Home – Home – Jornals – Siberian Journal of Forest Science 2024 number 6

Two methods of delineation of the stratospheric polar vortex were compared by the main characteristics of the vortex they provide - vortex area, average wind speed at the edge, mean temperature inside the vortex. Both methods use the ERA5 reanalysis data for isobaric and isentropic surfaces, one of them is based on the geopotential and another one - on the potential vorticity (PV). Geopotential method gives higher vortex area than the PV method: 1.3 times higher for Arctic and 1.14 for Antarctic. The estimates of the average wind speed at the edge are very similar: the wind speed by PV method is 5% higher than by geopotential for the Arctic, and 3% higher in the Antarctic. Mean temperature inside the vortex by PV method is 1% lower in both the Arctic and Antarctic. The largest difference in the estimates of vortex area in the Arctic was 25.52 million km², which was reached on November 23, 2022 at the 600 K isentropic surface; and in the Antarctic it reached a value of 23.78 million km² on December 14.2. The significant difference in area demonstrates the need for careful selection of the delineation method when studying polar vortices. The significant difference in area demonstrates the need for careful selection of the delineation method when studying polar vortices.022 at the 475 K surface. The differences of vortex area are increasing with height: from 4.23 million km² at the 475 K surface to 10.24 million km² at the 600 K surface in the Arctic, from 4.91 million km² at the 475 K surface to 6.17 million km² at the 600 K surface in the Antarctic. The significant difference in areas demonstrates the necessity for careful selection of the delineation method when studying polar vortices.

The intensity and frequency of events associated with severe weather phenomena are currently increasing in Western Siberia. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model makes it possible to study such phenomena, in particular, for warning about their occurrence. This article defines a set of WRF parameterization schemes that provide a full-fledged analysis of the causes of occurrence and monitor the further development of severe weather events. This set of schemes ensures correct operation of the WRF model under conditions corresponding to severe weather events. The paper details two weather events with such severe phenomena as very strong wind, very heavy rainfall, prolonged heavy rain, and abnormally cold wave, which occurred in Western Siberia on April 29-30, 2019, and December 25-26, 2020.

Solving of the light scattering problem of atmospheric ice crystals is necessary for the interpretation of laser sensing data of atmosphere. This article presents the results of calculating light backscattering matrices for ice atmospheric crystals of arbitrary shape. The number of faces for these particles is 15, 20, and 40 and the size range is from 10 to 300 mm. Calculations were carried out within the physical optics approximation for the case of arbitrary spatial orientation of particles and single light scattering. The wavelengths of the incident light are 0.532 and 1.064 mm. According to the statistical analysis of crystals, their optical properties slightly differ. It is shown that the optical properties of an etalon particle taken from the IAO SB RAS data bank is satisfied the above distribution. Thus, the results confirm the validity of using the database for the case of a large set of particles with the number of faces from 15 to 40. The results are necessary for constructing algorithms for the interpretation of data of lidar sounding of cirrus clouds.

The history of the creation of a turbulent lidar at IAO SB RAS began 11 years ago, when, with the help of a bulky laboratory installation, it was first experimentally possible to register the backscatter enhancement (BSE) effect in a turbulent atmosphere. Subsequently, a number of design solutions were proposed to improve the lidar, which made it possible to reduce dimensions and increase reliability. The main features of the lidar design are: the coincidence of the optical axes of the transmitter and receiver; the presence of an additional receiving channel; operation in the photon counting mode with the accumulation of echo signals. The experimental technique using a turbulent lidar, which is a new type of laser locator, is described. An algorithm is given for determining the profile of the structural characteristic of turbulent fluctuations of the refractive index of air from the ratio of echo signals. The experimental verification of the technique was performed and the lidar data were compared with the readings of a solar radiometer and a scintillometer. In the future, the development of turbulent lidar technology will allow remote monitoring of the turbulence intensity in the atmospheric boundary layer from the ground, for example, on the glide path at airports; detecting clear air turbulence (CAT) in advance from aircraft, etc.

