F.I. Zhimulev, A.V. Kotlyarov, M.A. Fidler, N.A. Bekhterev
V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Ophiolites, Altai-Sayan orogen, melanges, olistostromes, subduction, accretionary prism, flysch, oceanic islands, subduction.
The Alambay melange zone (AMZ) is located in the interior of the Early Paleozoic Salair orogeny (Northern part CAOB) and represent the northern extension of the Alambay-Kaim zone, Salair and the Altai Mountains. In paleotectonic terms, Salair is a part of the Kuznetsk-Altai paleo-island arc system. AMZ ophiolites are characterized by the absence of igneous rocks with the geochemical characteristics of MORB, as well as large allochthonous nappes composed of the undisturbed oceanic plate stratigraphy units. Melange complexes play an important role in the geological structure of the AMZ. Two types of melanges, serpentine and clastic, are distinguished in the AMZ. The both types of melanges contain blocks of microquartzites, basalts, limestones; also in clastic mélange a block of garnet amphibolites is found, and in serpentine melange there are blocks of gabbro. Gabbro and garnet amphibolites from AMZ melanges can be classified as island arc rocks based on their geochemical features. Chromite from serpentinized hyperbasites of the zone has an increased content of chromium and magnesium, which is also typical for chromite from suprasubduction hyperbasites. Melange basalts are characterized by high titanium and niobium contents and belong to the OIB type. There are two morphological types of the clastic melanges. The first type is characterized by the predominance of inclusions over the matrix, and the dominance of OIB basalts and limestones in the composition of the inclusions. The second type is characterized by a predominance of matrix over inclusions, and the main type of inclusions are microquartzites (metacherts). To explain the origin of AMZ melanges, the OPS melange model can be used [Wakita, 2015]. This model describes the relations between subduction melanges composition and the position of the decolement, separating subducting plate from the accretionary prism. Within this model, the first type of terrigenous subduction melange is the limestone-basalt type (ls-bs), which is the result of seamount subduction, and the second type corresponds to the sandstone-siliceous type (ss-ch). Formation of sandstone-siliceous melange corresponds to the position of the decolement along the base sedimentary layer of the subducting plate. Subduction melange formed later than 500 million years and earlier than the accumulation of the flysch Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician Green-Violet Group, which allows to estimate the age of the AMZ melange to the Late Cambrian. Wide distribution island-arc rocks as inclusion in the composition of serpentinite and clastic subduction mélanges suggests that the Cambrian subduction zone was characterized by a tectonic erosion regime, in which material from the subduction hanging wall was carried into the subduction zone. The separation faults, along which material was exhumed from subduction channel into the accretionary wedge, were located along the base of the oceanic sediment layer, at the base of the seamounts, and inside the hanging wall of the subduction zone as well.
We present new data on high-barium phlogopites, first discovered in the kimberlite of the Malokuonapskaya pipe. The studied phlogopites can be divided into two groups: 1 – megacrysts up to 2 mm in size with a BaO content of up to 0.58 wt.%, characterized by an increase in the content of this component from the center to the edge (having direct zoning by BaO), and the 2nd group – zonal crystals up to 200 µm in size, containing minerals of the bulk mass of kimberlite, with a BaO concentration of up to 14.6 wt% in the central parts, regularly decreasing to 1 wt% towards the edges of the crystals. The formation of these two generations of micas corresponds to different, unrelated processes. Crystallization of megacrysts took place at the earliest stages of the evolution of the kimberlite melt. A slight increase in Ba concentration from the centers to the edges of phenocrysts may be a consequence of the evolution of kimberlite melt with its enrichment in incompatible elements. Phlogopites of the second group were formed at a later stage, together with the minerals of the groundmass. High barium contents in these phlogopites are possible with a light elements enrichment of the kimberlite melt. The source of these elements could have been the refertilized lithosphere under the influence of the Siberian traps.
40Ar/39Ar dating of phlogopite showed an age of 232.1+2.6 million years.
Configuration of acoustic and magnetic fields, under which in borehole conditions lateral acoustic oscillations emerge in porous saturated medium, is examined. Alternating magnetic field under condition of electroacoustic conversion produces measurable acoustic response at the interface of two media. The character of dependency between amplitude of media interface surface oscillations and medium parameters is described. Possibility of simultaneous measurement of three kinetic coefficients (conductivity, acoustoelectric parameter, permeability) is demonstrated.
1 V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia,
2 Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
3 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
4 Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, Russia
5 Synchrotron Radiation Facility SKIF, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Koltsovo, Russia
6 Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: uranium adsorption, uranium oxides, groundwater purification, valent state.
Since apatite is capable to adsorb and retain radionuclides, the removal of uranyl (UO22+) ions from two Ca-containing technogenic and model solutions (1-2 g/L of Ca) was studied when neutralized with sodium hydrogen phosphate solution Na2HPO4. Chemical composition of the sediments was analyzed by XPS and their structure was refined by XRD. The hydroxyapatite formation was confirmed using both XPS and XRD. XRD proves that the two samples contained additional CaH(PO4)•(H2O)2
(brushite), in which calcium changes to uranium of up to 15% in a model solution. When identifying the oxidation state of uranium, the presence of U4+, U5+ и U6+ was noticed with U5+ of up to 30-35 at% from the total amount.
