Home – Home – Jornals – Russian Geology and Geophysics 2025 number 7

We present the results of isotope, geochronological, geochemical, and mineralogical studies and mineral composition analyses of melanocratic enclaves in the granites of the Sarkhoi Complex (Kaa-Khem magmatic area, Eastern Tuva). According to geochronological data (zircon U-Pb dating), the age of the enclaves differs from that of the host granites (480 and 450 Ma, respectively). The ε_Nd( T ) values for the enclaves are 3.2, while for the Sarkhoi Complex granites, they range from 0.5 to 1.7. Therefore, the enclaves cannot be considered cumulates from the earlier phase of granite melt crystallization or restites of the Sarkhoi Complex granitoid protolith. Melanocratic enclaves are xenoliths, which, based on their age and isotope characteristics, can be attributed to the early phase of the diorite-tonalite-plagiogranite association of the Early Tannu-Ola Complex. Fragments of mafic rocks were trapped during the ascent of granite melt (ca. 450 Ma) at the middle crustal level ( T of ca. 700 °C, P = 1.9-2.5 kbar), which led to their partial assimilation and compositional alteration through interaction with felsic melt. The xenogenic zircon present in the Sarkhoi Complex granites has an age of 480 Ma close to the age of the xenoliths, which suggests the contribution of Early Ordovician complexes to the formation of a significant volume of magmatic melt at the later stages of regional evolution. Xenoliths of mafic rocks in the granitoids of the Sarkhoi Complex, studied in the eastern part of the Kaa-Khem area, are products of melting of the primitive mantle, thus fundamentally differing from the coeval gabbroid complexes in the western part of the area.

Interaction of an external artificial disturbance with a blunted leading edge of a swept wing is studied under the conditions of a model experiment. Specific features of disturbances of a three-dimensional boundary layer arising due to significant bluntness of the leading edge and transverse flow are identified. It is shown that localized disturbances generated in the incident flow interact with the boundary layer on the swept wing and generate unsteady streaky structures; high-frequency wave packets are formed near these streaky structures. The dynamics of the development of wave packets and localized streaky structures in a three-dimensional boundary layer in a gradient flow is quantified.

The experimental results on heat transfer in the gas coolant flow in a space formed by a dense packing of seven heated tubes are presented. Eight separating inserts with longitudinal displacers were used to fix the tubes and ensure a uniform gas flow field in the internal and external channels of the tube bundle. Gas mixtures with a large difference in the Prandtl number were used as the working fluid: air (Pr = 0.7) and helium-xenon mixture (Pr = 0.23). The experiments were carried out in the range of Reynolds numbers of 2218 - 12900.

The experimental data on the effect of a pair of weak shock waves on the flow in the boundary layer of swept plates with initial angles χ = 35° and 40° at Mach number M = 2 are presented. The incident flow was disturbed using a weak shock wave (SW) generator made in the form of a two-dimensional sticker on the side wall or on the nozzle surface in the test section of the wind tunnel. For the latter case, shadow visualization of the flow past the models was carried out and the inclination angles of the weak SWs were determined. Measurements with a constant temperature hot-wire anemometer allowed us to record for the first time the effect of a weak SW from the leading edge of the sticker on the flow in the boundary layer of a flat plate with large sweep angles of the leading edge. On the model with χ = 35°, in the vicinity of the maximum effect of a pair of weak SWs, the flow characteristics were measured with a continuous change in the rotation angle of the model. The measurement results suggest that the sweep angle χ = 48° is the critical sweep angle of the blunt leading edge, at which longitudinal vortices are not generated in the boundary layer by a “co-directional or overtaking” weak shock wave. The conclusions of previous studies that with an increase in the sweep angle along the leading edge, there is a decrease in the intensity of the effect of weak shock waves on the flow in the boundary layer, and that flow turbulization occurs for a model sweep angle of 50°, have been confirmed.

The experimental results on thermal destruction processes during pyrolysis and the degree of fragmentation caused by pulsed aerodynamic impact on a demonstration sample (DS) simulating a separable structural element of the Soyuz-2 launch vehicle at the launch site have been obtained. A polymer based on aramid fibers and epoxy binder is used as the structural material of the DS. The process of pyrolysis and subsequent thermal destruction occur due to heating the DS with an electric heater. A pulsed aerodynamic impact takes place in a vacuum chamber due to a gas-dynamic blow of compressed air with an assessment of the fragmentation degree. An experimental program and a corresponding test rig with the metrological support have been developed. Based on the obtained results, a further direction of research on thermal destruction and aerodynamic fragmentation of DS has been mapped out.

The flow pattern and integral flow parameters in confusors implementing different methods of a supersonic flow compression are numerically investigated.. Model configurations are considered, consisting of a tapering inlet section and a constant cross-section, in which different types of flows take place: two-dimensional, axisymmetric or three-dimensional flow. The flow is completely turbulent and computations are based on Navier-Stokes equations and the k-ω SST turbulence model. The flow in the confusor is assumed to be supersonic everywhere, the range of free-stream Mach numbers is М_H = 2 - 4.5.

The paper presents the experimental results on the distribution of the outer wall and coolant temperatures in a simplified model of the peripheral region of a fuel assembly (FA) consisting of two parallel cells. The experimental setup was equipped with three fuel element simulators with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 500 mm. The power of each fuel element simulator was up to 2000 W (4 kW/m). During operation, the fuel elements were connected to the power source in turn, which allowed determination of the features of temperature distribution in the model with non-uniform energy release. A movable thermocouple and an IR camera were used for measurements. The data obtained for a water coolant and a lead-bismuth alloy are compared. It is shown that the main patterns of temperature distribution are generally similar for different coolants.