Trace atmospheric gases (TAGs) are optically active elements of the atmosphere. TAGs have a great influence on atmospheric processes: transformation of solar radiation, weather formation, air pollution by industrial emissions, and propagation of optical waves. Ozone occupies a special place among TAGs. The ozone layer plays the role of natural protection of the planet from short-wave solar radiation. Therefore, monitoring of the ozonosphere by ground-based and satellite instruments allows us to obtain the most reliable data on the state of the atmosphere and, in particular, the ozone layer. The solution of this urgent problem is possible only with permanent improvement of the hardware base and perfection of methodological approaches to scientific research of the atmosphere. In this work, a number of measurements were carried out using a mobile ozone lidar at wavelengths of 299/341 nm in the altitude range 0.1-12 km at the Siberian lidar station (SLS). Vertical ozone profiles retrieved from lidar and meteorological satellite data of the European Space Agency (MetOp) obtained in 2023 were compared. The comparisons showed that the average relative difference between the profiles varies from -65.6% to 15.3% at altitudes from 0.1 km to 12 km. The comparison results confirm good prospects for using these ozone sensing wavelengths in the altitude range 0.1-5 km, previously uncovered by the SLS. The results will be used in modeling the vertical distribution of ozone concentration and in assessing the ecological state of the atmosphere in the Tomsk region.

In adaptive optics systems (AOS) applied in astrophysics, normalized cross correlation (NCC) algorithm is widely used, usually in tracking and stabilization blocks, as well as for measuring the optical parameters of AOS, for example, local tilts in wavefront sensors (WFS). Due to the tendency to increase the apertures of modern telescopes and the improvement of the resolution of digital video cameras, the problem of increasing the speed of the NCC algorithm for real-time control calculations is relevant. The article proposes a modification of the NCC algorithm for measuring the displacement of images of extended objects of a static scene in adaptive atmospheric optics applications. This type of algorithm can be used in tracking systems to eliminate jitter of the entire image, as well as for measuring the wavefront phase in WFS. Due to the simplification of the reference frame normalization procedure, the algorithm wins in speed and can be used in AOS of large-aperture solar telescopes.

The article is devoted to the problem of automation of fitting lines parameters in high-resolution spectra recorded at modern spectrometers. When fitting a model contour, due to the presence of many local minima in the minimized standard deviation, a sufficiently accurate initial approximation of line profile parameters is required. The article proposes a method for finding a sufficiently accurate initial approximation of line profile parameters for the convergence of the fitting process. The method is based on the Kohonen neural network. Tests and comparison of other algorithms and networks for solving this problem are carried out. The suggested method can be used to process vibrational-rotational spectra and obtain databases for solving problems of atmospheric optics, molecular physics, and engineering problems.

The article describes part of the collection of plots “Continuous absorption of a carbon dioxide molecule” of the GrafOnto information system (IS) extracted from publications of 1991-2000. The thermodynamic conditions under which measurements and calculations were carried out are given, physical quantities and their dimensions are indicated, as well as the spectral and temperature intervals under study. The progress in solving continuum absorption problems in the specified period of time is briefly described. The expansion of the functionality of the GrafOnto IS is described. The extension addressed the problem of plots in a collection, which can be separated into families of similar plots contained in clusters of plots formed in transparency windows. The selection of families allows you to use not only individual plots in the analysis, but also their sets, the composition of which is determined by spectral or temperature quantities. A family of similar plots has been added to the properties (metadata) of primitive plots. The quantitative assessment of the proximity of plots has been introduced.

A formula has been derived which connects the structural constant of temperature fluctuations with the dissipation rate of the kinetic energy of turbulence not through the turbulent thermal diffusivity, but through the vertical gradients of average wind speed and air temperature and the turbulent Prandtl number. To estimate the structural characteristics of temperature using this formula, we suggest a model based on the generalization of known data on the turbulent Prandtl number as a function of the gradient Richardson number. It has been experimentally shown that the time series of the structural constant of temperature, which is calculated using the proposed formula and independently found from the spectra of temperature fluctuations based on measurements of wind speed and air temperature with sonic anemometers at two altitudes, are consistent with each other. This confirms the correctness of the theoretical constructions, which serve the basic for the model dependence of the turbulent Prandtl number on the gradient Richardson number.

Air pollution is a serious danger not only to human health, but also to the environment. The study of the carbon isotope composition of atmospheric aerosol in cities is of particular interest and has great potential for determining the dominant sources of aerosol particles. The results of continuous monitoring of the isotopic composition of total carbon (d¹³C) in atmospheric aerosol (with a resolution of 3 days) during the winter-spring season (November 2020 - May 2021) in Tomsk are presented. The d¹³С value ranged from -29.4 to -24.7‰, with the carbon percentage ranging from 1.3 to 35%. For 67 samples of carbonaceous atmospheric aerosol, the mean d¹³С value was -26.2 ± 0.3‰. The average d¹³С values of aerosol were -25.9 ± 0.5‰ in winter and -26.5 ± 1‰ in spring. The widest scatter of d¹³С values was observed during the spring, which indicates the presence of various sources of origin of carbonaceous aerosol particles. The main sources of carbonaceous aerosol particles were identified through the combined analysis of global map of wind (earth.nullschool.net), air masses backward trajectories (by NOAA HYSPLIT model), wind rose, and data on the variability of d¹³C values. In winter, the dominant source of carbonaceous aerosol was the city thermal power plant GRES-2. The study results not only contribute to understanding the sources of origin and transformation processes of atmospheric aerosols in Tomsk, but also can be input parameters for modeling the transport of aerosol particles on the regional scale.