SEM-EDS images of the sediment phases did not allow to determine location of the phases with an uranium content over 18%, for example Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·11H2O (autunite) or other uranium phosphates. Uranium is detected at the grain rims, indicating a sorption nature of its accumulation. Thermodynamic computations showed the possible formation of independent uranium phases, such as ß-UO2.333, ß-UO2(OH)2 and NaUO2O(OH) (clarkeite), at the measured Eh-pH. The supersaturation of solutions and the spontaneous formation of hydroxyapatite and brushite solid particles lead to a change in the initial Ca/PO4 ratio, where the P/Ca and Ca/O ratios, as well as the
elemental composition in the near-surface layer of three sediments, are not
strictly constant. Newly formed phase contains isolations different in size,
deformation degree, presence of sorption surface groups, which is reflected in
the mechanism of uptake of uranium compounds. No similar study has been
performed with uranium, and our results demonstrate the need for further
studies on the influence of uranium on apatite crystallization. The stability
of phosphate phases shows the high reliability of phosphate safety barriers for
the uranium extraction facilities, and these processes can be used for
remediation areas of aquifers contaminated with radionuclides
1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Vendian, Cambrian, General Stratigraphic Scale of Russia, International Chronostratigraphic Chart, small skeletal fossils, trace fossils, chemostratigraphy, Siberian Platform
A recent revision of stratigraphic volume and age of the Upper Vendian Nemakit-Daldynian Stage has developed its integrated (bio- and chemostratigraphic) characteristic. This unit comprises the strata between the first appearance of undisputed anabaritids in the fossil record (ca. 539 Ma) and first Tommotian small skeletal fossils of Nochoroicyathus sunnaginicus Assemblage Zone of the Lower Cambrian (ca. 530 Ma). Together with typical assemblages of skeletal fauna, the Nemakit-Daldynian Stage records specific changes in trace fossil assemblages and carbonate carbon isotope composition. Following the formulated criteria, this contribution tests how complete the geological record of the Nemakit-Daldynian Stage is in its reference sections (western Anabar Uplift) and other regions of the Siberian Platform (eastern Anabar Uplift, Olenek Uplift, Kharaulakh Uplift, Uchur-Maya region, Batom Basin, Baikal region, Irkutsk and Biryusa Cis-Sayans uplifts, southern and northern Yenisei Ridge, Turukhansk Uplift, Igarka Uplift, central Siberian Platform).
The article summarizes new data on core and geophysical studies of wells of Famennian deposits in the Yugomashevskoe field located in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russian Federation). Structurally, the object under consideration belongs to the model of a rimmeded platform with its characteristic elements—organogenic structures and associated facies. The identified sedimentation cyclicity and secondary processes, combined with an analysis of changes in relative sea level, made it possible to identify the most common types of porosity confined to one or another part of the section and facies zonation. Transgressive and regressive parts of the cycles are characterized by their specific set of lithotypes and characteristic types of void space. It was revealed that the formation of void space was influenced by the duration and intensity of secondary processes: leaching, dolomitization, claying associated with the removal of rocks to the surface. In addition, the work substantiates the division of carbonate structures of the study area into three types, differing in position, morphology, as well as in the different manifestations of hupergene transformations, which is reflected in the differentiation of the types of void space of the rocks compose them and their potential in terms of reservoir properties.
N.A. Lykov1,2, Yu. V. Rostovtseva3, I.G. Zakiryanov4, A.V. Timokhin4, A.V. Dronov1, T.V. Gonta4, O.V. Postnikova2 1Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
2Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russia
3Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow, Russia
4Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: сalcified cyanobacteria, Ortonella, Garwoodia, Hedstroemia, bioherms, biostroms, pelecypod banks, Siberian platform, uppermost Middle Ordovician, сyanotoxins
In the Middle Ordovician (Late Darrivillian) deposits (Kirensk-Kudrinian Regional Stage) of the Moyero River section (Tunguska syneclise, Eastern Siberia), the remains of calcareous cyanobacteria of the genera Garwoodia Wood, 1941, Ortonella Garwood, 1914, and Hedstroemia
Rothpletz, 1913 (family Garwoodiaceae) were identified for the first time in thin sections. Previously, Ortonella and Garwoodia were recorded on the Siberian Platform only in Silurian deposits, which makes the discovery of representatives of these genera the earliest for that region. Ortonella
(center part) and Garwoodia (uppermost part) dominate in stromatoporoid-cyanobacterial bioherms, while Hedstroemia occupies a subordinate position. Only Ortonella was found in the biostromes and shelly interlayers of pelecypod banks. The study of the lithology of Kirensk-Kudrinian deposits allowed us to reconstruct a shallow lagoonal type sedimentation environment for the studied part of the section. Under these conditions despite the global increase in biodiversity during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), skeletal metazoan organisms failed to become the main framework of biostromes and bioherms. Their role was taken over by cyanobacterial communities resistant to the conditions of extreme shallow-water carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentation regime with terrigenous domination. The growth and subsequent bloom of the latter apparently provoked an increase in phosphorus content in the bottom sediments, which probably caused a local paleoecological crisis of the benthic fauna by the end of the Kirenian time in this part of the paleobasin. This is also confirmed by the depleted ostracod complex in the Moyero River section (in contrast to the same-age deposits of the Lena, Podkamennaya Tunguska, and Kulymbe River sections). The decrease in biodiversity of benthic fauna and, in particular, of skeletal metazoan reef-builders during microbial ‘blooms’ can be explained by the impact of cyanotoxins, which are destructive to marine life. The research demonstrates that even in the epochs of global biota rise, local conditions could limit the participation of skeletal metazoan organisms in the formation of reef ecosystems, preserving the dominance of microbe communities. This emphasizes the role of microbial communities as key agents of carbonate sedimentation during transitional periods of palaeoecological rearrangements and changes in sedimentation type.