The processing of experimental dependences for pitching vs. time curve for free oscillations of a cone with the attached hemisphere rear part gives the pitching moment coefficients, equivalent coefficients for pitch damping, spectral coefficients for pitching angle and pitching moment coefficient for self-induced oscillations flow mode. It was shown that a dependency of pitch damping vs. oscillation amplitude presents a hyperbolic behavior. The frequency spectrum for pitching and pitching moment coefficient demonstrates a domination of one frequency. There is no hysteresis in a dependency of the pitching moment on the attack angle for self-induced oscillations.

A low-parameter equation has been obtained to describe the viscosity coefficient of liquid and gaseous neon at temperatures from 24.6 to 700 K and pressures from 0.044 to 50 MPa. This equation allows data obtaining within the experimental error. It is shown that this equation, proposed for calculating the viscosity coefficient of liquid and gas, allows reliable extrapolation beyond the studied area.

The paper presents characteristics of coherent structures that develop in the shock wave / boundary layer interaction zone. Experiments were performed on a flat plate for two options on the free flow: laminar and turbulent flow modes. The shock wave was generated by a wedge-type body placed ahead the plate. The data are obtained from hot-wire velocimetry technique. Flow structures in a boundary layer were studied using the coherence spectral analysis. It was demonstrated that the transversal size of coherent patterns varies insignificantly in the interaction zone between shock waves and boundary layer.

A system of multipoint diagnostics for pressure pulsations was used in experiments. The data is compared with the results of high-speed flow visualization for the case of a cloud cavitation flow past a smooth hydrofoil in a slit channel. It was shown that the shock mechanism is significant for development of the attached cavity. The main mechanism for detachment and shedding of a cavity is a re-entrant flow.

The spatial evolution of the flow structure formed by the movement of a submillimeter pulsed arc discharge in a magnetic field near a flat dielectric surface was studied in detail using optical methods (Schlieren method and PIV tomography). Due to good controllability of the dynamic and electrical characteristics of the discharge with high precision synchronization of the equipment, a high degree of detail of the flow pattern on small scales was achieved. The formation of a transversely located toroidal vortex propagating in the direction of the generated electromagnetic force is shown. The formation of a secondary flow in the tail of the jet was detected, which can be explained by the ejection of the surrounding gas into the region of reduced density.

The efficiency of a regenerative heat exchanger with an intermediate coolant and drop irrigation under winter operating conditions has been experimentally studied. It was found that the temperature efficiency of the heating and cooling columns increased with an increase in the packing irrigation density from 0.11 to 0.20 kg/(m²·s). The maximum temperature efficiency of 71 % for the heating column was obtained at an irrigation density of 0.21 kg/(m²·s). In the cooling column of the heat exchanger, the air flow from the room was cooled, and moisture was condensed there. In the heating column of the heat exchanger, the opposite process of intense evaporation of moisture and humidification of the air flow entering the room was observed. The maximum humidity efficiency of the heating column was about 80% at a packing irrigation density of 0.17- 0.25 kg/(m²·s).

A device that allows obtaining a highly rarefied flow of microdroplets for their subsequent use in various fields of technology or scientific research is considered. The created setup allows microdroplet obtaining in a periodic mode. The oscillation period is about 30 seconds. With the help of gas flow pulsations, relatively small drops are filtered, which gives a more uniform droplet size distribution.

A modeling study was performed for excitation of streamwise structures in a boundary layer with combustion. Modeling for undisturbed flow in a boundary layer is based on locally self-similar solutions for a boundary layer flow; these solutions account for streamwise pressure gradients and a heat source in the boundary layer with combustion that comply to simulated data. This undisturbed flow solution is a basis for solving a problem of interacting the external vorticity with a boundary layer (for the case of hydrogen-air combustion). We demonstrated that this type of interaction with the boundary layer generates intensive streamwise structure with velocity inhomogeneity in the lateral direction. These structures have the level of velocity higher than for the external vorticity velocity by factor of tens. Meanwhile, a maximum value of temperature inhomogeneity is much higher than for the velocity maldistribution.

Experiments were performed on formation of phase interface for a case of distilled water boiling on cylindrical surfaces with the diameter of 1 and 3 mm. During the experiment, a bubble boiling regime was ensured, these bubbles are detected with the high-speed PSV (Particle Shadow Velocimetry) technique with 8000 f.p.s. rate. Data processing provides for bubble size distribution and defines the mean separation diameter and the bubble growth rate as a function of heat flux. The effect of the boiling surface curvature on boiling characteristics was evaluated.

The experimental study was performed on the influence of surfactants on the bubble size distribution for a bubbly flow in an inclined tube. Measurements were performed for a round tube with the inner diameter of 32 mm at the gas flow rate 3.3, 5, and 8 ml/min and the tube inclination angles 30 - 60°. Diameters of gas bubbles and mean diameters were measured from the shadow images of bubbly flow. These parameters were recorded as a function of the tube inclination angle and the distance from gas injection site and the measuring zone. Adding of surfactants reduces the bubble detachment diameter and suppresses bubble coalescence.

The paper presents results of experiments on low-temperature entrained-flow gasification of raw biomass with a broad fractional composition in a pilot setup under atmospheric pressure with a diverging duct and upflow. Here the fuel source is a wet pine-tree sawdust with the mean size 0.25 - 0.50 mm and the maximum size of 5 - 6 mm. The gasifier parameters: air flow rate is 8-15 m³/h, solid fuel rate is in the range 7.3-19.5 kg/h. Тhe produced syngas has the heating value is the range 2.47-5.58 MJ/m³ and this fits the technical requirements for fuel gases used in internal combustion engines and in gas turbine plants.

A mathematic model developed for describing the methane pyrolisis processes in a low-size plasmatron setup. Calculations are compared with experimental results on pyrolisis products composition. The factors promoting the yield of useful products are estimated. If the exit reactor temperature is increased to 1500 -2000 K, this reduces the ethylene yield and increases the soot content with a minor increase in the hydrogen yield.