Liquid-drop clouds play a significant role in the evolution of cloud systems and the formation of the Earth’s radiation balance. Determination of their optical and microphysical characteristics is one of the most important problems of optics and atmospheric physics. The paper is devoted to assessing the applicability of an artificial neural network to processing synthetic data of passive satellite measurements of reflected solar radiation of low and medium spatial resolution in the visible and short-wave infrared spectral regions in order to simultaneously retrieve the optical thickness and effective radius of droplets of horizontally inhomogeneous cloudiness. The network is trained using the Monte Carlo calculated values of radiance in marine stratocumulus clouds generated by a fractal model. Through a nonlinear approximation of the dependence of optical and microphysical parameters of clouds on radiation characteristics, the tested algorithm allows taking into account the effects of horizontal radiative transfer, unlike classical IPA/NIPA (Independent Pixel Approximation/Nonlocal Independent Pixel Approximation) schemes. It is shown that the errors in solving the inverse problem can be reduced by assimilating data in adjacent pixels, reducing spatial resolution, and using radiance data received at small solar zenith angles. The high correlation between the test and retrieved optical thickness and effective radius indicate the possibility of using a neural network approach to interpreting satellite measurement data.

The paper considers the methodological features of determining the optical extinction and backscattering coefficients by simultaneous lidar measurements at the following wavelengths: 532 nm (elastic scattering, ES); 607 nm (vibrational-rotational Raman scattering, RS); 530 nm (purely rotational RS). The ES signal identifies the range of allowable values (RAV) of the coefficients based on the a priori introduction of a physically substantiated lidar ratio. The RS signal at 607 nm, corresponding to a single line of the N₂ spectrum, provides a plausible estimate of the ratios in the boundary layer and part of the middle troposphere. The CR signal at 530 nm - a set of N₂ and O₂ spectrum lines - is characterized by smaller errors and provides a quantitative estimate of the coefficients in all main tropospheric layers. At a wavelength of 530 nm, the differential backscattering cross section depends on height due to temperature changes, which leads to a redistribution of N₂ and O₂ line intensities. Estimation of parameters from the RS signals is considered plausible when the sought-after coefficients are quantitatively comparable and, at the same time, located within their RAVs. The algorithms is tested using ground-based sensing data on the shore of Lake Baikal in August 2023.

Atmospheric temperature anomalies associated with sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) observed over the territory of Siberia require detailed study. In Siberia, there are few instruments that can provide the necessary information on the vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature. Unique lidar of the Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia (56.48° N, 85.05° E), developed for regular lidar measurements of atmospheric parameters, is one of few ground-based devices in Siberia which provide necessary data on the vertical stratification of atmospheric temperature during a SSW event. To determine the characteristics of atmospheric temperature anomalies during the SSW period in winter 2023 over Tomsk, data on atmospheric temperature in individual nights obtained by the SLS lidar, the WACCM model, the standard mid-latitude winter model, and the ERA5 reanalysis were compared. For the first time, the possibility of using vertical atmospheric temperature profiles obtained by the Raman scattering method to study the SSW effect is show. Use of lidar air temperature profiles to analyze changes in the vertical structure of the atmosphere during sudden stratospheric warmings is demonstrated.

At present, the relationship between sulfur dioxide (SO₂) concentration and small-scale turbulence within Southern Baikal has been described in a limited volume. The paper presents the results of a study of jet streams and atmospheric turbulence affecting the surface SO₂ content over Listvyanka station. The cases are considered when the surface SO₂ concentration tends to increase at negative vertical turbulent specific heat fluxes. This occurs against the background of the formation of jet streams within the lower layer of the atmosphere and large vertical shears of the wind speed below the jet formation height. The vertical turbulent specific heat flux in the surface layer of the atmosphere can serve as a key indicator determining the possibility of a positive relationship between the surface SO₂ concentration and the total kinetic energy of turbulence. The analysis revealed that the SO₂ concentration tends to increase at negative vertical turbulent temperature fluxes against the background of the development of low-level jet streams. In similar situations, but with positive or close to zero temperature flux values, SO₂ concentrations usually remain at background levels.