V. M. Solovyev, A. S. Salnikov, V. S. Seleznev, T. V. Kashubina, N. A. Galyova, A.E. Shenmaier 1Altai‐Sayan Branch of Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Novosibirsk, Russia
2Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Seismological Branch of Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
4A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: deep seismic profile, longitudinal and transverse waves, P- and S-wave velocities and their ratios, deep seismic section, earth's crust, mineragenic zone
The article presents the results of deep seismic studies based on P- and C-wave data on the 500-kilometer Sikhote-Alin fragment of the 8-DV reference geophysical profile. Deep seismic sections of the upper crust (to a depth of 15-20 km) with the distribution of longitudinal and shear wave velocities were constructed. The P-wave velocity over most of the Middle Amur Basin and the East Sikhote-Alin volcano-plutonic belt varies from 4-5 km/s in the uppermost part of the section to 5.8-6.3 km/s at depths of 7-15 km. The Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt in the section along the profile is represented by an anticlinal structure with high-velocity (up to 5.5-5.8 km/s) rocks uplifted in the central part; At great depths of 10-20 km within its limits, the P-wave velocity values were 6.1-6.3 km/s. In the upper part of the section, the S-wave velocity value within the profile as a whole is 2.7–2.9 km/s; reduced values (2.6–2.8 km/s) are observed in the central and eastern parts of the Middle Amur Depression and the eastern section of the East Sikhote-Alin volcano-plutonic belt, increased velocity values up to 3.35 km/s are observed in the central part of the Sikhote-Alin orogenic complex. At depths of 5–15 km within the section, the S-wave velocity increases to 3.4–3.65 km/s. The same behavior of the upper part of the earth's crust to a depth of 15–20 km was established by the values of P- and S-wave velocities, their ratio, and Poisson's ratio. The analysis of the relationship between the identified anomalies and the location of large mineragenic zones of the Amur region was carried out in the profile section. The previously established correspondences on the 2-DV, 3-DV, 1-SB and Vostochno-Stan fragment profile 8-DV on the confinement of ore deposit series to zones of low P- and S-Stan velocity ratios and Poisson's ratio in the upper part of the earth's crust were confirmed. The relationship between the identified surface seismic anomalies and deep (at depths of 5–20 km) roots (intermediate magmatic foci), which can be considered ore-supplying, was substantiated..
The analysis of the efficiency of turbulent boundary-layer control on low-speed airfoils using mass transfer through a permeable wall is presented. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the physical properties of the wall flow in the presence of positive (from the wall) and negative (to the wall) mass transfer and the aero-dynamic characteristics of airfoils under conditions of distributed or localized action of mass transfer of varying intensity on the boundary layer.
Interaction of an external artificial disturbance with a blunted leading edge of a swept wing is studied under the conditions of a model experiment. Specific features of disturbances of a three-dimensional boundary layer arising due to significant bluntness of the leading edge and transverse flow are identified. It is shown that localized disturbances generated in the incident flow interact with the boundary layer on the swept wing and generate unsteady streaky structures; high-frequency wave packets are formed near these streaky structures. The dynamics of the development of wave packets and localized streaky structures in a three-dimensional boundary layer in a gradient flow is quantified.
O.V. Vitovsky, M.S. Makarov, K.S. Lebeda, V.S. Naumkin
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: helium-xenon mixture, heat transfer, rod assembly, temperature distribution, Nusselt number
The experimental results on heat transfer in the gas coolant flow in a space formed by a dense packing of seven heated tubes are presented. Eight separating inserts with longitudinal displacers were used to fix the tubes and ensure a uniform gas flow field in the internal and external channels of the tube bundle. Gas mixtures with a large difference in the Prandtl number were used as the working fluid: air (Pr = 0.7) and helium-xenon mixture (Pr = 0.23). The experiments were carried out in the range of Reynolds numbers of 2218 - 12900.
The experimental data on the effect of a pair of weak shock waves on the flow in the boundary layer of swept plates with initial angles χ = 35° and 40° at Mach number M = 2 are presented. The incident flow was disturbed using a weak shock wave (SW) generator made in the form of a two-dimensional sticker on the side wall or on the nozzle surface in the test section of the wind tunnel. For the latter case, shadow visualization of the flow past the models was carried out and the inclination angles of the weak SWs were determined. Measurements with a constant temperature hot-wire anemometer allowed us to record for the first time the effect of a weak SW from the leading edge of the sticker on the flow in the boundary layer of a flat plate with large sweep angles of the leading edge. On the model with χ = 35°, in the vicinity of the maximum effect of a pair of weak SWs, the flow characteristics were measured with a continuous change in the rotation angle of the model. The measurement results suggest that the sweep angle χ = 48° is the critical sweep angle of the blunt leading edge, at which longitudinal vortices are not generated in the boundary layer by a “co-directional or overtaking” weak shock wave. The conclusions of previous studies that with an increase in the sweep angle along the leading edge, there is a decrease in the intensity of the effect of weak shock waves on the flow in the boundary layer, and that flow turbulization occurs for a model sweep angle of 50°, have been confirmed.
D.Yu. Davydovich
Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Keywords: thermal destruction, aerodynamic fragmentation, separable elements of launch vehicles
The experimental results on thermal destruction processes during pyrolysis and the degree of fragmentation caused by pulsed aerodynamic impact on a demonstration sample (DS) simulating a separable structural element of the Soyuz-2 launch vehicle at the launch site have been obtained. A polymer based on aramid fibers and epoxy binder is used as the structural material of the DS. The process of pyrolysis and subsequent thermal destruction occur due to heating the DS with an electric heater. A pulsed aerodynamic impact takes place in a vacuum chamber due to a gas-dynamic blow of compressed air with an assessment of the fragmentation degree. An experimental program and a corresponding test rig with the metrological support have been developed. Based on the obtained results, a further direction of research on thermal destruction and aerodynamic fragmentation of DS has been mapped out.
I.I. Mazhul
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: supersonic flow, three-dimensional confusors, flow pattern, integral characteristics
The flow pattern and integral flow parameters in confusors implementing different methods of a supersonic flow compression are numerically investigated.. Model configurations are considered, consisting of a tapering inlet section and a constant cross-section, in which different types of flows take place: two-dimensional, axisymmetric or three-dimensional flow. The flow is completely turbulent and computations are based on Navier-Stokes equations and the k-ω SST turbulence model. The flow in the confusor is assumed to be supersonic everywhere, the range of free-stream Mach numbers is МH = 2 - 4.5.
