bering Sea region, Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt, Valunistoe deposit, paleomagnetism, geochronology.
This paper presents new geochronological and paleomagnetic data that support the idea of later termination of magmatism in the Okhotsk-Chukotka Volcanic Belt (OCVB) within the East Chukotka flank zone than previously thought. It also allows the calculation of a new paleomagnetic pole (78.6°N, 212.2°E, A95= 4.7°, N=104) with an age of ~72 Ma for the vicinity of the Valunistoe deposit. Combined with paleomagnetic data previously obtained by us for the Kupol deposit area, the new results lead to the following conclusions: 1. The studied areas (the "Kupol" and "Valunistoe" location) have experienced relatively small, but statistically significant, displacements relative to the North American plate during the time interval from the Late Cretaceous to the present. 2. The "Kupol" location is rotated counterclockwise by several to a few tens of degrees relative to the North American plate, while the "Valunistoe" location is displaced relative to this plate in latitude by a distance of at least several hundred kilometers. 3. Based on the obtained data, we propose a model, building on the existing Bering Sea region model of Redfield and Fitzgerald (1993), according to which the "Kupol" and "Valunistoe" locations belong to the boundary area between the North American plate and the Bering plate, represented by a series of tectonic blocks. The tectonic block to which the "Valunistoe" location belongs is one of the westernmost blocks grouped into the Bering plate, while the "Kupol" location belongs to the easternmost regions of the Chukotka deformed margin of the North American plate. Deformations arising in the interaction of these tectonic blocks in the region under consideration are mainly diffuse. The Trans-Bering Seismic Belt appears to be a potential area where the discussed deformations may be most concentrated.
The impact facies are subdivided to coptogenic (primarily deposited) and coptomictic (redeposited) units. The redeposited impact facies remain poorly studied at present. In this work, the deposits of the coptomictic facies on the basis of the Kara astrobleme are characterized in detail for the first time. Structural and textural features of impactites at the macrolevel and microscopic structural and material features of the constituent components (lithoclasts, vitroclasts and matrix) of lapilli and agglomerate suevites of the Sayakha River area are considered. According to the reconstruction, the breccia impactites of the crater rim at the northwestern sector of the Kara astrobleme were formed under conditions of the landslides facies from the crater wall at the stage of early modification of the astrobleme. The results obtained can be used to reconstruct a model of the Kara impact structure formation and to improve the unified model of the breccia impactites formation of coptomictic facies in a large meteorite crater.
Within the framework of the elastic-plastic model of the behavior of the medium, the influence of the non-uniform distribution of properties and the geometry of the problem on the stress-strain state of a 500 km thick block model under the action of gravity is considered. Calculations were carried out in a 2D formulation of a plane stress state for a rectangular and cylindrical profile, taking into account the curvature of the Earth's surface. It is shown that anomalies in the stress-strain state and zones of development of irreversible deformation are determined primarily by the heterogeneity of the structure, the presence of density and rheological anomalies. The geometry of the models, taking into account the curvature of the lithosphere significantly affects primarily the stress state in the crust, where the greatest shear strength is, which determines the development of irreversible deformation depending on the heterogeneity of the medium.
In this work, to assess the influence of the geometric factor on the stress-strain state of the lithosphere, numerical modeling of its seismic model along the Craton profile, 3600 km long and 500 km deep, presented in rectangular and cylindrical coordinates, was carried out. A comparison of the obtained solutions was carried out.
The change in the stress-strain state during the rise and immersion of a block of the medium with a cylindrical formulation of the problem is considered. It is shown that vertical displacements with such a formulation have a noticeable effect on horizontal stresses and can lead to the development of irreversible deformation.
It is shown that with successive layer-by-layer build-up of the crust, the deviation of tangential stresses in a cylindrical setting from horizontal stresses of a flat model at the surface is negligibly small. The maximum deviation occurs at the middle of the depth of the deformed layer.
E. A. Vorontsov
Russian State University of Social Technologies, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Interactive learning, competence approach, education, knowledge, methodology, science, dialectics, questioning, reflexes
Introduction. From the moment of inclusion in the normative component of the educational process of a competence approach among the main indicators of pedagogical skill, the level of proficiency in forms and practices of interactive learning comes to the fore. Global trends of the educational process (humanization, personalization, antipatronalism, pluralism) allow to predict the steady growth of “demandˮ for innovative cognitive practices and put on the agenda the expediency of their improvement. Research on this topic is usually limited to the description of the external component of interactive learning (level of interactive technologies), philosophical-theoretical basis of interactive practices remain in the shadows. Methodology. During the work, the main philosophical and general-scientific methods of research were applied: dialectics, comparative historical analysis, the principle of systematicity, the principle of climbing from abstract to concrete observation, modeling, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. Discussion. In order to optimize the educational process it is advisable to distinguish between the idea of interactive learning having deep historical and philosophical roots and its actual modern implementation. In the light of basic features of scientific knowledge, the shortcomings of generally accepted interactive practices were identified: hypertrophy of subjectivity, unsystematic, lack of self-reflection, ignoring achievements and values of traditional school. The basic parameters of philosophical measurement of interactive learning, set within the framework of platonic, Cartesian and Hermeneutic traditions, are analyzed. Conclusion. The system-substantive model of interactive interaction, based on epistemological and methodological ideas of classical philosophical thought, assumes a balanced attention to personal characteristics of the student - on the one hand, and the fundamental distinction between science and other kinds of cognitive experience - on the other. The contrast between interactive and traditional forms of knowledge transfer and control should be seen as counterproductive. The methodology of teaching should not contradict the basic principles of scientific knowledge.