The periodicity of synoptic-scale variations in aerosol characteristics in the atmosphere of Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean is analyzed on the basic of long-term measurements. Statistically significant maxima of amplitude functions in the range from 3.5 to 18 days were manifested in periodograms of the concentrations of submicron aerosol and black carbon ( V_f and еВС). Cases of anomalously high еВС and V_f (5% of data), associated with long-range transports of continental pollutants, were considered in more detail. It is shown that the average duration of “anomalies” in еВС and V_f is few days, and the maximal duration attains 112 hours. The time intervals between “anomalies” are, on the average, 6-16 days, and the maximal intervals are from 28 to 69 days. Despite the short duration and rare occurrence of anomalous situations, they increase the average concentrations of aerosol and black carbon by 28-77%. Calculations showed that the major (79%) contributors to air pollution over the Kara and Barents Seas are made by the outflows of anthropogenic pollutants; and in the eastern sector of the Arctic Ocean, the contribution of smokes from wildfires is maximal. The effect of the products of associated gas combustion at gas-oil plants was manifested most strongly (up to 51%) in the atmosphere of Cape Baranov.

This work studies the effect of the daily dynamics of turbulent processes on the daily dynamics of the electric field in the surface air layer. When modeling, the coefficient of turbulent diffusion within the electrode layer is specified as a stationary function of altitude in view of hydrodynamic concepts. A mathematical model of the dynamics of the electric field intensity in the surface air layer in the case of a turbulent electrode effect is suggested. The main equation of the model is the equation of the total current in the surface layer, which has been derived in the approximation of strong turbulent mixing and describes the electrodynamics of the surface layer under the combined action of local and global current generators. The work examines the non-stationary nature of turbulent exchange in order to confirm the previously identified effects in the daily dynamics of the electric field strength in the surface layer under stationary turbulence. To describe the daily dynamics of turbulent processes, gradient measurements in high-altitude conditions of the Elbrus region were used. Processing of the measurement data enables deriving the time dependence of the turbulent diffusion coefficient from the solution of the total current equation. Taking into account this dependence, the expression for the daily dynamics of the field strength was refined. Time shifts of the daily extremes, a change in their amplitude, and the appearance of additional extremes depending on the electric field strength have been established. All these effects are comparable to the global unitary variation and increase with the electric field strength. The results can be useful for solving a number of applied geophysical problems, in particular, monitoring the electric field of the atmosphere and analyzing atmospheric-electrical measurement data.

A comprehensive approach to simulation of the fields of dispersion of pollutants in the surface air layer from flare installations on the territory of the Mamontovskoye field of the Nefteyugansk district of the KhMAO is suggested. It includes the simulation of pollutant concentrations (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and soot) with the use of UPRZA Eco-Center software based on terrestrial data on the content of organic compounds in soils and satellite data (AIRS) on greenhouse gas concentrations. This approach enables comprehensive studies of the state of the natural environment in remote northern oil and gas producing areas on the basis of satellite and ground-based data.

In recent years, laser sources created in airborne laser plasma by powerful femtosecond radiation pulses have been rapidly developing. This work studies coherent radiation generation on N₂⁺ ions in laser plasma using two-color pumping at λ = 950 and 475 nm. It is shown that the addition of second harmonic radiation, wavelength of which is closer to the lasing lines on ions compared to the first harmonic, increases the intensity and stability of supercontinuum radiation which acts as seed radiation for the lasing. Such pumping allows lasing on new lines and controlling the intensity and spectral composition of the generated radiation. The results can be useful for establishing the way(s) of creating population inversion in laser plasma on molecular nitrogen ions.

The effect of vertical and horizontal turbulent heat fluxes on the air temperature variance under conditions of temperature inversions of different intensity is considered. It is shown that the neglect of horizontal turbulent heat fluxes under these conditions in the existing models can lead to significant underestimation of the mixing layer height.

The XXX Anniversary International Symposium “Atmosphere and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics” was held from July 1 to 5, 2024, in Saint Petersburg (Russia). The Symposium program included 320 reports on priority areas of development of science, technology, and engineering of the Russian Federation, including 4 plenary, 2 invited, 81 oral, 81 poster, and 152 on-line poster reports. Holding such an event at one of the scientific centers of the Russian Academy of Sciences ensures significant representation in the world scientific community of researchers from Russian scientific schools, which are leading in the country and widely known in the world.