Method of differential scanning calorimetry was applied for measuring the specific isobaric heat capacity of yttria fully stabilized zirconia (15 wt. %), which is widely used in production of high-temperature structural cera-mics. New reliable experimental results were obtained on the specific heat capacity in the temperature range of 300 -1270 K of a solid state with the uncertainty of 2 - 4 %. A table of reference data for specific heat capacity of the ceramics is presented. The experimental data are compared with available reference data. The study found that for a wide range of temperature and Y₂O₃ concentration, the heat capacity of YSZ solid ceramics can be accurately evaluated using the Neumann-Kopp rule and also by the average atomic weight of the compound.

Introduction. In the context of education modern transformations as a social institution, it is both urgent and important to preserve its authentic essence, especially: its originally philosophical vision as a way of human existence. The article`s methodological platform is philosophical anthropology, which allows us to reveal the ontological nature of education. The specificity of man lies in his reflective openness to the world, which determines his cognitive intention and provides an objective possibility for “growing” (J. Dewey) into the world, i.e., educating oneself from it. The article`s purpose is to substantiate the impossibility of commercializing education if we view it in an ontological perspective, that is, as a way of human being. Discussion. Thanks to the gift of reflexive consciousness, man finds himself in the world through knowledge and, consequently, through constant becoming-education. The social institution of education and pedagogy as a science are created to assist man in realizing his mode of being in specific existences (in a particular historical period, within cultural stages of development, national identity, etc.). Therefore, the ontological specificity of education is the process of man’s continuous self-formation, his self-education. This is the authenticity of both man and education. In revealing its authenticity through education, philosophy since ancient Greece has seen happiness (eudemonia) as central to human life. The philosophical definition of education resonates in pedagogy and justifies the necessary unity of philosophical and pedagogical anthropologies. In the case of this unity, pedagogy is viewed as a humanitarian rather than engineering science (firstly). Secondly, a person in education (self-education as their authenticity) cannot be considered as a subject of commercialization. Conclusion. Since education, having an ontological nature, is also a social institution, its commercialization becomes a fact that violates its authenticity.

Introduction. Conceptual and figurative thinking is, first of all, the development of fantasy and imagination, which is relevant in view of professional (engineering) orientation in higher education institution. The problematic nature of the task of its formation is analyzed from the philosophical methodology position, which allows students to master the techniques, rules of thinking activity, artistic language in educational and creative work. The circle of questions related to the problem solution is built on the experience of philosophical education in a technical university. Methodology. The object of the study is the artistic and figurative typological correspondences between the philosophical worldview and fiction. The analysis is carried out on the principle of systematicity, which allows us to explain the commonality of semantic definition of universal problems of being. Discussion. Philosophical education in a technical university is important in the aspect of the formation problem of a special type of thinking, limited to artistic, scientific and philosophical cognition: translation of abstract concepts into images, or a combination of both. Typological correspondences between philosophy and fiction make it possible to synthesize figurative thinking and abstract thinking, determining the learning style. Conclusion. In the models of practical training a significant place is given to the student’s independent work both in the traditional form (abstract, essay) and innovative (a letter to the thinker and co-creation with the author of the text). The solution of this issue is in three aspects: improvement of technique and methods of performance; modification of creativity types; modeling of the situation of reflection work (collective discussion of the results of work with small art forms). Philosophical reflections, innovative ideas, play of the mind, construction of pure thought, formation of intellectual capital can become self-valuable when using any genres of literature in a certain effective performance, giving new properties to the training session, the organization of educational activity.

Introduction. From the moment of inclusion in the normative component of the educational process of a competence approach among the main indicators of pedagogical skill, the level of proficiency in forms and practices of interactive learning comes to the fore. Global trends of the educational process (humanization, personalization, antipatronalism, pluralism) allow to predict the steady growth of “demandˮ for innovative cognitive practices and put on the agenda the expediency of their improvement. Research on this topic is usually limited to the description of the external component of interactive learning (level of interactive technologies), philosophical-theoretical basis of interactive practices remain in the shadows. Methodology. During the work, the main philosophical and general-scientific methods of research were applied: dialectics, comparative historical analysis, the principle of systematicity, the principle of climbing from abstract to concrete observation, modeling, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. Discussion. In order to optimize the educational process it is advisable to distinguish between the idea of interactive learning having deep historical and philosophical roots and its actual modern implementation. In the light of basic features of scientific knowledge, the shortcomings of generally accepted interactive practices were identified: hypertrophy of subjectivity, unsystematic, lack of self-reflection, ignoring achievements and values of traditional school. The basic parameters of philosophical measurement of interactive learning, set within the framework of platonic, Cartesian and Hermeneutic traditions, are analyzed. Conclusion. The system-substantive model of interactive interaction, based on epistemological and methodological ideas of classical philosophical thought, assumes a balanced attention to personal characteristics of the student - on the one hand, and the fundamental distinction between science and other kinds of cognitive experience - on the other. The contrast between interactive and traditional forms of knowledge transfer and control should be seen as counterproductive. The methodology of teaching should not contradict the basic principles of scientific knowledge.

Introduction. In modern scientific discourse and in the space of mass media, the narrative of identity occupies an increasingly important place. The gap between human naturalistic attributions and constructivist identities creates problems in regulating social processes and causes legitimate concern in the scientific and political community. The negative aspects of this phenomenon - the appearance of artificial identities - require analysis. The attitude towards this phenomenon depends on the identification of the place of self-identification process in the the social system functioning. Methodology. The modern scientific paradigm presupposes the consideration of society as a self-developing system, that is, immanently capable of reformatting its own structures. At the same time, a large place in the concepts formation of social dynamics is given to the principle of teleology, which not only allows, but presupposes the impossibility of excluding the observer - a significant role of the cognizing subject, a person, in constructing the reality in which he exists. The general principles of the post-non-classical paradigm of science in social knowledge have been embodied in a number of concepts. The study of the phenomenon of multiple identity is based on the concepts of autopoiesis of Maturana and Varela, the Sedov-Ashby diversity law, and a systematic approach in psychology developed by a number of Russian authors (for example: Hansen, Gorbatenko, Lomov). Discussion. Based on the laws of functioning of self-developing systems and their correlation with social dynamics, a conclusion is drawn about the necessary and natural emergence of constructive and multiple identities, the formation of which is associated with the need to form personality qualities congruent to new civilizational realities. Conclusion. The phenomenon of multiple self-identification is an element of the homeoresis mechanism of the social system, which makes it possible to overcome a crisis situation and maintain a stable trajectory of development in an unstable reality.