P.D. Lobanov, A.I. Svetonosov, M.P. Tokarev
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: experiment, liquid metal, fuel assembly, temperature
The paper presents the experimental results on the distribution of the outer wall and coolant temperatures in a simplified model of the peripheral region of a fuel assembly (FA) consisting of two parallel cells. The experimental setup was equipped with three fuel element simulators with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 500 mm. The power of each fuel element simulator was up to 2000 W (4 kW/m). During operation, the fuel elements were connected to the power source in turn, which allowed determination of the features of temperature distribution in the model with non-uniform energy release. A movable thermocouple and an IR camera were used for measurements. The data obtained for a water coolant and a lead-bismuth alloy are compared. It is shown that the main patterns of temperature distribution are generally similar for different coolants.
N.P. Adamov, E.A. Chasovnikov
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: cone, self-induced oscillation, oscillation amplitude, pitching moment coefficient, equivalent coefficient of pitch damping
The processing of experimental dependences for pitching vs. time curve for free oscillations of a cone with the attached hemisphere rear part gives the pitching moment coefficients, equivalent coefficients for pitch damping, spectral coefficients for pitching angle and pitching moment coefficient for self-induced oscillations flow mode. It was shown that a dependency of pitch damping vs. oscillation amplitude presents a hyperbolic behavior. The frequency spectrum for pitching and pitching moment coefficient demonstrates a domination of one frequency. There is no hysteresis in a dependency of the pitching moment on the attack angle for self-induced oscillations.
O.S. Dutova, A.B. Meshalkin
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: viscosity, density, temperature, pressure, gas, liquid, neon
A low-parameter equation has been obtained to describe the viscosity coefficient of liquid and gaseous neon at temperatures from 24.6 to 700 K and pressures from 0.044 to 50 MPa. This equation allows data obtaining within the experimental error. It is shown that this equation, proposed for calculating the viscosity coefficient of liquid and gas, allows reliable extrapolation beyond the studied area.
The paper presents characteristics of coherent structures that develop in the shock wave / boundary layer interaction zone. Experiments were performed on a flat plate for two options on the free flow: laminar and turbulent flow modes. The shock wave was generated by a wedge-type body placed ahead the plate. The data are obtained from hot-wire velocimetry technique. Flow structures in a boundary layer were studied using the coherence spectral analysis. It was demonstrated that the transversal size of coherent patterns varies insignificantly in the interaction zone between shock waves and boundary layer.
A system of multipoint diagnostics for pressure pulsations was used in experiments. The data is compared with the results of high-speed flow visualization for the case of a cloud cavitation flow past a smooth hydrofoil in a slit channel. It was shown that the shock mechanism is significant for development of the attached cavity. The main mechanism for detachment and shedding of a cavity is a re-entrant flow.
M.A. Yadrenkin, Yu.V. Gromyko
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: pulsed arc discharge, magnetic field, wall flow structure, particle image velocimetry, PIV tomography
The spatial evolution of the flow structure formed by the movement of a submillimeter pulsed arc discharge in a magnetic field near a flat dielectric surface was studied in detail using optical methods (Schlieren method and PIV tomography). Due to good controllability of the dynamic and electrical characteristics of the discharge with high precision synchronization of the equipment, a high degree of detail of the flow pattern on small scales was achieved. The formation of a transversely located toroidal vortex propagating in the direction of the generated electromagnetic force is shown. The formation of a secondary flow in the tail of the jet was detected, which can be explained by the ejection of the surrounding gas into the region of reduced density.
The efficiency of a regenerative heat exchanger with an intermediate coolant and drop irrigation under winter operating conditions has been experimentally studied. It was found that the temperature efficiency of the heating and cooling columns increased with an increase in the packing irrigation density from 0.11 to 0.20 kg/(m2·s). The maximum temperature efficiency of 71 % for the heating column was obtained at an irrigation density of 0.21 kg/(m2·s). In the cooling column of the heat exchanger, the air flow from the room was cooled, and moisture was condensed there. In the heating column of the heat exchanger, the opposite process of intense evaporation of moisture and humidification of the air flow entering the room was observed. The maximum humidity efficiency of the heating column was about 80% at a packing irrigation density of 0.17- 0.25 kg/(m2·s).
A device that allows obtaining a highly rarefied flow of microdroplets for their subsequent use in various fields of technology or scientific research is considered. The created setup allows microdroplet obtaining in a periodic mode. The oscillation period is about 30 seconds. With the help of gas flow pulsations, relatively small drops are filtered, which gives a more uniform droplet size distribution.
A modeling study was performed for excitation of streamwise structures in a boundary layer with combustion. Modeling for undisturbed flow in a boundary layer is based on locally self-similar solutions for a boundary layer flow; these solutions account for streamwise pressure gradients and a heat source in the boundary layer with combustion that comply to simulated data. This undisturbed flow solution is a basis for solving a problem of interacting the external vorticity with a boundary layer (for the case of hydrogen-air combustion). We demonstrated that this type of interaction with the boundary layer generates intensive streamwise structure with velocity inhomogeneity in the lateral direction. These structures have the level of velocity higher than for the external vorticity velocity by factor of tens. Meanwhile, a maximum value of temperature inhomogeneity is much higher than for the velocity maldistribution.
Experiments were performed on formation of phase interface for a case of distilled water boiling on cylindrical surfaces with the diameter of 1 and 3 mm. During the experiment, a bubble boiling regime was ensured, these bubbles are detected with the high-speed PSV (Particle Shadow Velocimetry) technique with 8000 f.p.s. rate. Data processing provides for bubble size distribution and defines the mean separation diameter and the bubble growth rate as a function of heat flux. The effect of the boiling surface curvature on boiling characteristics was evaluated.
A.O. Karkhov1,2, A.E. Gorelikova1,2, M.A. Vorobiev1,2 1Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: inclined tube, bubbles, coalescence, surfactant
The experimental study was performed on the influence of surfactants on the bubble size distribution for a bubbly flow in an inclined tube. Measurements were performed for a round tube with the inner diameter of 32 mm at the gas flow rate 3.3, 5, and 8 ml/min and the tube inclination angles 30 - 60°. Diameters of gas bubbles and mean diameters were measured from the shadow images of bubbly flow. These parameters were recorded as a function of the tube inclination angle and the distance from gas injection site and the measuring zone. Adding of surfactants reduces the bubble detachment diameter and suppresses bubble coalescence.