The article formulates the issues of formation, development and improvement of investment mechanisms and instruments in solving the problems of management and planning of territorial entities. A review of scientific publications on the stated issues is carried out. A critical analysis of international, national and regional rating systems used to assess the performance of territories is carried out. The Russian Federation, the South Siberian macroregion (Novosibirsk regions, Omsk regions, Tomsk regions, Kemerovo regions, Altai Krai and the Altai Republic), municipal entities of the Novosibirsk region are selected as the object of the study. The information basis of the work was open data of the Federal State Statistics Service, territorial bodies of the FSSS, information posted on the websites of governing bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the author’s assessments of the discussed problems, phenomena and processes. Conclusions and recommendations are made.

The article considers approaches to analyzing and determining institutional and resource conditions for the functioning of the Siberian economy at different stages of the economic and political history of Russia. We show the change in concepts of the Russian imperial and Soviet experiences in implementing territorial megaprojects for the development of Siberia. We propose a methodological approach to assessing and comparing their scales. The authors performed an expert assessment of the comparative importance of megaprojects for the economy of the country and the Siberian macroregion at different stages of historical development. It is shown that to date no stable trends have been formed that correspond to the quantitative parameters of state priority in relation to Siberia. It is concluded that the implementation of megaprojects is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for the accelerated modernization of the economy and the achievement of largescale national and regional goals.

The article highlights the problems associated with one of the most important modern environmental challenges, which reflects the opportunities and limitations of the energy transition in Russian conditions. The “green” transformations taking place in the world, primarily in energy systems, growing climate change, and tightening environmental protection requirements determine the relevance and need for a timely and adequate response to the associated risks and threats. The modern energy transition reflects changes in the structure of primary energy consumption through the gradual expansion of the use of renewable energy sources. An analysis of the problems of the energy transition in Russia made it possible to identify the risks and threats caused by them, among which climate risks and threats, possible directions for decarbonization of the economy and the associated high costs of introducing renewable energy generation facilities, risks of increasing costs for reducing the carbon footprint of Russian companies in connection with the introduction of transboundary carbon regulation on world markets, risks associated with the need to reconstruct the energy system during the transition to the widespread use of renewable energy sources. lag in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy and the implementation of climate projects, etc. Proposals have been made for the formation of a system of measures aimed at neutralizing and minimizing relevant risks and threats. These proposals may be useful in developing management tools within the framework of environmental and economic policy at the regional and federal levels.

Banks and financial organizations use various software and technology solutions aimed at combating fraudulent transactions, and the range of such solutions is quite wide. But none of the solutions guarantees the complete elimination of various fraudulent activities. Therefore, anti-fraud systems are constantly developing and improving. In this paper, an attempt is made to systematize information regarding the construction of fraud monitoring systems, highlight the main approaches to creating such systems, briefly describe the methods and models used, and also present the results of a comparative analysis of the most well-known domestic and foreign fraud monitoring systems.

Entrepreneurship is able to contribute substantially to the support of economic and technological sovereignty, which makes urgent studies of different factors of its development. The growing attention to traditional family values raises a question about their importance as one of these factors. The world’s research experience in this problematic is treated with the help of bibliographical survey aimed at the detection of relevant sources and the systematization of information from them. It is established that 45 % of the total quantity of the selected articles in international journals argue a positive influence of family values on entrepreneurial activity, and none work informs about only negative influence. Thematically, the selected articles are diverse and can be gathered into five groups. The geographical analysis of the authors’ affiliations indicates on a scientific interest to this factor in twenty countries differing by historical-cultural and socio-economical aspects. Family values can be proven as a universal and positive factor of entrepreneurship development. The attention of the state to traditional family values in Russia provides with an important competitive advantage to the country, and the interest of domestic scientists in this factor matches the national interests.

The widespread use of the rating system in the life of almost every person raises the question of the value of their use, the objectivity and comprehensiveness of ratings. In this article, the authors summarized the most common and generally accepted definitions of the word “rating” and proposed an integrated definition of the term. The classification of the concept of “rating” on several grounds is presented, approaches (positions) reflecting the place and role of ratings in modern society are systematized. Based on the information received, the pros and cons of using them are described.

The article presents the author’s research results in the field of intellectual property management and includes analysis of publications by Russian scientists, as well as the dynamics of the development of this subject area. The prospects for the development of intellectual property are a key area of scientific and prospective research. The article also highlights the importance of practical directions in the study of intellectual property management processes. It is noted that over the past two years, the practical implementation of the results of theoretical research is insufficiently substantiated and is underestimated by domestic authors. In modern conditions, it is important to conduct comprehensive study in order to identify problematic issues in the management of intellectual property, while forming approaches to effective management actions. This approach will lead to improved management efficiency and stimulate innovation.