Introduction. There are two basic dimensions in which any education system is found: individual and social. The former one is aimed at realizing a person’s subjective abilities and interests, as well as their professional preferences. The latter considers a person primarily as a labor unit. The article focuses on analysis of the dialectical relationship between education systems functioning, the development of modern domestic economy and ways to increase effectiveness of this interaction. The methodology was based on a comparative historical method that takes into account functioning of the Soviet Education System, as well as the world’s dominant educational and economic development. The methods of analogy and interpretation allowed us to put forward a hypothesis about the mechanism of mutual influence of the education system and the strategic vector of national economy development. Discussion. The Russian economy diversification is the only key to its development. The modern economic system cannot be competitive while the raw materials production prevails over production of final products. This is not only a matter of economic efficiency, but also of national sovereignty. An attempt to adopt any technological patterns from other countries and build a model of a national economy according to appropriate algorithms inevitably leads to the path of catch-up modernization, which, despite numerous attempts in the XX-XXI centuries, in fact, never achieved its goals. A more promising path is development of a creative economy, which is based on the predominance of innovative, creative ideas that have received their commercial formalization. It is the sphere of creative economy that is currently represented by all the leading world-class companies. The creative economy development could be facilitated by an education system based not on the principles of narrow specialization, but on the contrary, on broad, fundamental knowledge that would allow a subject to promptly respond to market conditions and to meet individual needs. Conclusion. The prospects of the Russian diversified economy are quite clearly linked to the state and strategic vector of the Russian education development. The creative economy development is an opportunity to avoid “catch-up modernization” and form a socio-economic sphere that meets the modern society requirements.

Introduction. Asking the question: “Is it necessary to form the practice of patriotism in the Russian education system in order to foster human dignity?”, and if so, on what principles: sociocentrism, egocentrism or relativism. The article analyzes the importance of patriotic humanism in the human dignity formation as a process based on a harmonious synthesis of Russian traditions, modern achievements, and the experience of scientific schools that direct their pedagogical efforts taking into account the achievements of cultural-historical (humanitarian) and systemic-activity (technocratic) approaches. Methodology. A comprehensive review of philosophical views on the formation of human dignity as an educational strategy of Russian patriotic humanism is presented. The interdisciplinary nature of the problem under study has led to the application of educational and axiological methodology using practical and experimental analysis. The proposed new concepts and definitions may be of interest for further philosophical understanding and the development of the educational system in Russia. Discussion. Russia is a unique civilization that serves as the basis for the free life and development of its citizens, their families, and peoples, which form the foundation of the dignity of Russia itself. This is precisely what makes up the qualitative difference between the modern educational approach to the human dignity formation, which is associated with the concept of patriotic humanism and differs from previous stages in the synthesis of spiritual, moral and civic-patriotic education of the individual. In modern conditions, the idea of Russian patriotic humanism, which combines classical humanistic values emphasizing Russian traditions, has been formed in Russian education as a moral foundation for the human dignity formation. Conclusion. Human dignity in the educational strategy of Russian patriotic humanism can be considered in the formation of such personality qualities as morality, a sense of self-realization, independence in making life decisions, a sense of self-importance, awareness of one’s contribution to the development of the state and society as a whole. In modern Russian education, the practices of civic and patriotic education of human dignity are being integrated, combining social and legal components with components that represent a spiritual and moral component, which in turn is the core of patriotic education.

Introduction. The current system of language education in Mongolia focuses on teaching Mongolian - the state language, mother tongue, and English to the younger generations. In the context of contemporary Mongolia, it is imperative to assess the status of bilingual education for ethnic minorities and to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to the prevailing challenges. Methodology. In order to comprehend the challenges posed by bilingual education, it is imperative to explore its interconnection with the evolving socio-economic landscape of Mongolia. This exploration encompasses the nation’s integration into the Soviet system during the 20th century, as well as its subsequent integration into the post-Soviet era’s international division of labor system. The theoretical basis for this was the world-system approach and the theory of geopolitical dynamics developed by R. Collins. Discussion. The bilingual education of ethnic minorities was contingent upon the nature of the larger system, which encompassed Mongolian society. The socialist system functioned relatively autonomously from the world system of division of labor. The sustainability of this system was contingent upon the variety of functions that the included societies were capable of performing. Diversity that promotes sustainability has been achieved in two ways. First, through territorial expansion. In this process, the Russian language and education served to form long-term ties with the societies included in the system. There was not only an economic and cultural rise of Mongolian society, but also its «Russification». Secondly, the diversity of elements was formed by the establishment of ethnic group boundaries, with language being the primary means in this regard. Consequently, favorable conditions were established in Mongolia for the development of small peoples’ languages. Following the dissolution of the socialist system, Mongolia’s language education underwent a reorientation towards the international division of labor, with English assuming a dominant role. Ethnic minority language education projects aim to attract core capital, which requires long-term ties and the willingness of Mongolian society to support it in competition with China. On this basis, the problems of bilingual education of Kazakh and Tuvan ethnic minorities in Bayan-Ulgii aimag are described in detail. Conclusion. The Mongolian state has been able to partially restore the previously established ethnic minority language education system. However, the world-system is entering a period of disintegration that will lead to an exodus of core capital. There is a danger that Mongolia will find itself in networks of unequal exchange with China without any international counterweight to its power, which means that the problems of bilingual education for ethnic minorities will be posed and solved differently.