A.D. Nikitin1, N.A. Abaimov1, M.I. Ershov1, V.G. Tuponogov1, L.V. Simbiryatin2, A.F. Ryzhkov1, S.V. Alekseenko1,3 1Laboratory of New Energy Technologies, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia 2“Promyshlennyi Perlit” plc, Ekaterinburg, Russia 3Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: biomass, syngas, air-blown gasification, entrained-flow setup, experiment
The paper presents results of experiments on low-temperature entrained-flow gasification of raw biomass with a broad fractional composition in a pilot setup under atmospheric pressure with a diverging duct and upflow. Here the fuel source is a wet pine-tree sawdust with the mean size 0.25 - 0.50 mm and the maximum size of 5 - 6 mm. The gasifier parameters: air flow rate is 8-15 m3/h, solid fuel rate is in the range 7.3-19.5 kg/h. Тhe produced syngas has the heating value is the range 2.47-5.58 MJ/m3 and this fits the technical requirements for fuel gases used in internal combustion engines and in gas turbine plants.
L.S. Yanovskiy1,2,3, I.N. Borovik1, K.V. Tyulkov1, A.P. Bindiman1, R.Ya. Mukambetov1, S.G. Rebrov4 1Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia 2Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medical Chemistry RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia 3Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 4State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation “Keldysh Research Center”, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: electric arc plasmatron, methane, pyrolysis products
A mathematic model developed for describing the methane pyrolisis processes in a low-size plasmatron setup. Calculations are compared with experimental results on pyrolisis products composition. The factors promoting the yield of useful products are estimated. If the exit reactor temperature is increased to 1500 -2000 K, this reduces the ethylene yield and increases the soot content with a minor increase in the hydrogen yield.
D.A. Samoshkin, S.V. Stankus
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: YSZ, specific heat capacity, differential scanning calorimetry
Method of differential scanning calorimetry was applied for measuring the specific isobaric heat capacity of yttria fully stabilized zirconia (15 wt. %), which is widely used in production of high-temperature structural cera-mics. New reliable experimental results were obtained on the specific heat capacity in the temperature range of 300 -1270 K of a solid state with the uncertainty of 2 - 4 %. A table of reference data for specific heat capacity of the ceramics is presented. The experimental data are compared with available reference data. The study found that for a wide range of temperature and Y2O3 concentration, the heat capacity of YSZ solid ceramics can be accurately evaluated using the Neumann-Kopp rule and also by the average atomic weight of the compound.
G. I. Petrova, B. V. May
National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: philosophy of education, philosophical anthropology, commercialization of education, education as a way of being, education as a service, educational knowledge
Introduction. In the context of education modern transformations as a social institution, it is both urgent and important to preserve its authentic essence, especially: its originally philosophical vision as a way of human existence. The article`s methodological platform is philosophical anthropology, which allows us to reveal the ontological nature of education. The specificity of man lies in his reflective openness to the world, which determines his cognitive intention and provides an objective possibility for “growing” (J. Dewey) into the world, i.e., educating oneself from it. The article`s purpose is to substantiate the impossibility of commercializing education if we view it in an ontological perspective, that is, as a way of human being. Discussion. Thanks to the gift of reflexive consciousness, man finds himself in the world through knowledge and, consequently, through constant becoming-education. The social institution of education and pedagogy as a science are created to assist man in realizing his mode of being in specific existences (in a particular historical period, within cultural stages of development, national identity, etc.). Therefore, the ontological specificity of education is the process of man’s continuous self-formation, his self-education. This is the authenticity of both man and education. In revealing its authenticity through education, philosophy since ancient Greece has seen happiness (eudemonia) as central to human life. The philosophical definition of education resonates in pedagogy and justifies the necessary unity of philosophical and pedagogical anthropologies. In the case of this unity, pedagogy is viewed as a humanitarian rather than engineering science (firstly). Secondly, a person in education (self-education as their authenticity) cannot be considered as a subject of commercialization. Conclusion. Since education, having an ontological nature, is also a social institution, its commercialization becomes a fact that violates its authenticity.
N. F. Svoboda, O. B. Vorobyeva
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Volga State Transport University, Samara, Russia
Keywords: fiction, reflection, imagination, creativity in learning, philosophical education, interdisciplinary approach in education, philosophical methodology
Introduction. Conceptual and figurative thinking is, first of all, the development of fantasy and imagination, which is relevant in view of professional (engineering) orientation in higher education institution. The problematic nature of the task of its formation is analyzed from the philosophical methodology position, which allows students to master the techniques, rules of thinking activity, artistic language in educational and creative work. The circle of questions related to the problem solution is built on the experience of philosophical education in a technical university. Methodology. The object of the study is the artistic and figurative typological correspondences between the philosophical worldview and fiction. The analysis is carried out on the principle of systematicity, which allows us to explain the commonality of semantic definition of universal problems of being. Discussion. Philosophical education in a technical university is important in the aspect of the formation problem of a special type of thinking, limited to artistic, scientific and philosophical cognition: translation of abstract concepts into images, or a combination of both. Typological correspondences between philosophy and fiction make it possible to synthesize figurative thinking and abstract thinking, determining the learning style. Conclusion. In the models of practical training a significant place is given to the student’s independent work both in the traditional form (abstract, essay) and innovative (a letter to the thinker and co-creation with the author of the text). The solution of this issue is in three aspects: improvement of technique and methods of performance; modification of creativity types; modeling of the situation of reflection work (collective discussion of the results of work with small art forms). Philosophical reflections, innovative ideas, play of the mind, construction of pure thought, formation of intellectual capital can become self-valuable when using any genres of literature in a certain effective performance, giving new properties to the training session, the organization of educational activity.