The research is devoted to the theoretical understanding of methods and approaches to the management of financial assets of the organization, which is of relevance today and requires a detailed study taking into account the new trends of modern economy. The research in this area will clarify and systematize the existing approaches to financial asset management, as well as identify and analyze their advantages and disadvantages, and develop more effective strategies of financial asset management, adapted to specific conditions and needs of the organization. An important aspect of the research is the analysis of new trends in the modern economy, such as digitalization, globalization and changes in consumer behavior. Taking these factors into account will identify new opportunities and challenges that organizations face in managing their financial assets. Therefore, the research in this area is of great importance for the practice of financial management in the current environment. The results and conclusions of the study will help organizations to optimize their financial strategy, minimize risks and effectively use their financial resources to achieve their goals.

The article diagnoses the sustainability of local budgets using the example of municipalities of the Novosibirsk region using budget coefficients. The structure of local budget revenues for the Russian Federation in general and for the municipalities of the Novosibirsk region in particular is characterized. Calculation of budget coefficients for 2012-2020 revealed a significant dependence of local budgets of the region on transfers from the budget of the Novosibirsk region, while municipalities that had the largest share of tax and non-tax revenues after transferring funds from the regional budget become the least wealthy. And although during the period under review the ratio of gratuitous transfers and tax and non-tax revenues is reduced, nevertheless, the vast majority of municipalities cover over 80 % of expenses with transfers from the regional budget.

The article presents the results of research conducted at the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics concerning the systematic analysis of the state of economic security of Russia’s foreign trade activity as a dynamic process requiring constant adaptation to changing conditions of the internal and external environment. The authors consider the economic security of foreign trade activities as an integral part of the country’s overall economic security strategy aimed at protecting the economic interests of domestic producers on the international market in the face of sanctions restrictions from unfriendly countries. The article evaluates the impact of sanctions on the structure of foreign trade activities; identifies challenges and threats to economic security and defines the directions of state policy to neutralize them. In the final section of the article, measures and recommendations are proposed to improve economic security in the field of foreign trade activity

The transport and logistics industry plays a key role in the national economy of Russia, ensuring the movement of raw materials, supplies and goods. For this reason, the state of this sector, especially in the context of sanctions pressure, directly affects Russia’s economic growth and well-being. The author draws attention to the fact that, since traditional trade flows with Western countries have significantly decreased, domestic logistics has faced serious restrictions. Accordingly, the relevance of the topic is related to the need to find new routes and markets for Russian exporters. Various general scientific and special methods were used to conduct research, such as induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, classification, comparative analysis, descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, logical analysis, structural and functional analysis. In the course of his work, the author of the article relied on reliable open sources, such as the official websites of the Federal Customs Service (FCS) of Russia and the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), as well as works by domestic authors devoted to similar issues. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the tightening of sanctions in 2022 affected the Russian economy in two ways. On the one hand, the pressure on sanctions has caused devastating consequences, such as increased transportation costs and disruption of logistics and production chains. On the other hand, the changes have forced Russian logisticians to actively look for new opportunities.

In the context of rapid technological progress and digital transformation of the global economy, the issue of the impact of the digital economy on regional development is becoming increasingly relevant. Russian regions do not remain aloof from this global process. This article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of digital transformation on the economy of Russian regions. The study examines the changes occurring in the economy under the influence of digital technologies, identifies the features of the development of business, government and society. The results obtained will help to better understand the dynamics of changes in Russian regions and develop development strategies to achieve sustainable economic growth.

Innovations and the rapid development of technologies, especially the introduction of artificial intelligence, nowadays dictate a new vector of development for creative industries. Attempts to assess the scale of creative industries and their impact on the national economy are being performed in many countries. Currently, there are studies focusing on various aspects of the creative economy. The article offers a rating of the Far Eastern Federal District regions according to official statistical indicators assessing the development of the creative economy.