Introduction. In the context of rapid digitalization of all levels of social and individual life, research related to the convergence of traditional education into the digital space is particularly relevant. The article is devoted to a comprehensive review of the correlation of learning strategies in higher education within the framework of digital culture as a procedural sociotechnical phenomenon. The methodology is based on a combination of institutional and product approaches as the most representative in the analysis of dynamic digitalization processes. Discussion. There are many discussions about the advantages and risks of the process of mutual convergence of classical learning and digital culture. New educational practices are being considered, including personalization, gamification, micro-learning, the use of big data and neural networks in modeling learning trajectories and the use of educational content, etc. The advantages of these practices are formulated (as possibilities and as consequences): individualization of learning, increased motivation and involvement of subjects in educational interactions, the effect of continuity in the development of an individual’s educational potential, etc. Along with the advantages, the risks are also analyzed. Traditionally, these include fragmentation of knowledge, delegation of responsibility, lowering the threshold of critical thinking, cybersecurity issues, the anthropologization of gadgets, the “devaluation” of living experience, and much more. This indicates a steady trend of considering the subject of education not only as a “productˮ of educational systems, but as an “integrated system of functionsˮ that he can perform based on the personal potential developed in the education system. Conclusion. The formation of a model of correlation between classical and digital learning formats is in its infancy. Today, a kind of “asset redistribution” is taking place, in the process of which “digital ownersˮ (neural networks, educational platforms, chatbots, AI agents, etc.) “captureˮ the space of educational entities, starting from the state and ending with family and individuals. The effect of such strategies is not determined.

Introduction. The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into education is a kind of substitution, including the substitution of concepts, since intelligence does not exist at all, especially artificial intelligence. In addition, such substitution can mask the implicit processes taking place in the educational process. Let’s consider two tasks: Which old myths about AI and digitalization in education have been revived on a modern technological basis? And also, do educational managers understand what AI is, its capabilities and limitations, and do they need such an understanding? The research methodology was based on a systematic analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on the research topic, as well as on a historical analysis of the origin primary sources of the machine metaphor - “can a machine thinkˮ? Discussion. The complexity of the most advanced modern digital neural networks lags behind the complexity of a single human brain by at least a million times. Nevertheless, substituting concepts, it is believed that such a network has a certain “intelligenceˮ. This is due to the virtually non-alternative belief in the field of AI that intelligence can be identified by the Turing test, which is nothing more than the revival of behaviorism on a modern computer base in its most fundamentalist manifestation: “stimulus-responseˮ allows you to formalize intellectual processes. Conclusion. The introduction of AI in the education field is due to the fact that in modern reality, the educational process is part of the economic process. The comprehensive implementation of digitalization and its derivative AI preserves the existing economic and managerial relations with all the consequences that follow from this.

Introduction. The students` adaptation to the educational process at the university is the most important stage in student life, because the further education of a young person, his success, and the future depend on its success. Therefore, many researchers pay attention to this problem. We have developed a model for the adaptation of the first-year students of the Language faculty of the Pedagogical University. To verify the effectiveness of the model we have developed, it is necessary to determine the initial indicators of the adaptability level of the first-year students and conduct an input diagnosis. In this article, we will present the results of the ascertaining stage of experimental work to verify the effectiveness of this model. Methodology. When building the model, we used competence-based, systemic and personal-activity approaches, as well as the principles of continuity and constancy of the adaptation process, progressiveness, perspective, consistency. Also, for conducting experimental work, we have developed a criterion-assessment apparatus and the levels of adaptation of first-year students. Discussion. In this study, we present the results of the ascertaining stage of experimental work to test the effectiveness of the adaptation model of the first year of the Language faculty of the Pedagogical University, during which the primary diagnosis of students’ adaptability and an introductory questionnaire were conducted. The experimental work was organized on the basis of the Faculty of Foreign Languages (FFL) of the Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (NSPU). Experimental research base: 120 first-year students of Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (training area: “Pedagogical education” with one and two profiles. Conclusion. The analysis and generalization of the results of the ascertaining stage of experimental work give grounds to assert that first-year students have a low level of adaptability to university studies, to the study group, and the implementation of the model of adaptation of the first-year students to university studies developed by us is capable of achieving a high level of adaptability to the educational process of the university.

Introduction. The article explores the potential of AI in English language teaching and learning; the focus is on integration of AI technologies into pedagogical practice and their application in the educational process. The purpose of the study is to empirically analyze professors’ and students’ perceptions of the introduction of AI tools into teaching modern languages and to identify trends in this area. Methodology. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analyze educators’ and students’ perceptions of the integration of AI technologies into English language teaching and learning. The empirical analysis of survey responses is conducted primarily using qualitative methods. Emphasis is placed on the descriptive methods of analyzing the chart, percentage indicators are given and explained, indicators are contrasted using the comparative method, and empirical conclusions are drawn. Discussion. The survey revealed a variety of respondents’ attitudes to the use and role of AI. The diagram allowed to identify trends: most of the survey’s participants acknowledge the deployment of AI tools in language education, but they also note insufficient awareness of the scale and possibilities of their application, demonstrating basic digital literacy. Conclusion. Respondents expect AI technologies to improve the educational process; the integration of AI in English language teaching is perceived as a promising trend that transforms educational practice.