A. G. Confisakhor1, O. V. Plebanek2 1A. I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia 2Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: multiple identity, constructive identity, homeoresis, identitarian politics, society, education system
Introduction. In modern scientific discourse and in the space of mass media, the narrative of identity occupies an increasingly important place. The gap between human naturalistic attributions and constructivist identities creates problems in regulating social processes and causes legitimate concern in the scientific and political community. The negative aspects of this phenomenon - the appearance of artificial identities - require analysis. The attitude towards this phenomenon depends on the identification of the place of self-identification process in the the social system functioning. Methodology. The modern scientific paradigm presupposes the consideration of society as a self-developing system, that is, immanently capable of reformatting its own structures. At the same time, a large place in the concepts formation of social dynamics is given to the principle of teleology, which not only allows, but presupposes the impossibility of excluding the observer - a significant role of the cognizing subject, a person, in constructing the reality in which he exists. The general principles of the post-non-classical paradigm of science in social knowledge have been embodied in a number of concepts. The study of the phenomenon of multiple identity is based on the concepts of autopoiesis of Maturana and Varela, the Sedov-Ashby diversity law, and a systematic approach in psychology developed by a number of Russian authors (for example: Hansen, Gorbatenko, Lomov). Discussion. Based on the laws of functioning of self-developing systems and their correlation with social dynamics, a conclusion is drawn about the necessary and natural emergence of constructive and multiple identities, the formation of which is associated with the need to form personality qualities congruent to new civilizational realities. Conclusion. The phenomenon of multiple self-identification is an element of the homeoresis mechanism of the social system, which makes it possible to overcome a crisis situation and maintain a stable trajectory of development in an unstable reality.
N. G. Glazunov
The Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: education system, specialization, creative economy, reindustrialization, technological structure, catch-up modernization, individual and social dimensions
Introduction. There are two basic dimensions in which any education system is found: individual and social. The former one is aimed at realizing a person’s subjective abilities and interests, as well as their professional preferences. The latter considers a person primarily as a labor unit. The article focuses on analysis of the dialectical relationship between education systems functioning, the development of modern domestic economy and ways to increase effectiveness of this interaction. The methodology was based on a comparative historical method that takes into account functioning of the Soviet Education System, as well as the world’s dominant educational and economic development. The methods of analogy and interpretation allowed us to put forward a hypothesis about the mechanism of mutual influence of the education system and the strategic vector of national economy development. Discussion. The Russian economy diversification is the only key to its development. The modern economic system cannot be competitive while the raw materials production prevails over production of final products. This is not only a matter of economic efficiency, but also of national sovereignty. An attempt to adopt any technological patterns from other countries and build a model of a national economy according to appropriate algorithms inevitably leads to the path of catch-up modernization, which, despite numerous attempts in the XX-XXI centuries, in fact, never achieved its goals. A more promising path is development of a creative economy, which is based on the predominance of innovative, creative ideas that have received their commercial formalization. It is the sphere of creative economy that is currently represented by all the leading world-class companies. The creative economy development could be facilitated by an education system based not on the principles of narrow specialization, but on the contrary, on broad, fundamental knowledge that would allow a subject to promptly respond to market conditions and to meet individual needs. Conclusion. The prospects of the Russian diversified economy are quite clearly linked to the state and strategic vector of the Russian education development. The creative economy development is an opportunity to avoid “catch-up modernization” and form a socio-economic sphere that meets the modern society requirements.
I. V. Angarskaya, M. E. Pozdnyakova
Institute of Sociology, Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: human dignity, education, educational strategy, values, patriotism, globalization, patriotic humanism
Introduction. Asking the question: “Is it necessary to form the practice of patriotism in the Russian education system in order to foster human dignity?”, and if so, on what principles: sociocentrism, egocentrism or relativism. The article analyzes the importance of patriotic humanism in the human dignity formation as a process based on a harmonious synthesis of Russian traditions, modern achievements, and the experience of scientific schools that direct their pedagogical efforts taking into account the achievements of cultural-historical (humanitarian) and systemic-activity (technocratic) approaches. Methodology. A comprehensive review of philosophical views on the formation of human dignity as an educational strategy of Russian patriotic humanism is presented. The interdisciplinary nature of the problem under study has led to the application of educational and axiological methodology using practical and experimental analysis. The proposed new concepts and definitions may be of interest for further philosophical understanding and the development of the educational system in Russia. Discussion. Russia is a unique civilization that serves as the basis for the free life and development of its citizens, their families, and peoples, which form the foundation of the dignity of Russia itself. This is precisely what makes up the qualitative difference between the modern educational approach to the human dignity formation, which is associated with the concept of patriotic humanism and differs from previous stages in the synthesis of spiritual, moral and civic-patriotic education of the individual. In modern conditions, the idea of Russian patriotic humanism, which combines classical humanistic values emphasizing Russian traditions, has been formed in Russian education as a moral foundation for the human dignity formation. Conclusion. Human dignity in the educational strategy of Russian patriotic humanism can be considered in the formation of such personality qualities as morality, a sense of self-realization, independence in making life decisions, a sense of self-importance, awareness of one’s contribution to the development of the state and society as a whole. In modern Russian education, the practices of civic and patriotic education of human dignity are being integrated, combining social and legal components with components that represent a spiritual and moral component, which in turn is the core of patriotic education.
Nanjidmaa Khishigdulam1, A. A. Izgarskaya2 1Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: world-system approach, geopolitical theory, integration processes, education in Mongolia, bilingual education, ethnic minorities, Bayan-Ulgii
Introduction. The current system of language education in Mongolia focuses on teaching Mongolian - the state language, mother tongue, and English to the younger generations. In the context of contemporary Mongolia, it is imperative to assess the status of bilingual education for ethnic minorities and to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to the prevailing challenges. Methodology. In order to comprehend the challenges posed by bilingual education, it is imperative to explore its interconnection with the evolving socio-economic landscape of Mongolia. This exploration encompasses the nation’s integration into the Soviet system during the 20th century, as well as its subsequent integration into the post-Soviet era’s international division of labor system. The theoretical basis for this was the world-system approach and the theory of geopolitical dynamics developed by R. Collins. Discussion. The bilingual education of ethnic minorities was contingent upon the nature of the larger system, which encompassed Mongolian society. The socialist system functioned relatively autonomously from the world system of division of labor. The sustainability of this system was contingent upon the variety of functions that the included societies were capable of performing. Diversity that promotes sustainability has been achieved in two ways. First, through territorial expansion. In this process, the Russian language and education served to form long-term ties with the societies included in the system. There was not only an economic and cultural rise of Mongolian society, but also its «Russification». Secondly, the diversity of elements was formed by the establishment of ethnic group boundaries, with language being the primary means in this regard. Consequently, favorable conditions were established in Mongolia for the development of small peoples’ languages. Following the dissolution of the socialist system, Mongolia’s language education underwent a reorientation towards the international division of labor, with English assuming a dominant role. Ethnic minority language education projects aim to attract core capital, which requires long-term ties and the willingness of Mongolian society to support it in competition with China. On this basis, the problems of bilingual education of Kazakh and Tuvan ethnic minorities in Bayan-Ulgii aimag are described in detail. Conclusion. The Mongolian state has been able to partially restore the previously established ethnic minority language education system. However, the world-system is entering a period of disintegration that will lead to an exodus of core capital. There is a danger that Mongolia will find itself in networks of unequal exchange with China without any international counterweight to its power, which means that the problems of bilingual education for ethnic minorities will be posed and solved differently.