B.-Ts.B. NAMZALOV1,2, S.V. ZHIGZHITZHAPOVA3, T.E. RANDALOVA1, S.Z. PRELOVSKAYA1, M.B.-Ts. NAMZALOV1 1Banzarov Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude, Russia 2Buryat Research Institute of Agriculture - division of the Siberian Federal Research Centrе of Agro-ВioTechnologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia 3Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Keywords: grass forests of Buryatia, pine forests, larch forests, forest wormwoods, essential oils, medicinal plants
The forests of southern Buryatia are mainly represented by communities of the formations of grass light coniferous pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L. ) and forb-grass larch forests (Larix sibirica Ledeb. ), the grass stand composition of which is characterized by wormwoods known as medicinal. In the forest communities of southern Priselenginskaya Buryatia, 14 species of wormwood have been identified; they are rich in essential oils and other biologically active substances (BAS). It has been established that wormwoods were widely used by the aboriginal ethnic groups of Siberia - Evenks, Soyots, Buryats - in religious ceremonies, and as fodder, spicy-aromatic and medicinal plants. It has been determined that, depending on the ecological characteristics of the species, their assignment to forest types (associations) may be different; the occurrence of xerophytic wormwoods will be high in pine forests, in contrast to more humid mesophytic and xeromesophytic species, which are predominantly characteristic of larch forest communities (Artemisia latifolia Ledeb., A. tanacetifolia Bieb. ). For example, of the variety of wormwoods of the subgenus of true or typical wormwoods (subgenus Artemisia L. ), the most widespread is Gmelin’s wormwood (Artemisia gmelinii Weber ex Stechm. ), characteristic not only of forb pine forest communities (spiraea-forb and sedge-forb), but also of larch forest cenoses (steppe-forb and spiraea forb-reed grass). Many species of wormwood were widely used in folk and traditional medicine - Arabic, Tibetan, Mongolian and others. It is known that these plants produce flavonoids, coumarins, and carotenoids. It has been established that they are extremely rich in essential oils, and the predominant components include camphene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, gamma-terpinene, and borneol. Their diversity is indicated by the oil components in the Buryat populations of Artemisia sericea (Artemisia sericea Weber ex Stechm. ), where a high percentage of the following compounds is noted: 1,8-cineole, camphor, bornyl acetate and germacren D. Wormwood has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Further phytochemical studies of wormwood are needed to identify valuable plant species in terms of metabolites richness; they are an important resource in the search for new medicinal plants.
A.A. SHCHETNIKOV1,2, E.V. BEZRUKOVA2 1Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 2A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: lacustrine sediments, palynology, environmental records, Holocene, climate change
The article presents the results of a comprehensive geomorphological and paleogeographic study of the central part of the Oka Plateau (Eastern Sayan). The relief structure of the region is characterized in detail. A special place in it is occupied by elements of the paleohydronetwork - basins of drained moraine-dammed reservoirs and abandoned fragments of valleys, including tiered ones. A comprehensive record was obtained from the bottom sediments of Lake Sagan-Nur, which made it possible to reconstruct a consistent picture of changes in the natural environment in the lake basin in the Holocene. It is shown that in the period of about 8600-7100 years ago the lake was fed by glaciers, large flood events occurred in its basin, the water level in the lake was higher than today, and it was probably connected to a moraine-dammed paleo-reservoir, traces of which are recorded in the estuary part of the Aynak River valley. Later, about 7100-5500 years ago, a sharp drop in the rate of lacustrine sedimentation and a gradual attenuation of the relative amplitude of flood events occurred. After 5500 years ago, the warming of the regional climate, especially in winter, and the disappearance of the “remnants” of the late Pleistocene glaciers caused a gradual expansion of dry areas at lower hypsometric levels favorable for the regional development of pine forests and the rise of the upper boundary of pine on the slopes. At the end of this time interval, the last restructuring of the local hydrographic network occurred and the modern river system was finally formed. Reconstructions for the period of the last 5500 years show a much calmer hydrological regime and sedimentation pattern. Palynological indices also suggest a warming of the regional climate and a decrease in soil moisture, which took place following a change in the influx of solar radiation in the temperate latitudes of the Northern hemisphere.
V.I. VORONIN, A.P. GRITSENYUK, A.P. SIZYKH, V.A. OSKOLKOV
Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: Northwestern and Southwestern Transbaikalia, forests, burnt sites, restoration, secondary forests
The article presents data from the long-term studies of the direction of forest formation on the burnt sites of different territorial (and topological) allocation in some areas of the Baikal region. Current trends in the initial stages of forest coenoses formation, and their structure on burnt sites of different years and intensity are shown. It is noted that secondary forests consisting of small-leaved tree species, represented by their sparse undergrowth and clump young growth, are developing on the site of burnt primary coniferous taiga. Tree species are often represented by single specimens on the sites of complete destruction of edaphic conditions - underlays and upper soil horizon on mountain slopes of different orography. It has been established that on the sites of catastrophic burning (in the central part and northern regions of Western Transbaikalia) with completely burnt forest stand and underwood, including the upper soil horizon, no plant species have been found for several years. At the same time, further degradation of the edaphic conditions of habitats occurs here. Under such conditions, the development of undergrowth of coniferous (forest-forming) species is extremely limited, and formation of forest coenoses will require many decades. On the burnt sites of light coniferous forests in the southwestern parts of Transbaikalia, with partial preservation of individual trees of forest-forming species, the initial stage of formation of a canopy of small-leaved tree species, sometimes with the participation of conifers, has been noted, which indicates satisfactory conditions for primary taiga formation in a rather short time period. Activities on artificial and combined forest restoration in all the considered areas of Western Transbaikalia will contribute to a more rapid restoration of forests if new fires are excluded.