Introduction. Active introduction of «technocratic model» in medicine, changes the nature of «doctor-patient» relations. They are judged today as depersonalized. The depersonalization of doctor-patient relations indicates an essential «crisis of medicine». The reason for the latter is seen in the displacement from practical health care of an approach to the patient that has been developed for centuries, based on the principle of mutual trust. The issue of the role of higher medical education in overcoming the processes of depersonalization of medicine becomes topical. Overcoming is possible due to the reflection of the valuable bases of the medical activity and professionally significant personal qualities of the specialist in the training process. Methodology. The authors use an axiological approach in analyzing the contradictions between the peculiarities of modern medical practice and the declared traditional values. Drawing on scientific literature on the designated problem, the authors turn to their own experience of teaching humanities in medical university. Discussion. The basis of the dialectical nature and uniqueness of medical practice are considered, which necessarily determine «professional-value orientations and personality qualities» of the future specialist. It is argued that in the formation of the future doctor, the leading role belongs to the disciplines of the humanitarian cycle. Conclusion. In the current conditions of dehumanization of medicine, one of the tasks of disciplines of the humanitarian cycle in medical university becomes a critical comprehension of the value bases of the profession of doctor. This problem can be related to the application of a number of pedagogical techniques, allowing medical students to realize the reconstruction of conceptual dimensions of medicine, without which it is difficult to maintain a holistic perception and medical experience, and the mission of the doctor.

A new species from Dianthus L. genus, endemic from Tyva Republic is described in the article as a new species for science. A detailed diagnosis of the new species is provided, indicating the morphological features of the structure of the root and above-ground shoots. Diagnostic characters have been established that permits reliably distinguish plants of the new species from D. chinensis L. s.l. ( D. versicolor Fisch. ex Link, D. ramosissimus Pall. ex Poir.), in which they were previously considered. Habitually, the plants of new species are short-stem perennial herbs, near 10-12 cm high, developing a taproot, in the above-ground sphere consisting of numerous generative shoots that form a dense turf. Their thin stems do not have spherical extensions at the nodes, develop 3-4 normal internodes, in most cases do not branch, and end in a single terminal flower. Their median leaves in the lower nodes do not wither and are not destroyed by the beginning of flowering, as in D. chinensis group of species; the bend of the petals during flowering has an intense pink color on the adaxial (inner) side and a noticeably lighter, pale pink color on the abaxtal (outer) side. When describing the new species, special attention was paid to the details of the structure and color of the bracts, which are different for the outer and inner pairs, the ratio of their lengths to each other and relative to the calyx tube, the color of the calyx tube and its teeth, which clearly distinguish plants of a new species from D. versicolor . D. tuvinicus habitats in desertified rocky steppes (so named ‘petrophyton’) mainly on fine-grained compacted substrates under conditions of high mineralization of organic matter on slight slopes and plumes in the Central Tyva intermountains.

The article presents the results of the study of the Lamiaceae family in the Siberian sector of the Circumboreal floristic Region. 151 species from 29 genera were identified, which is 25.5 % of the total number of Lamiaceae species in the Circumboreal floristic Region. The highest concentration of species was found in the Altai-Sayan, West Siberian and Transbaikal provinces (from 71 to 96 species), in steppe belt communities (50.3 %) on stony-gravelly substrate. The following biomorphological features of shoots and individuals were analyzed: shoot growth cycle (mono-, di-, and polycyclic), shoot structure (semi-rosette, rosette, elongated), growth pattern (monopodial or sympodial), inflorescence location (terminal or lateral), flowering frequency (polycarpic, monocarpic), ontogenesis duration (annual, biennial, perennial), shoot or skeletal axes growth direction (orthotropic, plagiotropic, anisotropic), branching pattern (acrotonic, mesotonic, basitonic). The spectrum of life forms was determined, including 3 dwarf shrubs, 1 subshrub, 3 dwarf subshrubs, and 11 herbs (18 life forms in total). The distribution of life forms by floristic provinces is shown. It has been established that the most diverse life forms of the family representatives are in the Altai-Sayan province, and the least diverse in the Arctic province. The diversity of biomorphological features of the species is described and a set of morphological features characteristic of plants of most species is revealed. It is shown that perennials, polycarpics with monocyclic, rosette-less, anisotropic shoots, apical arrangement of inflorescence, basitonic branching, sympodial growth and mixed root system predominate in the family. Taproot and longrhizome herbs dominate among the life forms. t has been revealed that the diversity of life forms and biomorphological features of the shoot system determine the distribution of species in different ecological-cenotic conditions of the Siberian sector of the Circumboreal Region.

Environmental monitoring of urban and suburban forests is the basis for their conservation, rational use and improvement. Suburban forests of the City of Barnaul, represented by pine plantations of the Barnaul ribbon pine forest, are subject to long-term anthropogenic load. The purpose of this work is to identify the floristic composition of suburban pine forests of the City of Barnaul on a forest typological basis and compare them by studying individual partial floras (PF). The material was collected in forest communities on 36 sample plots (SP) located within the Barnaul Forestry at different distances from the city limits of Barnaul. The sample plots are 50 50 m (0.25 ha) in size and are laid in pine plantations related to the most common forest types in the forest fund: fresh and grassy pine forest. During the growing season of 2023-2024, geobotanical descriptions were carried out on each PP with the determination of the species composition and its projective cover. Comparative analysis of partial floras of pine stands showed that forest communities of grass forest are richer in the number of families, genera and species than communities of fresh forest. With increasing distance from the city (0-15 km), the taxonomic richness of the aboriginal fraction of PF decreases in stands of both forest types, and levels out in intact forest areas (15-34 km). The increase in the number of taxa in PF near the city limits is associated with the active introduction of non-forest elements - meadow and synanthropic ones. The basis of communities is formed by the following: by the nature of latitudinal distribution - boreal-nemoral and boreal species; by longitudinal distribution - species with the Eurasian range; in relation to moisture - mesophytes; by cenotic confinement - forest edge and forest. The participation of adventive taxa in the composition of the grass and fresh pine forest PF is indicative - species, genera and families, the share of which decreases sharply with distance from the city limits. The most aggressive transforming species is Acer negundo which penetrated into grass forest communities where it formed a dense undergrowth preventing the natural regeneration of the main forest-forming species - Pinus sylvestris .