S. I. Chernykh
Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: higher education, institutional approach, product approach, modeling of educational interactions, learning, digital culture
Introduction. In the context of rapid digitalization of all levels of social and individual life, research related to the convergence of traditional education into the digital space is particularly relevant. The article is devoted to a comprehensive review of the correlation of learning strategies in higher education within the framework of digital culture as a procedural sociotechnical phenomenon. The methodology is based on a combination of institutional and product approaches as the most representative in the analysis of dynamic digitalization processes. Discussion. There are many discussions about the advantages and risks of the process of mutual convergence of classical learning and digital culture. New educational practices are being considered, including personalization, gamification, micro-learning, the use of big data and neural networks in modeling learning trajectories and the use of educational content, etc. The advantages of these practices are formulated (as possibilities and as consequences): individualization of learning, increased motivation and involvement of subjects in educational interactions, the effect of continuity in the development of an individual’s educational potential, etc. Along with the advantages, the risks are also analyzed. Traditionally, these include fragmentation of knowledge, delegation of responsibility, lowering the threshold of critical thinking, cybersecurity issues, the anthropologization of gadgets, the “devaluation” of living experience, and much more. This indicates a steady trend of considering the subject of education not only as a “productˮ of educational systems, but as an “integrated system of functionsˮ that he can perform based on the personal potential developed in the education system. Conclusion. The formation of a model of correlation between classical and digital learning formats is in its infancy. Today, a kind of “asset redistribution” is taking place, in the process of which “digital ownersˮ (neural networks, educational platforms, chatbots, AI agents, etc.) “captureˮ the space of educational entities, starting from the state and ending with family and individuals. The effect of such strategies is not determined.
B. O. Mayer
Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: education, artificial intelligence, complexity, hierarchical management, myths of digitalization, Turing test, behaviorism
Introduction. The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into education is a kind of substitution, including the substitution of concepts, since intelligence does not exist at all, especially artificial intelligence. In addition, such substitution can mask the implicit processes taking place in the educational process. Let’s consider two tasks: Which old myths about AI and digitalization in education have been revived on a modern technological basis? And also, do educational managers understand what AI is, its capabilities and limitations, and do they need such an understanding? The research methodology was based on a systematic analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on the research topic, as well as on a historical analysis of the origin primary sources of the machine metaphor - “can a machine thinkˮ? Discussion. The complexity of the most advanced modern digital neural networks lags behind the complexity of a single human brain by at least a million times. Nevertheless, substituting concepts, it is believed that such a network has a certain “intelligenceˮ. This is due to the virtually non-alternative belief in the field of AI that intelligence can be identified by the Turing test, which is nothing more than the revival of behaviorism on a modern computer base in its most fundamentalist manifestation: “stimulus-responseˮ allows you to formalize intellectual processes. Conclusion. The introduction of AI in the education field is due to the fact that in modern reality, the educational process is part of the economic process. The comprehensive implementation of digitalization and its derivative AI preserves the existing economic and managerial relations with all the consequences that follow from this.
A. V. Govorushenko
Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: determiing stage, adaptation, adaptability, experimental work, foreign language, education, training
Introduction. The students` adaptation to the educational process at the university is the most important stage in student life, because the further education of a young person, his success, and the future depend on its success. Therefore, many researchers pay attention to this problem. We have developed a model for the adaptation of the first-year students of the Language faculty of the Pedagogical University. To verify the effectiveness of the model we have developed, it is necessary to determine the initial indicators of the adaptability level of the first-year students and conduct an input diagnosis. In this article, we will present the results of the ascertaining stage of experimental work to verify the effectiveness of this model. Methodology. When building the model, we used competence-based, systemic and personal-activity approaches, as well as the principles of continuity and constancy of the adaptation process, progressiveness, perspective, consistency. Also, for conducting experimental work, we have developed a criterion-assessment apparatus and the levels of adaptation of first-year students. Discussion. In this study, we present the results of the ascertaining stage of experimental work to test the effectiveness of the adaptation model of the first year of the Language faculty of the Pedagogical University, during which the primary diagnosis of students’ adaptability and an introductory questionnaire were conducted. The experimental work was organized on the basis of the Faculty of Foreign Languages (FFL) of the Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (NSPU). Experimental research base: 120 first-year students of Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (training area: “Pedagogical education” with one and two profiles. Conclusion. The analysis and generalization of the results of the ascertaining stage of experimental work give grounds to assert that first-year students have a low level of adaptability to university studies, to the study group, and the implementation of the model of adaptation of the first-year students to university studies developed by us is capable of achieving a high level of adaptability to the educational process of the university.
B. V. Penkov1, L. I. Agafonova2, O. Y. Smolenchuk3, E. V. Vinogradova4 1Synergy University, Moscow, Russia 2Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia 3National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 4Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia
Keywords: AI, AI tools, blended learning, digital leadership, English language teaching, online learning
Introduction. The article explores the potential of AI in English language teaching and learning; the focus is on integration of AI technologies into pedagogical practice and their application in the educational process. The purpose of the study is to empirically analyze professors’ and students’ perceptions of the introduction of AI tools into teaching modern languages and to identify trends in this area. Methodology. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analyze educators’ and students’ perceptions of the integration of AI technologies into English language teaching and learning. The empirical analysis of survey responses is conducted primarily using qualitative methods. Emphasis is placed on the descriptive methods of analyzing the chart, percentage indicators are given and explained, indicators are contrasted using the comparative method, and empirical conclusions are drawn. Discussion. The survey revealed a variety of respondents’ attitudes to the use and role of AI. The diagram allowed to identify trends: most of the survey’s participants acknowledge the deployment of AI tools in language education, but they also note insufficient awareness of the scale and possibilities of their application, demonstrating basic digital literacy. Conclusion. Respondents expect AI technologies to improve the educational process; the integration of AI in English language teaching is perceived as a promising trend that transforms educational practice.