T.I. GERASIMENKO1, E.B. BOLKHOSOEVA2, M.A. KOTOMINA1 1Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2Banzarov Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Keywords: ethnocontact zone, ethnic mosaic index, tolerance, intercultural communication, borrowings, transformation
The article considers the ethnocontact zones (ECZ) of Buryatia, by which the authors understand a type of ethnocultural regions and chorological objects consisting of intersecting, overlapping or adjacent ethnic areas and ethnic boundaries. Buryatia is presented as a key region - a republic with a mosaic, diverse and tolerant population, which is a multicultural complexly organized ethnocultural region, a system of ethnocontact zones of different hierarchical levels. At the same time, Buryatia is a part of a larger ethnocontact zone. Statistical, cartographic, expeditionary, sociological and other methods were used. The municipalities of Buryatia were grouped by ethnic composition and ethnic mosaic index, and calculations were carried out for nine key ECZ of rural settlements. An attempt was made to identify the specifics of the territorial structure of the ethnocontact zone, its place in the classification, historical and geographical features and factors of formation and transformation of the ECZ at different historical and geographical stages. The main factors identified are positional (including the border position), landscape, political and administrative factors, the nature of interethnic and intercivilizational interaction, models of territory development and forms of interethnic interaction. Schematic maps characterizing the ECZ of municipalities were made. The study of ethnocontact zones also has practical significance in addition to scientific one. It can be used by governing bodies to implement regional policies at different levels. The materials can also be used in the educational process and activities and in planning tourism development.
T.M. KOMAROVA, E.V. STELMAKH, S.A. SOLOVCHENKOV
Institute for Complex Analysis of Regional Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Birobidzhan, Russia
Keywords: rational nutrition, consumption rates, nutrition typing, per capita income, regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, food production
The territory of the Far Eastern Federal District has a variety of natural and climatic conditions that affect the consumption of certain types of food. It is noted that the regions of the district are characterized by a high share of costs (up to 35 %) for the purchase of food. The article considers the structure of consumption of basic foodstuffs in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District in 2016 and 2021. Based on the analysis of the share of consumption of basic foodstuffs from the standard ones, the regions have been classified by type of consumption: regions with rational nutrition, regions with relatively rational nutrition, regions with poorly rational nutrition, and regions with an irrational type of nutrition. It has been revealed that there are no regions with rational nutrition in the Far Eastern Federal District. The analysis showed that in 2016, more than half of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District belonged to type 1 (regions with relatively rational nutrition), namely: the Republic of Buryatia, Primorsky, Khabarovsk, Kamchatka and Zabaykalsky krais, and Amur and Sakhalin oblasts; type 2 (regions with poorly rational nutrition) included the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and Magadan and Jewish autonomous oblasts, and type 3 (regions with irrational nutrition) - Chukotka autonomous okrug. It has been established that in 2021, the number of regions with relatively rational nutrition of the population (type 1) decreased compared to 2016, the Republic of Buryatia and Sakhalin oblast left their number, while Jewish autonomous oblast moved to type 1. Chukotka autonomous okrug remained in type 3. It has been determined that the growth of per capita income in the regions does not lead to a reduction in the share of food costs, but contributes to an increase in the consumption of protein products while reducing the intake of potatoes, bread products and vegetables. It has been revealed that one of the reasons for the low consumption of certain food products is a reduction in own production of agricultural products in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. The need to implement a policy of self-sufficiency in agricultural products that can be produced in the regions of the district, taking into account agroclimatic conditions, has been noted.
T.V. BARDINA, V.I. BARDINA, V.V. KULIBABA
Saint-Petersburg Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences - Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: toxicity, soil, bottom soil, test culture, eluate methods, contact methods
The ecosystem approach to assessing the object of accumulated environmental damage (AED) has been implemented; it consists in the possibility of using bioassay methods together with chemical-analytical methods for the environmental assessment of soils and bottom sediments of the closed authorized landfill located in the Gulf of Finland basin. It has been revealed that the cause of pollution of the basin territory is the long-term storage of mixed landfill masses without observing environmental protection technologies. It has been established that the current regulatory and methodological framework does not provide for reliable accounting of the factors of influence of AED objects, which leads to distortions of the parameters of eco-safety of territories and assessments of the impact on the surrounding geosystems. New pollutants with high toxicity can be formed at the objects of accumulated environmental damage. Their presence cannot be predicted only on the basis of chemical analysis. In this regard, the environmental control system should involve integral methods for assessing the toxicity of natural environments, which include bioassay. Bioassay, which performs the function of tactical control, allows us to approach the assessment of the impact of AED objects on the ecosystem and to quickly establish the danger of the object for the environment. In this work, ecotoxicological studies of soils and bottom soils by bioassay methods were carried out using a set of biotest systems including representatives of different trophic levels (crustaceans, infusoria, algae, and seeds of higher plants). The study used eluate and contact bioassay methods, which enabled to determine the most sensitive biotests. The obtained research results make it possible to properly justify scientific and applied solutions for the restoration of the cumulative technogenic background of natural and economic systems located in the Gulf of Finland basin.
L.P. KAPELKINA1, A.I. POPOV2 1Saint Petersburg Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia 2Arkhangelsk Research Institute of Agriculture, pos. Lugovoy, Russia
Keywords: Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Western Siberia, plant communities, reindeer pastures, adapted technologies, indigenous peoples
The article presents information on disturbed lands in oil production areas in Western Siberia and Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The technogenic disturbances of the surface that occur during exploration and production of hydrocarbon raw materials were examined. The stages of restoration of the vegetation cover at geological exploration sites and in Nenets Autonomous Okrug were revealed. The analysis of primary successions of vegetation that arise after complete destruction of the soil and vegetation cover is given. It has been revealed that willow communities are formed at the studied geological exploration sites by plant succession. It has been established that in Western Siberia over a 25-year period, plant communities have been formed on bulk drilling sites that rise above the areas of disturbed swamps by 1-4 m that differ significantly from the vegetation of swamps. It has been concluded that the process of restoration of plant communities occurs by the way of formation of forest ecosystems; woody plants such as birches, pines, willows settle along with herbaceous plants. This is facilitated by the creation of favorable conditions for the growth of trees and shrubs in local areas due to embankments, an increase in the thickness of the root layer, and an improvement of the hydrothermal regime. Practical measures are proposed for the restoration of disturbed lands and the reduction of their negative impact on the environment. Various grass mixtures have been tested during restoration work. Promising plant species for sodding disturbed tundra areas in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug territory have been identified. The expediency of using wild species seeds, more resistant to local conditions, for sowing along with cultivated plants has been established. It is proposed to involve the indigenous population migrating across the tundra with herds of reindeer in collecting wild plant seeds and sowing plants in disturbed areas. For the first time, the feasibility of using small-sized (garden) equipment transported by helicopter for the restoration of hard-to-reach disturbed areas has been tested and proven. Technologies for the restoration of disturbed lands adapted to the conditions of the North are proposed.