A new class of intrazonal sub-Arctic moderately mesophilous meadows - Polemonio borealis - Tanacetetea bipinnati Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun сlass nov. was described. The class represents the secondary communities occurring predominantly on eroded after wind deflation and well-drained sandy watersheds with the deep active layer of substrates in the sub-Arctic part of the tundra zone in Western and Central Siberia. They occupy also warm south-facing slopes of gulches and ravines on watersheds, lake or river terraces. The floristic peculiarity of the class is determined by the group of moderately xerophilous species originating from the xerothermic periods of the Pleistocene. Diagnostic species (D. s.) of the class: Armeria maritima, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium maximum, Dianthus repens, Draba hirta, Eremogone polaris, Festuca rubra subsp. arctica, Koeleria asiatica, Polemonium boreale, Potentilla stipularis, Rumex graminifolius, Salix nummularia, Silene paucifolia, Tanacetum bipinnatum, Thymus reverdattoanus . The class Polemonio borealis - Tanacetetea bipinnati includes one order Polemonio borealis-Tanacetetalia bipinnati Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun ord. nov. (with the same diagnostic species group as for the class) and two alliances. The alliance Oxytropido sordidae-Tanacetion bipinnati Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk ex Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun all. nov. is the holotypus of the order. Syn.: Oxytropido sordidae-Tanacetion bipinnati Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012 nom. inval. [art. 5a, ICPN]. Diagnostic species of the alliance are Aconogonon ochreatum, Androsace septentrionalis, Artemisia borealis, Antennaria villifera, Castilleja arctica, Cerastium arvense, Festuca ovina, F. rubra, Oxytropis sordida, Equisetum pratense, Solorina crocea . Holotypus of the Oxytropido sordidae-Tanacetion bipinnati all. nov. is the association Armerio maritimae-Polytrichetum alpini Ermokhina ass. nov. (described in this paper). The alliance range spreads throughout the sub-Arctic zone and the southern part of the Arctic zone in Western Siberia. The alliance community represents the advanced stages of the primary succession of vegetation on flat wind-eroded sandy surfaces or on well-drained slopes of hills and river or lake terraces. Herb species predominate, but sometimes dwarf-shrubs ( Salix nummularia, Arctous alpina, Dryas octopetala subsp. subincisa ) are abundant as well. Moss-lichen layer is poorly developed. The alliance includes 5 associations: Diantho repentis-Festucetum ovinae Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012, Cerastio maximi-Salicetum nummulariae Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012, Antennario lanatae-Arctoetum alpinae Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012, Armerio maritimae-Polytrichetum alpini Ermokhina ass. nov., Koelerio asiaticae-Salicetum nummulariae Dudov et Ivleva nov. prov.) and 1 subassociation ( A.l. - A.a. subass. lagotidoetosum minoris Telyatnikov et al. 2019). Ass. Armerio maritimae-Polytrichetum alpini Ermokhina ass. nov. (Table, rel. 1-10, Table, Column 4). Holotypus: releve nr. 4 in Table (Field releve nr. Ks_31). Diagnostic species: Armeria maritima, Artemisia borealis, Briocaulon divergens, Cetraria odontella, Polytrichastrum alpinum s.l., Rumex graminifolius, Stereocaulon paschale . The association is recorded in the typical tundra subzone of the Yamal Peninsula. They occupy flat eroded parts of sandy watersheds and gentle (5°) well-drained south-western slopes of small hills at altitudes of 16-67 m. The herb layer is well-developed (mean height is 10-20 cm and coverage is 35-80 %). The lower ground layer is formed by dwarf-shrubs (cover of up to 30 %), mosses (mean cover is of 10-30 %, sometimes up to 40 %) and lichens (mean cover is 15-35 %). The alliance Erigerono eriocephali-Artemision tilesii Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun all. nov. (described in this paper). Diagnostic species: Arnica iljinii, Artemisia tilesii, Astragalus umbellatus, Erigeron eriocephalus, Festuca viviparoidea, Pedicularis verticilla, Saxifraga tenuis, Taraxacum macilentum, Tephroseris heterophylla . Communities of the alliance occur in tundra zone of the western part of the Taimyr and Gydan Peninsulas. They occupy the well-insolated eroded habitats with shallow snow cover. Grounds are loamy to sandy-loamy with moderate drainage. The herb layer is well-developed whereas cover of moss-lichen layer is much lower. Holotypus of the alliance is the association Pedicularido verticillatae-Astragaletum arctici Zanokha 1993 (Zanokha, 1993, p. 112). Diagnostic species of the association are Astragalus alpinus subsp. arcticus, Erigeron eriocephalus, Festuca vivipara, Pedicularis verticillata, Hedysarum hedysaroides, Potentilla stipularis, Arnica iljinii, Silene paucifolia, Bistorta major s.l. The association was described by L. Zanokha (1993) in tundra zone of the western part of the Taimyr Peninsula (the mouth of the Uboinaya River). The community occurs on steep (40-45°) southern slopes with sandy-loamy or loamy soil (pH is close to neutral). The coverage of herbaceous layer is 70-100 %. The moss-lichen layer is not developted. The subass. P.v.-A.s. typicum (Tabl. 1, column 8, 9) is represented by three subzonal variants (vicariants): typicum, campanulosum rotundifoliae and potentillosum hyparcticae (Zanokha, 1993). The diagnostic species of the subass. P.v.-A.a. trisetosum litoralis Telyatnikov et al. 2019 (Tabl. 1, column. 7) are Bistorta elliptica, Draba hirta, Oxyria digyna, Trisetum sibiricum subsp. litorale . This community was described from the northern part of the typical tundra subzone in the Gydansky Peninsula. It occupies steep well drained south-facing slopes of hills.