T. G. Lobova, T. V. Mironenko
Omsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Omsk, Russia
Keywords: personalization, depersonalization, professional and personal qualities of a doctor, higher education, dialogue, thinking, personality, medicine
Introduction. Active introduction of «technocratic model» in medicine, changes the nature of «doctor-patient» relations. They are judged today as depersonalized. The depersonalization of doctor-patient relations indicates an essential «crisis of medicine». The reason for the latter is seen in the displacement from practical health care of an approach to the patient that has been developed for centuries, based on the principle of mutual trust. The issue of the role of higher medical education in overcoming the processes of depersonalization of medicine becomes topical. Overcoming is possible due to the reflection of the valuable bases of the medical activity and professionally significant personal qualities of the specialist in the training process. Methodology. The authors use an axiological approach in analyzing the contradictions between the peculiarities of modern medical practice and the declared traditional values. Drawing on scientific literature on the designated problem, the authors turn to their own experience of teaching humanities in medical university. Discussion. The basis of the dialectical nature and uniqueness of medical practice are considered, which necessarily determine «professional-value orientations and personality qualities» of the future specialist. It is argued that in the formation of the future doctor, the leading role belongs to the disciplines of the humanitarian cycle. Conclusion. In the current conditions of dehumanization of medicine, one of the tasks of disciplines of the humanitarian cycle in medical university becomes a critical comprehension of the value bases of the profession of doctor. This problem can be related to the application of a number of pedagogical techniques, allowing medical students to realize the reconstruction of conceptual dimensions of medicine, without which it is difficult to maintain a holistic perception and medical experience, and the mission of the doctor.
B. P. ADUEV, D. R. NURMUKHAMETOV, V. D. VOLKOV, S. A. SOZINOV
Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: laser radiation, brown coal, ash content, catalytic action
Pages: 251–258
The effect of mineral components of brown coal on the efficiency of coal microparticle combustion under pulsed periodic exposure to laser radiation (1064 nm, 120 s, 3 Hz) has been studied. The experimental samples were pressed tablets with a density of 1 g/cm3. Under microparticle irradiation with the same doses, the burnt mass is larger in samples with higher ash content, which indicates the catalytic effect of the mineral part of coal on burnout rate. The morphology of the surface and transverse chips of the samples after irradiation was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It has been found that the fused drops of minerals are observed on the surface of high-ash samples, and the channels of burnt organic part are observed on the transverse chips, along with the formation of calcium oxide phase.
V. R. ANTIPENKO, S. S. ZHBANOVA
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, omsk, Russia
Keywords: natural asphaltite, autoclave conversion in supercritical water, liquid products, low molecular weight nitrogen bases, analysis, composition
Pages: 259–271
Results of the comparative gas chromatographic - mass spectrometric analysis of the structural-group and molecular compositions of nitrogen-containing basic compounds, isolated by acid extraction from the deasphaltisates of high-sulphur natural asphaltite and the liquid products of its conversion in supercritical water (SCW) at 400 °C and 40 MPa in the presence of potassium hydroxide are presented for the first time. The higher yield of the acid extract in conversion products in comparison with initial asphaltite suggests that an additional portion of low-molecular nitrogen bases is generated during the destruction of asphaltenes and resins of asphaltite under the process conditions. In both extracts, the compounds of homologous series of quinoline, thiophenoquinolines, benzoquinolines, benzothiophenoquinolines, benzoacridines, azapyrenes were identified. It has been determined for the liquid products of SCW conversion that the content of benzoquinolines and benzoacrydines with respect to quinolines increases by a factor of 1.5, and thiophenoquinolines - by a factor of 1.2. Furthermore, among most of the nitrogen base types, the fraction of unsubstituted compounds and/or compounds containing a smaller total number of carbon atoms in the aromatic ring substituents is observed to increase in the conversion products. A change in the content of nitrogen bases or their appearance in conversion products suggests the presence of such nitrogen- and nitrogen-sulphur-containing structural fragments in the molecules of resin-asphaltene substances (RAS) of natural asphaltite.
S. V. BURLAKOVA1, M. T. EGORYCHEVA1, V. V. FOMENKO2, N. F. SALAKHUTDINOV2, A. B. SHCHERBAN3 1Siberian Federal Research Center of Agrobiotechnologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, Russia 2N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: soft spring wheat, biopreparations, seed dressing, root rot, leaf area, biomass, ear structure, crop yield
Pages: 272–282
New efficient broad-spectrum preparations have been developed on the basis of the aqueous solution of Novochizol with the addition of Siberian pine bark extract (SPE) and usnic acid (UA), the substance isolated from the Usnea lichen genus. Optimisation of the procedures for fungicide extraction from plant raw materials has been carried out to reduce costs and obtain pure extracts in quantities sufficient to make complex preparations. During field experiments conducted in 2022-2023 in the Novosibirsk Region, we studied the effect of seed treatment with Novochizol forms with the addition of SPE and UA on the development of root rot and leaf diseases, growth processes and yield of spring wheat Novosibirskaya 31. The use of Novochizol + UA complex as the growth regulator contributed to the reduction of root rot in the phases of tillering and milky-wax ripeness by 53.3 and 41.6 %, and Novochizol + SPE complex by 25.0 and 37.0 %, respectively. When using the seed protectant Dividend Extreme, the corresponding indicators were 70.0 and 28.6 %, respectively. The above-mentioned Novochizol + UA, Novokhizol + SPE complexes and the Dividend Extreme preparation showed effectiveness against septoria, which was 65.0, 66.7 and 67.7 %, respectively. Seed treatment had a positive growth-stimulating effect on such parameters as sprout formation, tillering, biomass accumulation, plant density, height and area of the flag leaf, and significantly improved ear structure indicators. The effect of the form of Novochizol with the addition of UA was more pronounced. Seed treatment provided an additional yield relative to the control (2.7 t/ha) at the level of 0.3 t/ha when using Novochizol + UA and 0.2 t/ha when using Novochizol + SPE or the fungicide Dividend Extreme.