The small spruce bark beetle ( Ips amitinus (Eichhoff)) is the European species which invaded Siberia providing outbreaks in forests predominated by its new host plant, the Siberian pine ( Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The barrier pheromone traps with dispensers containing synthetic aggregation pheromone of small spruce bark beetle produced by the Russian Quarantine Center (VNIIKR) and the Austrian company Witasek were placed in the pest foci in the Siberian pine forest of the Tomsk Region and regularly checked in June-August 2024. During the period of bark beetle flight, the synthetic pheromones of Russian and Austrian producers attracted no one small spruce bark beetle specimen. Instead, the Russian pheromone attracted specialized entomophagous predator Thanasius femoralis (Zetterstedt) and a number of non-target species of bark beetles and sawyer beetles. The catches on the Austrian pheromone were indistinguishable from control traps in terms of the composition of attracted insect species. The necessity of additional research on the development of efficient pheromone mixtures for monitoring small spruce bark beetle in its secondary range is emphasized.

On average, in Siberia about 600 thousand hectares of forests have been annually cut down in the last two decades and about the same much damage from forest fires. Furthermore, forest stands have been damaged by pests (Siberian silkworm ( Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetverikov), four-eyed fir bark beetle ( Polygraphus proximus Blandford), etc.) as well as windfalls and industrial emissions. Forest cover significant changes indicate the need identifying the causes of those changes for the purpose of eliminating negative phenomena. The forest fund dynamics disclose a deterioration of the qualitative species composition. The reasons for this are not only global climate warming, but and quite predictable human and natural factors: logging, forest fires, forest insect outbreaks, natural forest regeneration processes, and forest land transfers for infrastructure development. Forestry in Russia is still far from solving the problem of full-fledged forest reproduction. Forest reproduction involves a number of stages that must be consistently implemented to achieve the final goal. Reproduction of forest resources is preceded by the process of reforestation, which involves the restoration of cut, dead or damaged forests and which ensures the formation of a closed young forest, but does not guarantee the necessary structure and target functions of a mature forest. The latter can be achieved through subsequent forestry measures, including thinning, forest protection and conservation. The long period of forest regeneration calls for the need for decision-making, which results will be achieved in many decades later. The action system should be aimed at adapting forests to predicted natural and economic transformations.

The analysis of crooked trees proportion of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) climatypes was conducted in the provenance trial of Boguchansky forestry district with different soil conditions in the southern taiga of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Averagely, the results of the study showed significantly lower proportion of crooked pine trees in conditions of loam soil, than in conditions of sandy soil. The plantations of western and southern pine climatypes are exposed to different stress factors in conditions of sandy soil. As a result, in young age trees had contortion of stem, including replacement of central shoot. The southern climatypes from forest-steppe territories are differ with high proportion of crooked trees on sandy and loam soils. There are differences in regularities of stem shape variability in the different soil conditions. The significant proportion increase of trees with straight stem was revealed with eastern longitude of origin place increasing in conditions of sandy soil. Mainly, the climatypes from eastern regions of Russia (Siberia, Zabaikalie, Far East) have small percentage (0-20 %) of crooked trees in the provenance trial of Boguchany forestry. The more northerner latitude of climatypes origin places is - the more proportion of trees with straight stems on experimental plots with different soil condition is. The posterities of Scots pine from northern, middle and southern taiga, from European and Asian parts of species range, have small percentage of crooked trees.

Global climate change, anthropogenic pollution, the development of epiphytotics and the mass reproduction of insect pests are the cause of the phytopathological state of tree species stands. To the understanding of the pathology mechanisms development of the tree’s structural elements (in particular, needles) will be promote analytical approach to the study of the tested plant organ. The study approach was implemented by us using the example of a comparative study of healthy and damaged Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) needles from suburban stands using infrared Fourier spectroscopy. The analysis of the IR spectra of healthy and damaged needles is based on a method for comparing the intensity ratios of absorption bands at characteristic frequencies (for bonds, functional groups, and the type of their oscillations). The assignment of absorption bands was carried out according to the literature data. In order to compare damaged samples of needles with the control, the absorption band intensity ratio was calculated for I_1375/2900, I_1695/1647, I_1506/898, I_1564/1550, I_1695/1533, I_1447/1369, I_1654/1730, I_1728/1477, I_2920/1600, I_3040/1600, I_3040/1508, I_1512/894 (subscripts indicate for which wave numbers the absorption intensity ratios were calculated). The analysis of the IR spectra needles array using this method showed what changes (qualitatively and quantitatively) at the level of molecular and structural parameters are characterized by shrinking and diseased needles compared with healthy ones.