The composition, structure, ecological features and distribution of polydominant subalpine meadows of the Kurai Ridge were analyzed. In the system of ecological-floristic classification they are described as new association Anemonastro narcissiflori-Stemmacanthemum cartamoidis and three subassociations: typicum, aconitoetosum septentrionalis and aquilegietosum glandulosae . Syntaxa belong to the alliance Aconito pascoi-Geranion albiflori , the order Trollio-Crepidetalia sibiricae , and the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea . The comparative analysis showed the originality of the new association, which is due to the unique combination of meadow-forest, alpine-meadow and mountain-tundra species (Table 3). Ass. Anemonastro narcissiflori-Stemmacanthemum cartamoidis ass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 1-41) represents polydominant subalpine meadows dominated by tall grasses species and high-mountain species. The association is widespread in the western part of the Kurai Ridge (Fig. 1) at an altitude of 2300-2550 m. Subalpine meadows are found on covered with crushed stone, warm, well-moisturized and wind-protected parts of slopes, as well as along stream valleys, in negative microrelief forms, in places of increased snow accumulation. Diagnostic species (D. s.): Aconitum altaicum , Allium schoenoprasum , Anemonastrum narcissiflorum , Carex stenocarpa , Draba sibirica , Erigeron eriocalyx , Erythronium sibiricum , Gastrolychnis tristis , Poa alpina , Potentilla gelida , Rhodiola rosea , Sajanella monstrosa , Seseli condensatum . Subass. A.n. - S.c. typicum subass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 1-17) represents densely clustered mesophytic subalpine meadows dominated by Anthoxanthum alpinum , Bupleurum aureum , Dracocephalum grandiflorum , Geranium albiflorum , Ranunculus grandifolius . These communities occupy gentle slopes of eastern and southeastern exposures at an altitude of 2400-2550 meters. D. s.: Bistorta vivipara , Luzula sibirica , Macropodium nivale , Pedicularis anthemifolia , Pulsatilla patens , Taraxacum officinale , Tephroseris praticola , Thalictrum alpinum . Subass. A.n.-S.c. aconitoetosum septentrionalis subass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 18-27) represents xerophyte subalpine meadows dominated by Bupleurum aureum and Stemmacantha carthamoides . The floristic composition of the communities is based on species of montane distribution. The ecological optimum of such communities is in the altitude range of 2350-2450 m. The slopes are stony, dry and well-warmed, with southeastern exposure. D. s.: Aconitum septentrionale , Alopecurus pratensis , Crepis lyrata , Gentiana septemfida , Thalictrum minus . Subass. A.n. - S.c. aquilegietosum glandulosae subass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 28-41) unites communities of overwatered habitats. Subassociation is an ecotone between subalpine and alpine meadows. The floristic composition of the communities is based on species of alpine distribution, and a group of petrophytic species is also well represented. D. s.: Aquilegia glandulosa , Eritrichium villosum , Pedicularis verticillata , Primula algida , Saussurea frolowii .

Previously, the species Eunotia zygodon Ehrenberg was known in Russia only from the Vladimir Region (near Murom). For the first time in the Russian Far East, the species was found in the reservoirs of the Bastak Nature Reserve in the Jewish Autonomous Region. Later, the species and its variety var. elongata Hustedt ex Simonsen were also indicated for other reservoirs of this reserve, as well as for neighboring areas: Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Region. Based on the original data and literary information, a diagnosis of the species was made, the variability of its valve shape was shown, and its full area was identified. The species is most widely distributed in the countries of the southern hemisphere. With analyzing the original data and comparing it with materials from tropical Africa, we came to the conclusion that the previously indicated variety E. zygodon var. elongata should be attributed to the typical form. Thus, indicating this variety for the territory of the southern Far East should be considered erroneous.

The article contains information about the new localities of 23 vascular plant species in the Southern Urals (Chelyabinsk Region), obtained as a result of expeditionary research in the period 2018-2024. One species ( Limonium sareptanum (A. Beck.) Gams.) is reported as new for the regional flora. Protected plants are represented by 13 species from “Red Book of the Chelyabinsk Region”, current data on their distribution are important for the preparation of the next edition of the regional Red Book. The ten species have a small number of localities and are rare in the Chelyabinsk region. Most of the identified localities supplement the information about the species distribution at the border of the range: 15 species are located at the northern limit ( Anabasis cretacea Pall. , Asparagus inderiensis Blume ex Ledeb. , Astragalus brachylobus Fisch. ex DC. , A. varius S.G. Gmel. , Atriplex cana Ledeb. , Dianthus leptopetalus Willd. , Galium tomentellum Klok. , Iris glaucescens Bunge. , Limonium sareptanum (A. Beck.) Gams. , Pedicularis physocalyx Bunge. , Polycnemum arvense L. , Psammophiliella stepposa (Klok.) Ikonn. , Psathyrostachys hyalantha (Rupr.) Tzvel. , Stipa korshinskyi Roshev. , Trinia muricata Godet.), 1 - at the western ( Allium nutans L.), 1 - at the eastern ( Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult.).

Leonid Ivanovich Malyshev (1931-2014) is one of the leading researchers of the Siberian flora, an outstanding specialist in the field of comparative floristics and florogenetics, the author, inspirer and editor-in-chief of the Flora of Siberia project. The entire career of L.I. Malyshev is connected with the study of the Siberian flora. The materials collected by Malyshev during numerous expeditions to hard-to-reach areas of Siberia and as part of international trips in Mongolia and the USA, systematically replenished herbarium collections. In 1977, Malyshev published a review article on electronic data processing in herbarium and floristic, which served as an impetus for the creation of digital herbaria. In 2017, 40 years after the publication of this article, a Digital Herbarium began to be created at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. By now, it contains over 113 thousand digitized images of herbarium sheets with the full text of labels, of which more than 4.500 samples were collected personally by Malyshev or together with other collectors. The largest number of fees is represented from the territory of Russia, as well as Mongolia, the USA, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Tajikistan. The Digital Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS contains 179 herbarium type specimens used by Malyshev in describing 43 new taxa of vascular plants. In this publication, we would like to dwell on the scientific heritage of Malyshev, his contribution to herbarium work, thanks to which the Digital Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS was developed.