I. I. GAINUTDINOV, N. F. UVAROV
Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: organic ionic salts, ionic conductivity, electrolytes, molecular dynamics, nanocomposites
Pages: 283–289
Computer models of tetra-n-alkylammonium tetrafluoroborates have been developed. The transport, structural, and thermodynamic properties were studied over a wide temperature range. It is shown that under the conditions of a model experiment, crystallisation processes in the organic salts under consideration are kinetically inhibited, and the models remain in a glassy state in the temperature range from the melting point to 300 K. The diffusion coefficients in the molten state are in accordance with the experimental results, and are within 10-7-10-8 m2/s.
N. S. ZAKHAROV, A. N. POPOVA, V. M. PUGACHEV, V. G. DODONOV, YU. A. ZAKHAROV
Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: nanoalloys, Fe-Pt, hydrazine hydrate, phase compositions, X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Pages: 290–296
The scheme of phase formation in Fe-Pt nanoalloy was established using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), including in situ heating, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). The nanoalloy particles were synthesised using the co-reduction of precursor solutions (Fe2+ and [PtCl6]2-) with an alkaline solution of hydrazine hydrate. To determine the scheme of solid Fe-Pt phase formation, the reduction process was stopped after 10 and 300 s by diluting the reaction mixture with cold (2 °C) water. Comparison of the results obtained using XRD, XPS, SAXS, and ICP-OES methods allowed us to establish that the formation of the solid phase under reduction-oxidation reaction conditions is a staged process. The first and fastest stage is the formation of the Pt-phase with particle sizes ≈3 nm. The second stage involves the joint reduction of platinum and iron precursors on the surface of Pt particles formed at the first stage. The last stage is the formation of ultrafine particles enriched in Fe under the conditions of Pt precursor deficiency.
V.S. KRESTYANINOVA1,2, A.V. SAIKO1,2, P.A. DOLGUSHEV1, O.V. KLIMOV1 1Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: polypropylene, thermolysis oil, thermolysis, plastic waste, macromolecule decomposition mechanism, oil refining, diesel fuel
Pages: 297–302
Physicochemical characteristics of thermolysis oil obtained from polypropylene have been determined. The hydrocarbon composition, studied by two-dimensional gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, as well as calculation of the iodine value, shows that the major components of the resulting oil are isoalkanes and alkenes. The results obtained allow us to draw conclusions about the mechanism of polypropylene transformation during thermolysis, and data on the fractional composition, density and viscosity further characterise thermolysis oil from the perspective of a petroleum product.
S. KH. LIFSHITS, Y. S. GLYAZNETSOVA, O. N. CHALAYA, I. N. ZUEVA
Federal Research Center “The Yakut Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Oil and Gas Problems SB RAS, Yakutsk, Russia
Keywords: fresh and old oil pollution of soils, bioremediation, microbiological oxidation, chain free radical mechanism
Pages: 303–312
Bioremediation is the most relevant and popular method of soil purification from oil pollution, especially in the northern regions. The results of field experiments to study the influence of the age of oil pollution on the efficiency of microbiological remediation of soils on the territory of the former oil pipeline (southwest of Yakutia) are presented. Purification was carried out by introducing the biological preparation based on enrichment cultures of indigenous hydrocarbon-oxidising microorganisms, previously isolated from the soils of this territory. It was found that the degree of destruction of fresh pollution a year after bioremediation was 77.4 %, and for old 7-year-old pollution it was only 34.3 % (of the level that remained 7 years after the oil spill). For the first time, a decrease in the efficiency of bioremediation processes has been considered from the standpoint of the chain free radical mechanism of microbiological oxidation. In the absence of a readily oxidised substrate, specifically alkanes from n-C12 to n-C24, as well as 12,13-methylalkanes, which naturally degraded over 7 years, the initiation of oxidation slows down, and the addition of the biological preparation no longer allows achieving high purification efficiency. In addition, the formation of intermediate reaction products (high-molecular naphthenic-aromatic hydrocarbons) could inhibit the chain oxidation process due to the formation of stable intermediate radicals. The new formation of resins during bioremediation leads to hydrophobisation of soils and disruption of their water-air regime, which also could have a negative effect on the oxidative biodegradation of oil pollution. It has been shown that the method of bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils is most effective in the case of fresh oil spills.
E. A. LUGOVAYA, E. M. STEPANOVA
Scientific Research Center “Arktika”, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
Keywords: macro- and microelements, daily needs, dwarf cedar pine, pine seeds, raw cedar nut oil, the North
Pages: 313–318
To specify the region-associated mineral composition of the raw nut oil and seeds of the dwarf cedar pine (Pinus pumila) growing in an environmentally clean area of the Magadan Region, the content of 25 macro- and microelements in the raw materials was analysed. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the raw cedar nut oil is a source of the important trace elements - Zn and Cr. It has been determined that pine nuts can be considered as valuable food item because the inclusion of nuts in the diet in the amount of only 100 g can half satisfy the adult daily needs for Mg, P, Cu, Se, and Zn. This allows us to recommend raw cedar nut oil and pine seeds to be included into daily diet as a biologically active additive, which will replenish the deficiency of some vitally essential macro- and microelements for persons of any age when taken regularly in the amount not more than 1-2 teaspoons a day. No excess of the permissible levels of toxic elements in the studied samples was found, which confirms the environmental safety of the areas where the wild nut bush grows.
A. A. PECHENKIN1, I. V. ZAKHAROVA1,2, S. D. BADMAEV1, D. I. POTEMKIN1, P. V. SNYTNIKOV1 1Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: CO2 hydrogenation, indium oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, methanol
Pages: 319–326
The In2O3-ZrO2 and In2O3-CeO2 catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol were prepared and studied. The effect of oxide support on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of catalysts (CO2 conversion, selectivity and productivity with respect to methanol) was studied using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen, and temperature-programmed CO2 desorption. It has been shown that these catalysts are active and selective with respect to methanol formation at 220-300 °C and a pressure of 40 atm. However, over time, the In2O3-CeO2 catalyst becomes deactivated, while the In2O3-ZrO2 catalyst shows stable performance for at least 10 h.