O.K. KLISHKO
Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chita, Russia
Keywords: Transbaikalia, Far East, mollusk shells, climatogenic succession, Pleistocene deposits
The article presents information on the finds of shells of mollusks of the genera Monodacna, Unio, Lanceolaria, Planorbis, and Amuropaludina in the Pleistocene and Holocene deposits in Transbaikalia. Their shells are morphologically similar to those of modern species inhabiting regions of Russia that are geographically remote from Transbaikalia. Their ranges in the past were much more extensive than at present. The history of the existence and extinction of the species under discussion in Transbaikalia is reconstructed based on fossil finds and modern collections of mollusks. The ranges of the European species of the genera Monodacna, Unio, Planorbis, and the Far Eastern species of the genera Lanceolaria and Amuropaludina changed during the time period from the Pleistocene to the Holocene under the influence of climatic factors during the Ice Age. When comparing the absolute age of fossil shell finds or their host sediments with periods of warming and cooling on the regional geochronological scale, geochronological markers of the existence and extinction of the species under discussion in Transbaikalia were revealed. Thermophilic European species, widespread in the Pleistocene, became extinct in Eastern Siberia and Transbaikalia during the Ice Age, their ranges were interrupted and limited to the main part in Europe. The same scenario developed for the Far Eastern stenothermic species, which became extinct in Transbaikalia during the cold period of the Holocene. About 2-1,5 thousand years ago, their range, covering the entire Amur basin, was interrupted and limited to the main part in the Far East. The fact of habitation of local populations of European species of the common and wedge-shaped pearl mussel (Unio pictorum and U. tumidus) and the Far Eastern species of the Kian amuranodont (Amuranodonta kijaensis) in the refugium lakes of Transbaikalia has been noted. Changes associated with the natural cycles of cooling and warming in the Pleistocene and Holocene can be considered as a manifestation of climatogenic succession, during which the extinction of stenothermic species at the regional level and the rupture of ranges at the global level occurred.
A.M. PENJIYEV, P.O. ORAZOV
Turkmen State Institute of Architecture and Construction, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Keywords: natural and climatic resources, solar radiation, energy potentials, environmental aspect, mathematical statistics, feasibility study
The use of natural environmentally friendly resources in engineering systems, in particular, solar energy technologies, helps to cut energy costs, thereby reducing production costs and anthropogenic load on the environment. Long-term hydrometeorological data were studied and processed using mathematical statistics methods, the reliability of the interaction was determined, and regression equations were obtained to predict the natural and climatic conditions along the coast of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf in the Caspian Sea. Natural solar energy resource potentials of the gulf coast were considered. Using innovative techniques, the task is to assess the thermal resource potentials of solar radiation; consider the salt deposits of the gulf as heat accumulators for the development, implementation and application of solar thermal energy technologies; and justify the technical and economic feasibility of their use in engineering systems in the gulf. For development, creation and implementation of solar thermal and electric power stations in the study area applying innovative methods with consideration of natural and climatic conditions and atmospheric phenomena, gross, technical, economic and environmental capabilities of the region were assessed. The solar energy potentials of photoconverter and heat collector at the optimum tilt angle were estimated based on theoretical studies and methodological calculations, taking into account duration of sunshine; hour angle to inclined and normally oriented surface; movement of solar declination to an inclined surface and to the horizon; scattering of radiation, albedo, angular parameters of arrival and solar radiation; average monthly and annual temperature of outdoor air and operation of a solar installation; specific energy parameters of a solar installation, etc. The obtained scientifically substantiated and systematized results can be used in the development of design and estimate documentation, preparation of feasibility studies for the creation of various solar technology complexes in the Caspian region, which will contribute to strengthening of energy security, sustainable development of energy systems when using autonomous technological units based on solar energy, growth of production of natural chemical elements, reduction of energy consumption of organic fuel, and improvement of the environmental situation in the region of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf.
K.A. ATYSHOV1, H. KOCH1, A.V. BABOSIUK1, U.S. ARALBAEV2 1M. Ryskulbekov Kyrgyz Research University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 2Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Keywords: natural and recreational resources, public-private partnership, high-mountain zones, economy, regulation
The article considers the main areas for development of mountain tourism in Kyrgyzstan based on a comprehensive study of the tourism potential. An integrated research of the country’s natural and recreational resources associated with altitudinal zonality has been conducted. They include mountains, glaciers, mineral waters, therapeutic muds, lake beaches, etc. Taking into account global trends in the development of the tourism market, three promising areas of mountain tourism in Kyrgyzstan have been identified, namely: resort and recreational, travel along the Great Silk Road, and mountain-adventure, the key role in the development of which is assigned to mountaineering. It is shown that the tourism and recreational potential of the republic is mainly associated with high-mountain territories. It is concluded that in order to unlock this potential, it is necessary to create an international mountaineering center, develop tourism infrastructure and modernize the existing one, as well as to enhance control in the field of environmental protection. Significant investments are required to achieve these goals; some of them can be attracted through foreign investors. The implementation of these measures should contribute to the sustainable development of the republic and improve the quality of life of the population.