The distribution of woody plants of the Kemerovo region according to the scheme of floristic zoning of Kuzbass is given. The characteristic features of forest communities for each floral area are noted. It was found that woody plants in Kuzbass are represented by 173 species, 69 genera and 29 families. The dendroflora of Kuzbass consists of 94.8 % of flowering plants, the share of gymnosperms accounts for 5.2 %. The largest families of woody plants of the Kemerovo region are: Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Ericaceae, Betulaceae, Grossulariaceae, Lamiaceae and largest genera: willows ( Salix L.) and poplar ( Populus L.). Updated data on floristic areas show that the first place in terms of the number of native and introduced species is occupied by the most densely populated area - the Kuznetsk Basin. In second place in terms of the number of species is the Kuznetsky Alatau floristic district with minimal participation of introduced species. In total, 56 alien woody plants were found in the flora of Kuzbass. Of these, there are 19 advent trees, 3 of which are found in all floral areas. Of the 37 cultivated species, 12 are found in all floristic areas. As part of the flora of woody plants of the Kemerovo region, 10 species are included in the «Red Book of Kuzbass» (2021). For the narrow endemic of Kuzbass, Dracocephalum krylovii Lipsky, it is proposed to change the rarity category of the species from 2 to 1. Six species included in the «Black Book of Flora of Siberia» (2016) were noted, indicating the status of invasiveness of each. It is proposed to establish the status of invasiveness for Ulmus laevis Pall. 4 and include it in the list of Black Book Hippophae rhamnoides L. with status 4. According to generally accepted classifications of life forms, it was found that summer-green shrubs and phanerophytes predominate in the composition of the dendroflora of Kuzbass.

Dwarf birch ( Betula nana L.) is a circumpolar low shrub common in the northern hemisphere. Previously, it was suggested that dwarf birch hybridize with a sympathetic species - the downy birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh.), with the formation of triploid hybrids in the northern regions of Western Eurasia. Data on the presence and intensity of these species hybridization on the territory of the Russian Federation are scarce and require additional study and verification. The purpose of this study was to study the ploidy level of some birch representatives growing in the mountain tundra of the Altai Mountain range to identify hybrid forms. The work used the flow cytometry method in combination with the analysis of nuclear microsatellite loci. The average DNA content of the studied dwarf birch and silver birch ( B. pendula Roth) samples was 2С = 0.966 pg and 2С = 0.974 pg correspondingly, while DNA content of the putative hybrid sample was 1.46 times higher 2C = 1.413 pg, indicating its probable triploid genome. Analysis of nuclear microsatellite loci confirmed the data obtained by flow cytometry. It was shown that nuclear loci L3.1, L7.3, L1.10, L5.4 are most suitable for identifying triploid hybrid birch samples. The work performed confirms the existence of rare triploid hybrids dwarf birch and downy birch in populations of dwarf birch trees growing in the mountain tundra forest in Altai. The analysis shows that the flow cytometry method in combination with microsatellite analysis is an effective tool for searching and verifying triploid birch hybrids.

The development of ecology implies the possibility of predicting the ecological functions of plants based on their functional characteristics, in particular, the specific leaf area, as the ratio of leaf surface area to their dry weight (SLA), and leaf mass per area (LMA), as the inverse of SLA. However, it was found that at the global level, SLA explains only 3.1 % of the variability in tree height growth. The introduction and use of the integral production feature Mp, as the product of LMA and the area of the horizontal projection of the crown, showed that the explanation of the variability of tree stem growth on the community of 125 species increased to 31 %, but, at the same time, did not show the advantages of Mp in the explanatory ability of the variability of growth compared with the stem diameter. The purpose of this study is to find out in what ratio, when modeling the tree stem growth, the explanatory power of a production indicator and a set of taxation features, such as stem diameter, tree height and tree age, may consist. For this purpose, according to the data of 300 sample trees taken on 30 sample plots in pure Scots pine forests of the Turgai Depression, a sequence of allometric models in a different combination of dependent and independent variables was calculated. Due to the too high complexity of determining the SLA with sufficient accuracy for 300 trees, the quotient of dividing the needle mass by the area of the horizontal projection of the crown (P_f /S_c) was used as a production indicator. This production indicator has a biological meaning, slightly different from Mp, but in terms of information it is not inferior to the latter. It was found that when calculating the multifactorial dependence of the stem cross-sectional area growth over the past 10 years on (P_f /S_c) and forest inventory indicators of trees, the contribution of (P_f /S_c) to the explanation of the growth variability was only 6 % and it was excluded from the analysis. As a result, a two-factor allometric model of the stem cross-sectional area growth over 10 years on the age and stem diameter at breast height is proposed, explaining 91 % of the variability of the growth. The proposed model makes it possible to determine the cross-sectional area basal growth of a stand in the single-aged pine forests based on the results of the accounting trees by stem diameters.