Konstantin S. Baikov1, Elena V. Baikova1
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Caryophyllaceae, Dianthus, carnation, new species, diagnostic sign, Republic Tyva
A new species from Dianthus L. genus, endemic from Tyva Republic is described in the article as a new species for science. A detailed diagnosis of the new species is provided, indicating the morphological features of the structure of the root and above-ground shoots. Diagnostic characters have been established that permits reliably distinguish plants of the new species from D. chinensis L. s.l. ( D. versicolor Fisch. ex Link, D. ramosissimus Pall. ex Poir.), in which they were previously considered. Habitually, the plants of new species are short-stem perennial herbs, near 10-12 cm high, developing a taproot, in the above-ground sphere consisting of numerous generative shoots that form a dense turf. Their thin stems do not have spherical extensions at the nodes, develop 3-4 normal internodes, in most cases do not branch, and end in a single terminal flower. Their median leaves in the lower nodes do not wither and are not destroyed by the beginning of flowering, as in D. chinensis group of species; the bend of the petals during flowering has an intense pink color on the adaxial (inner) side and a noticeably lighter, pale pink color on the abaxtal (outer) side. When describing the new species, special attention was paid to the details of the structure and color of the bracts, which are different for the outer and inner pairs, the ratio of their lengths to each other and relative to the calyx tube, the color of the calyx tube and its teeth, which clearly distinguish plants of a new species from D. versicolor . D. tuvinicus habitats in desertified rocky steppes (so named ‘petrophyton’) mainly on fine-grained compacted substrates under conditions of high mineralization of organic matter on slight slopes and plumes in the Central Tyva intermountains.
Vera A. Cheryomushkina1, Eugenia B. Talovskaya1, Alexandra A. Guseva1, Alexey Yu. Astashenkov1, Gulnora R. Denisova1, Elizaveta K. Komarevtseva1
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Lamiaceae, ecological-cenotic characteristics, biomorphological features, Siberia
The article presents the results of the study of the Lamiaceae family in the Siberian sector of the Circumboreal floristic Region. 151 species from 29 genera were identified, which is 25.5 % of the total number of Lamiaceae species in the Circumboreal floristic Region. The highest concentration of species was found in the Altai-Sayan, West Siberian and Transbaikal provinces (from 71 to 96 species), in steppe belt communities (50.3 %) on stony-gravelly substrate. The following biomorphological features of shoots and individuals were analyzed: shoot growth cycle (mono-, di-, and polycyclic), shoot structure (semi-rosette, rosette, elongated), growth pattern (monopodial or sympodial), inflorescence location (terminal or lateral), flowering frequency (polycarpic, monocarpic), ontogenesis duration (annual, biennial, perennial), shoot or skeletal axes growth direction (orthotropic, plagiotropic, anisotropic), branching pattern (acrotonic, mesotonic, basitonic). The spectrum of life forms was determined, including 3 dwarf shrubs, 1 subshrub, 3 dwarf subshrubs, and 11 herbs (18 life forms in total). The distribution of life forms by floristic provinces is shown. It has been established that the most diverse life forms of the family representatives are in the Altai-Sayan province, and the least diverse in the Arctic province. The diversity of biomorphological features of the species is described and a set of morphological features characteristic of plants of most species is revealed. It is shown that perennials, polycarpics with monocyclic, rosette-less, anisotropic shoots, apical arrangement of inflorescence, basitonic branching, sympodial growth and mixed root system predominate in the family. Taproot and longrhizome herbs dominate among the life forms. t has been revealed that the diversity of life forms and biomorphological features of the shoot system determine the distribution of species in different ecological-cenotic conditions of the Siberian sector of the Circumboreal Region.
Environmental monitoring of urban and suburban forests is the basis for their conservation, rational use and improvement. Suburban forests of the City of Barnaul, represented by pine plantations of the Barnaul ribbon pine forest, are subject to long-term anthropogenic load. The purpose of this work is to identify the floristic composition of suburban pine forests of the City of Barnaul on a forest typological basis and compare them by studying individual partial floras (PF). The material was collected in forest communities on 36 sample plots (SP) located within the Barnaul Forestry at different distances from the city limits of Barnaul. The sample plots are 50 50 m (0.25 ha) in size and are laid in pine plantations related to the most common forest types in the forest fund: fresh and grassy pine forest. During the growing season of 2023-2024, geobotanical descriptions were carried out on each PP with the determination of the species composition and its projective cover. Comparative analysis of partial floras of pine stands showed that forest communities of grass forest are richer in the number of families, genera and species than communities of fresh forest. With increasing distance from the city (0-15 km), the taxonomic richness of the aboriginal fraction of PF decreases in stands of both forest types, and levels out in intact forest areas (15-34 km). The increase in the number of taxa in PF near the city limits is associated with the active introduction of non-forest elements - meadow and synanthropic ones. The basis of communities is formed by the following: by the nature of latitudinal distribution - boreal-nemoral and boreal species; by longitudinal distribution - species with the Eurasian range; in relation to moisture - mesophytes; by cenotic confinement - forest edge and forest. The participation of adventive taxa in the composition of the grass and fresh pine forest PF is indicative - species, genera and families, the share of which decreases sharply with distance from the city limits. The most aggressive transforming species is Acer negundo which penetrated into grass forest communities where it formed a dense undergrowth preventing the natural regeneration of the main forest-forming species - Pinus sylvestris .
Michael Yu. Telyatnikov1, Nikolai B. Ermakov2,5, Ksenia A. Ermokhina3, Olga V. Khitun4 1Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Nikita Botanical Garden - National Scientific Center RAS, Yalta, Russia 3A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia
4Komarov Botanical Institute, RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia 5Maykop State Technological University, Maykop, Russia
A new class of intrazonal sub-Arctic moderately mesophilous meadows - Polemonio borealis - Tanacetetea bipinnati Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun сlass nov. was described. The class represents the secondary communities occurring predominantly on eroded after wind deflation and well-drained sandy watersheds with the deep active layer of substrates in the sub-Arctic part of the tundra zone in Western and Central Siberia. They occupy also warm south-facing slopes of gulches and ravines on watersheds, lake or river terraces. The floristic peculiarity of the class is determined by the group of moderately xerophilous species originating from the xerothermic periods of the Pleistocene. Diagnostic species (D. s.) of the class: Armeria maritima, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium maximum, Dianthus repens, Draba hirta, Eremogone polaris, Festuca rubra subsp. arctica, Koeleria asiatica, Polemonium boreale, Potentilla stipularis, Rumex graminifolius, Salix nummularia, Silene paucifolia, Tanacetum bipinnatum, Thymus reverdattoanus . The class Polemonio borealis - Tanacetetea bipinnati includes one order Polemonio borealis-Tanacetetalia bipinnati Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun ord. nov. (with the same diagnostic species group as for the class) and two alliances. The alliance Oxytropido sordidae-Tanacetion bipinnati Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk ex Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun all. nov. is the holotypus of the order. Syn.: Oxytropido sordidae-Tanacetion bipinnati Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012 nom. inval. [art. 5a, ICPN]. Diagnostic species of the alliance are Aconogonon ochreatum, Androsace septentrionalis, Artemisia borealis, Antennaria villifera, Castilleja arctica, Cerastium arvense, Festuca ovina, F. rubra, Oxytropis sordida, Equisetum pratense, Solorina crocea . Holotypus of the Oxytropido sordidae-Tanacetion bipinnati all. nov. is the association Armerio maritimae-Polytrichetum alpini Ermokhina ass. nov. (described in this paper). The alliance range spreads throughout the sub-Arctic zone and the southern part of the Arctic zone in Western Siberia. The alliance community represents the advanced stages of the primary succession of vegetation on flat wind-eroded sandy surfaces or on well-drained slopes of hills and river or lake terraces. Herb species predominate, but sometimes dwarf-shrubs ( Salix nummularia, Arctous alpina, Dryas octopetala subsp. subincisa ) are abundant as well. Moss-lichen layer is poorly developed. The alliance includes 5 associations: Diantho repentis-Festucetum ovinae Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012, Cerastio maximi-Salicetum nummulariae Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012, Antennario lanatae-Arctoetum alpinae Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012, Armerio maritimae-Polytrichetum alpini Ermokhina ass. nov., Koelerio asiaticae-Salicetum nummulariae Dudov et Ivleva nov. prov.) and 1 subassociation ( A.l. - A.a. subass. lagotidoetosum minoris Telyatnikov et al. 2019). Ass. Armerio maritimae-Polytrichetum alpini Ermokhina ass. nov. (Table, rel. 1-10, Table, Column 4). Holotypus: releve nr. 4 in Table (Field releve nr. Ks_31). Diagnostic species: Armeria maritima, Artemisia borealis, Briocaulon divergens, Cetraria odontella, Polytrichastrum alpinum s.l., Rumex graminifolius, Stereocaulon paschale . The association is recorded in the typical tundra subzone of the Yamal Peninsula. They occupy flat eroded parts of sandy watersheds and gentle (5°) well-drained south-western slopes of small hills at altitudes of 16-67 m. The herb layer is well-developed (mean height is 10-20 cm and coverage is 35-80 %). The lower ground layer is formed by dwarf-shrubs (cover of up to 30 %), mosses (mean cover is of 10-30 %, sometimes up to 40 %) and lichens (mean cover is 15-35 %). The alliance Erigerono eriocephali-Artemision tilesii Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun all. nov. (described in this paper). Diagnostic species: Arnica iljinii, Artemisia tilesii, Astragalus umbellatus, Erigeron eriocephalus, Festuca viviparoidea, Pedicularis verticilla, Saxifraga tenuis, Taraxacum macilentum, Tephroseris heterophylla . Communities of the alliance occur in tundra zone of the western part of the Taimyr and Gydan Peninsulas. They occupy the well-insolated eroded habitats with shallow snow cover. Grounds are loamy to sandy-loamy with moderate drainage. The herb layer is well-developed whereas cover of moss-lichen layer is much lower. Holotypus of the alliance is the association Pedicularido verticillatae-Astragaletum arctici Zanokha 1993 (Zanokha, 1993, p. 112). Diagnostic species of the association are Astragalus alpinus subsp. arcticus, Erigeron eriocephalus, Festuca vivipara, Pedicularis verticillata, Hedysarum hedysaroides, Potentilla stipularis, Arnica iljinii, Silene paucifolia, Bistorta major s.l. The association was described by L. Zanokha (1993) in tundra zone of the western part of the Taimyr Peninsula (the mouth of the Uboinaya River). The community occurs on steep (40-45°) southern slopes with sandy-loamy or loamy soil (pH is close to neutral). The coverage of herbaceous layer is 70-100 %. The moss-lichen layer is not developted. The subass. P.v.-A.s. typicum (Tabl. 1, column 8, 9) is represented by three subzonal variants (vicariants): typicum, campanulosum rotundifoliae and potentillosum hyparcticae (Zanokha, 1993). The diagnostic species of the subass. P.v.-A.a. trisetosum litoralis Telyatnikov et al. 2019 (Tabl. 1, column. 7) are Bistorta elliptica, Draba hirta, Oxyria digyna, Trisetum sibiricum subsp. litorale . This community was described from the northern part of the typical tundra subzone in the Gydansky Peninsula. It occupies steep well drained south-facing slopes of hills.
Eugene K. Sinkovsky1, Eugene G. Zibzeev1
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: class Mulgedio-Aconitetea, syntaxonomy, subalpine meadows, Kurai Ridge, South-Eastern Altai
The composition, structure, ecological features and distribution of polydominant subalpine meadows of the Kurai Ridge were analyzed. In the system of ecological-floristic classification they are described as new association Anemonastro narcissiflori-Stemmacanthemum cartamoidis and three subassociations: typicum, aconitoetosum septentrionalis and aquilegietosum glandulosae . Syntaxa belong to the alliance Aconito pascoi-Geranion albiflori , the order Trollio-Crepidetalia sibiricae , and the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea . The comparative analysis showed the originality of the new association, which is due to the unique combination of meadow-forest, alpine-meadow and mountain-tundra species (Table 3). Ass. Anemonastro narcissiflori-Stemmacanthemum cartamoidis ass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 1-41) represents polydominant subalpine meadows dominated by tall grasses species and high-mountain species. The association is widespread in the western part of the Kurai Ridge (Fig. 1) at an altitude of 2300-2550 m. Subalpine meadows are found on covered with crushed stone, warm, well-moisturized and wind-protected parts of slopes, as well as along stream valleys, in negative microrelief forms, in places of increased snow accumulation. Diagnostic species (D. s.): Aconitum altaicum , Allium schoenoprasum , Anemonastrum narcissiflorum , Carex stenocarpa , Draba sibirica , Erigeron eriocalyx , Erythronium sibiricum , Gastrolychnis tristis , Poa alpina , Potentilla gelida , Rhodiola rosea , Sajanella monstrosa , Seseli condensatum . Subass. A.n. - S.c. typicum subass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 1-17) represents densely clustered mesophytic subalpine meadows dominated by Anthoxanthum alpinum , Bupleurum aureum , Dracocephalum grandiflorum , Geranium albiflorum , Ranunculus grandifolius . These communities occupy gentle slopes of eastern and southeastern exposures at an altitude of 2400-2550 meters. D. s.: Bistorta vivipara , Luzula sibirica , Macropodium nivale , Pedicularis anthemifolia , Pulsatilla patens , Taraxacum officinale , Tephroseris praticola , Thalictrum alpinum . Subass. A.n.-S.c. aconitoetosum septentrionalis subass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 18-27) represents xerophyte subalpine meadows dominated by Bupleurum aureum and Stemmacantha carthamoides . The floristic composition of the communities is based on species of montane distribution. The ecological optimum of such communities is in the altitude range of 2350-2450 m. The slopes are stony, dry and well-warmed, with southeastern exposure. D. s.: Aconitum septentrionale , Alopecurus pratensis , Crepis lyrata , Gentiana septemfida , Thalictrum minus . Subass. A.n. - S.c. aquilegietosum glandulosae subass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 28-41) unites communities of overwatered habitats. Subassociation is an ecotone between subalpine and alpine meadows. The floristic composition of the communities is based on species of alpine distribution, and a group of petrophytic species is also well represented. D. s.: Aquilegia glandulosa , Eritrichium villosum , Pedicularis verticillata , Primula algida , Saussurea frolowii .
Lubov A. Medvedeva1
Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
Keywords: Eunotia zygodon, diatoms, area, Far East, Russia
Previously, the species Eunotia zygodon Ehrenberg was known in Russia only from the Vladimir Region (near Murom). For the first time in the Russian Far East, the species was found in the reservoirs of the Bastak Nature Reserve in the Jewish Autonomous Region. Later, the species and its variety var. elongata Hustedt ex Simonsen were also indicated for other reservoirs of this reserve, as well as for neighboring areas: Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Region. Based on the original data and literary information, a diagnosis of the species was made, the variability of its valve shape was shown, and its full area was identified. The species is most widely distributed in the countries of the southern hemisphere. With analyzing the original data and comparing it with materials from tropical Africa, we came to the conclusion that the previously indicated variety E. zygodon var. elongata should be attributed to the typical form. Thus, indicating this variety for the territory of the southern Far East should be considered erroneous.
Natalya V. Zolotareva1, Andrey Yu. Korolyuk2 1Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia 2Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: floristic records, rare species of plants, protected species of plants, Chelyabinsk Region, Southern Urals
The article contains information about the new localities of 23 vascular plant species in the Southern Urals (Chelyabinsk Region), obtained as a result of expeditionary research in the period 2018-2024. One species ( Limonium sareptanum (A. Beck.) Gams.) is reported as new for the regional flora. Protected plants are represented by 13 species from “Red Book of the Chelyabinsk Region”, current data on their distribution are important for the preparation of the next edition of the regional Red Book. The ten species have a small number of localities and are rare in the Chelyabinsk region. Most of the identified localities supplement the information about the species distribution at the border of the range: 15 species are located at the northern limit ( Anabasis cretacea Pall. , Asparagus inderiensis Blume ex Ledeb. , Astragalus brachylobus Fisch. ex DC. , A. varius S.G. Gmel. , Atriplex cana Ledeb. , Dianthus leptopetalus Willd. , Galium tomentellum Klok. , Iris glaucescens Bunge. , Limonium sareptanum (A. Beck.) Gams. , Pedicularis physocalyx Bunge. , Polycnemum arvense L. , Psammophiliella stepposa (Klok.) Ikonn. , Psathyrostachys hyalantha (Rupr.) Tzvel. , Stipa korshinskyi Roshev. , Trinia muricata Godet.), 1 - at the western ( Allium nutans L.), 1 - at the eastern ( Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult.).
Nataliya K. Kovtonyuk1, Anastasiya A. Petruk1, Ekaterina A. Pinzhenina1, Irina V. Han1
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: herbarium collections, type specimens, L.I. Malyshev, flora of Siberia, Digital herbarium of CSBG SB RAS, NS, NSK
Leonid Ivanovich Malyshev (1931-2014) is one of the leading researchers of the Siberian flora, an outstanding specialist in the field of comparative floristics and florogenetics, the author, inspirer and editor-in-chief of the Flora of Siberia project. The entire career of L.I. Malyshev is connected with the study of the Siberian flora. The materials collected by Malyshev during numerous expeditions to hard-to-reach areas of Siberia and as part of international trips in Mongolia and the USA, systematically replenished herbarium collections. In 1977, Malyshev published a review article on electronic data processing in herbarium and floristic, which served as an impetus for the creation of digital herbaria. In 2017, 40 years after the publication of this article, a Digital Herbarium began to be created at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. By now, it contains over 113 thousand digitized images of herbarium sheets with the full text of labels, of which more than 4.500 samples were collected personally by Malyshev or together with other collectors. The largest number of fees is represented from the territory of Russia, as well as Mongolia, the USA, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Tajikistan. The Digital Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS contains 179 herbarium type specimens used by Malyshev in describing 43 new taxa of vascular plants. In this publication, we would like to dwell on the scientific heritage of Malyshev, his contribution to herbarium work, thanks to which the Digital Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS was developed.
